Ksantoproteinovaya reaction in protein: calaamooyin iyo isla'egta formula

Si uu u adkeeyo kooban oo tayo leh oo ah cuntooyin badan oo loo isticmaalo reaction ksantoproteinovaya in borotiinka. Joogitaanka acids amino udgoon ee isku dhafka ah u beddeli doonaa midab wanaagsan saamiga baaritaanka.

Waa maxay protein

Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan protein ah, taas oo ah wax dhismaha jirka nool a. Borotiin ilaaliyaan size muruqa, soo celinta dhismeedka dhaawac iyo meyd unugyada xubnaha kala duwan, waxa ay noqon timaha, maqaarka iyo seedaha. Iyada oo ay ka qayb, saarta corpuscles dhiigga cas, waxaa maamula hawlgalka caadiga ah ee hormoonnada badan iyo unugyada habka difaaca.

Tani waa Britain adag in uu yahay polypeptide a isagoo mass ka weyn 6 ~ 10 ³ daltons. Qaab dhismeedka Protein la xirrira harta acid amino in tiro badan oo ah bond peptide ku xidhay.

Dhismaha borotiinada

feature The kala duwan ee walxaha kuwaas oo leh miisaan yar yahay peptides kelli marka la barbar dhigo waa in ay horumariyo qaab-dhismeedka saddex geesood ah da'ayeen, oo ay taageerayaan saamaynta leh heerar kala duwan ee soo jiidashada. Borotiin hantidaan afar-dhismeedka. Waayo, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah.

Sida ku saleysan ururka aasaasiga ah ee u taagoo dheefayo xigxiga amino acid, qaab-dhismeedka oo aqoonsan reaction ksantoproteinovaya in borotiinka. Qaab dhismeedka Tani waa xilliyo ku cel-bond peptide -HN-CH-xigeenka, a xag qayb la xushay waa silsilado ka dhisan ee acids amino. Waxay u qeexaan guryaha oo dheeraad ah oo ah walaxda oo dhan.

Dhismaha protein aasaasiga ah waxaa loo arkaa xoog ku filan, taasi waxaa sabab u ah joogitaanka isdhexgalka covalent xoog u xidhnahay peptide. Aasaasidda heerka ku xiga dhacdaa ku xiran tahay sifooyinka ku qeexan ee marxaladda hore.

Aasaasidda dhismeedka sare waxaa suurtagal ah ay sabab u tahay maroojinta ah ee isku xigxiga amino acid wax ku muquuninta ah, kuwaas oo dhaaraheedii ay hydrogen ku hagaagaan dhexeeya markooda ka.

Ururka heer Jaamacadeed ah u taagoo sameeyey by codsanaya mid ka mid ah ku muquuninta a on jajabkii kale oo dhacdo ee dhammaan xidhiidhada ay suurto gal u dhaxeeya, iyadoo hydrogen, disulfide, covalent ama xarunta Madbacada qaranka. Natiijadu waxay tahay ururka qaab globules.

Heshiiskaasi ollogga ah dhismayaashii sare leh formation of bonds kiimikada u dhaxeeya keenaysaa in formation of qaab kama dambaysta ah ee Britain ama heerarka quaternary.

acids amino

Waxay keeni guryaha kiimikