Waa maxay pneumonia iyo sida loo daweeyo?

Waxa si fiican loo yaqaan in pneumonia - caabuq ku dhaca sambabada. Laakiin qof kasta oo aan og yahay sida cudurka waa mid adag oo khatar badan tahay sida saxda ah in ay wax ka qaban, waxa ay yihiin cawaaqibka ay, sifooyinka iyo natiijooyinka daaweynta. Caawiyo akhristaha aan lahayn tababar caafimaad, si loo fahmo waxa ay tahay pneumonia - hawsha ee qodobkan.

aqoonta caafimaadka gaarka ah ee maanta pneumonia gaadhay si qoto dheer weyn sayniska iyo caafimaadeed. Waxaa jiray daawooyinka casriga ah awood si ay u caawiyaan dagaalamaan cudurka this iyo ku guuleysan.

Oo weli sii wadaan in ay u dhintaan pneumonia. cudur gaar ahaan cabsi, sida in goor hore, laftiisa muujinaysaa carruurta yaryar ka mid ah. jirka ah ee ilmaha waa itaal daranyahay, waxa adkayn kara by pneumonia in bukaanka dhalinyaro ah oo la foomamka culus oo halis nolosha.

Nuxurka cudurka - cudur la is qaadsiiyo oo unug sambabada. Taas macnaheedu waxa weeye in ay jirto jeermiska weerar iyo fayrus ee Alfiyoli ah (goobooyin yar oo uu ka samaysan yahay unugyada sambabada). Marka neefsashada caafimaad Alfiyoli dhacdaa sida soo socota. Inta lagu guda jiro neefsado, waxay ku urursan oxygen lagama maarmaanka u ah nolosha. Markaas, iyada oo dhiig uu diverges jidhka oo dhan. Inta lagu jiro oo katimaada, dioxide kaarboon qaaca iyo nijaasta kale gaseous waxyeello gudbo jidhka, iyadoo ka qaybgalka Alfiyoli ah.

sawir X-ray ah pneumonia sida caadiga ah wuxuu qeexayaa, caawiyay in la dhiso cudurka saxda ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mararka qaarkood aad u baahan tahay si ay u caddeeyaan iyo dib-u-baaris. Xaaladdan oo kale, more soo bandhigaan bukaanka shucaaca waxyeelada ka badan hal mar ma wanaagsana. Sidaa darteed, muhiimad weyn ku lifaaqan kale, habab dheeraad ah oo dhaqan ahaan kormeerka iyo nabadgelyada: durbaanka (faraha durbaanka) iyo auscultation (dhagaysto iyada oo a "biibiile" - stethoscope). cudurka wuxuu noqon karaa si kala duwan in mararka qaar dhakhtarku u muuqataa in aysan ahayn mid ku saabsan pneumonia, laakiin kooxda oo dhan cudurada aad u kala duwan.

Qoondaynta oo ah pneumonia - nidaam aad u adag. Laakiin bukaanada la filayo (dadka waaweyn), iyo gaar ahaan waalidiinta carruurta yar yar waxay u baahan yihiin in ay leeyihiin ugu yaraan faham yar ee foomamka of pneumonia, si ay u fahmaan dhakhtar ee dood iyo daaweynta cudurka.

• Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca yar hit ah, kala duwan pneumonia bidix madaxyo simanna, garabka midig iyo double-dhinac.
• Haddii sambabka la kacsada qayb yar waxaa ka mid ah - qeybta ah (kuwaas oo ka kooban saamiga iftiinka) la ogaado pneumonia segmental. Tusaale ahaan, in sambabada saameeyeen aasaas ahaan loo ogaado pneumonia asalka.
• A caymiska jirka guud (boqolkiiba iftiinka) siinayaa pneumonia lobar ah. Nooca ugu daran waxaa ka mid ah - pneumonia lobar.
• Waxaa inta badan u dhacdaa, ma suurto gal ahayd in waqti si ay u joojiyaan bararka. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxay qarinayaan jirka oo dhan oo waxaa lagu magacaabaa pneumonia guud.

Pneumonia waxaa loo arkaa hoose marka lagu bilaabay aan xidhiidhka la cudur kale.

pneumonia Secondary sababa cudurada kale (duwanaansho caadi ah - in ay sabab bronchitis) iyo iyaga weheliyo. Marka pneumonia sare daaweeyaa in meesha ugu horeysa, cudurka ugu weyn oo ay barbar - pneumonia oo aad u.

Mid ka mid ah pneumonia ugu khatarsan - immunodeficient. Taas oo weerarta cudurka bukaanka difaacooda, oo ay ku jiraan dhalatay, kuwaas oo ilaalin aan weli waqti si ay u horumariyaan. U muuqday on asalka ah ee difaaca, pneumonia sida qabsatay khayraadka ee u shaqeeyo oo dhan, taas oo aan u adkaysan. Dhimashada ka pneumonia sida aad u sarreeya.

At pneumonia isbitaalka (nosocomial) ah, bukaanada isbitaalka (gaar ahaan dadka waayeelka ah), iyo dhallaanka ee isbitaalka waxa ku dhaca sheyga waxyeelada leh, kuwaas oo ah in ay iska caabin antibiotics awoodaan. pneumonia Community-helay iyadoo injirta waxaa sida aan lala.

Waa maxay pneumonia sababa sheyga kala duwan?

wakiilada sababaya of pneumonia, sida caadiga ah, waa bakteeriya pneumococcus ah. In mid ka mid ah koox iyaga ka mid ah - Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. microbes Kuwanu, in kasta oo ay hawshu caadi ahayn oo khatar ku yihiin nugul antibiotics.

Waa ay adag tahay in la dhiso istaraatijiyad daaweynta haddii pneumonia waxaa keena sheyga gaar ah - Klebsiella oo Legionella, Chlamydia iyo mycoplasma. flora Tani waa nooc ka mid KMG ah inta u dhaxaysa bakteeriyada iyo fayraska. Waa adkaysi u antibiotics badan. wareer noocan oo kale ah weerari karaan sambabada iyo hawomareenno muddo gaaban, qabsaday jirka iyo aad u badan oo ballaaran dalka. Waxayna inta badan sabab u pneumonia nosocomial. seenyo ee cudurka ee kiisaska noocaas ah - ilaa total pneumonia a focal, saadaasha culus.

Wareer yihiin unugyada sambabada in laba hab: iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka neefsiga ama iyada oo dhiigga. Going to bronkie, sheyga waxaa lagu shubo iyaga iyo waxay bilaabaan inay u badin. Marka marxaladdan, daawashada nooc ka mid boronkiitada, dhakhtarku soo gebogebeeyay bronchioles caabuq (branching bronki pulmonary in lobules ah). Faafidda ee barar ah dhuumaha dalka Portuqal ee Alfiyoli ah keena pneumonia focal. Dheeraad ah, in Alfiyoli halkaas waa wax soo saarka ah ee waxqabadka sheyga - dheecaan. Waxaa overlaps ku lumens xididdada dhiigga, iyo sambabada dhiiga jireyso qulquli oxygen. khatarta ah ee heerkan, aad xitaa ma hadli karo.

hababka cudurka pneumonia kala qaybsan yihiin aasaasiga ah iyo sare.

Hababka ugu weyn waa:

• Daraasad X-ray,
• qaadashada xaako baaritaan cqaadir;
• qaadashada xaako for beero (sheyga dhaqanka tarma dhalidda ee shaybaarka, habka taranka ayaa lagu arkay iyo falanqeeyay);
• qaadashada falanqayn dhiig guud;
• baaritaan dhiig on Kiimikada noole,
• sameeyo falanqaynta gaaska dhiigga.

habab dheeraad ah:

• computer-tomographic waxbarasho;
• biopsy unugyada sambabada;
• Kaadi.

Doorashada hababka iska leh dhakhtarka, kuwaas oo soo baxa calaamadaha sawirka iyo syndromes of pneumonia.

Waayo, daawaynta, sida caadiga ah, soo xulay antibiotics. dheeraad ah si hufan ay soo gaaray, ayaa in ka badan guul noqon doonaa dagaalka ka dhanka ah cudurka.

In waqtigeena waxaa laga tallaaley pneumococcus. Practice ayaa muujisay in ay yihiin wax ku ool ah. Ma waxay leeyihiin in ay ilmaha da'da xannaanada marka la eego kuwaas oo uu dhakhtarku soo qoro.

Xitaa haddii pneumonia la daaweyn, waxa ka baxo raad ah ee jirka ku qabin, taas oo laga yaabaa in dheeraad ah ka qayb qaataan horumarinta cudurada raaga.

Si taas loo muujiyo, ogow in sida pneumonia a segmental iyo taabashada on arrinta of pneumonia mycoplasma.

Tan iyo pneumonia ku segmental saameeyeen kaliya qayb ka mid ah unugyada sambabada on x-rays si cad u arki karo xuduudaha ah meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey ah. Waa yara sahlan cudurka dhibaato.

Haddii pneumonia segmental, badnayn, waxaa soconayan horumarin karaan (la bixitaanka iyo soo celinta calaamadaha). Area of resorption unugyada saameysey yimaad ku saabsan 5aad si maalmood 9-ka bilawga cudurka.

Inta badan waxa ay dhacdaa atelectasis (sambabka burburo, ma crack karo iyo lumin dhaqdhaqaaqa neefsiga in meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey).

Marka cudurka atelectasis uu noqonayo mid daba - todobaad iyo bilood. Seexday unugyada sambabada biqlay buunshada unugyada (connective). unugyada buunshada ma awoodo gudashada hawlaha gaarka ah, ma ka qaybqaadan karaan neefsashada. In sambabada goobaha fibrotic loo sameeyay dhibic neefsashada of view - dhintay.

Sidaas darteed, pneumonia segmental waxa dhici karta caabuq sambabka chronic iyo fibrosis (cudur atelectasis qadar xad-dhaaf ah).

cystic sambabada waa mid aan bogsan karin. nolosha bukaanka silcin doonaa neefta oo aad u daran neefta. Jirku wuxuu sabab u la'aanta ah ee shaqo-mareenka, ay sii wadi doonaan in ay la kulmaan oo ah ogsijiin la'aan.

pneumonia Mycoplasma sababa pathogene waa adkaysi u antibiotics gaar ah (penicillin, streptomycin, iwm). Isla mar ahaantaana, mycoplasma ma iska caabin karaa tetracycline ah antibiotic.

Nolosha mycoplasma in xubnaha Fistula. From waxaa jira dhiiga u galo habka neefsashada. dhexdhexaad ah cudurka kama 'qaadsiin kartaa qof caafimaad qaba dhibcaha hawada (neefta waxa on, hindhisto ama qufac), iyo galmada. pneumonia Tani uurka leh laga cabsado, waxaa jira halis ah oo cudurka intrauterine dhiciska.

Cudurku wuxuu ku dhacaa foomamka soo socda:

• cudur ba'an ee neef-(caabuq of the meelaha marinka hawada gudaha);
• pneumonia ba'an;
• urethritis (caabuq kaadi);
• cudurada bararka dumarka.

pneumonia Mycoplasma waxaa lagu daaweeyaa tetracycline, iyo sidoo kale hanaanka gaarka ah ee nooc kasta oo pneumonia. nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waxaa ka mid ah daawaynta la oxygen iyo bronchodilators (daawooyinka, oo sabab u ah oo ah innuu soo dhaweynta hawomareenno, iyo hawada helo helitaanka sambabada).

pneumonia Mycoplasma Saadaasha wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aadan aragto bilawga ah ee cudurka iyo daaweynta bilaabi soo daahay, dhibaatooyinka suurtagal ah ama dhimasho.

dalxiiska gaaban oo galay sayniska ee caabuq sanbabada ee isku day ah in razyasnit waxa pneumonia, waxay ka caawisaa in la xusuusiyo akhristaha of khatarta cudurkan. Qallalan, "qayliyo" qufac, taas oo saacad walba waa sii xoog badan iyo xanuun badan, qandho yar, la'aanta jawaab u daawooyinka qandhada - sabab u daweyn degdeg dhakhtarka. Gaar ahaan haddii aan ka hadlayno reer da'da xannaanada iyo dadka waayeelka ah.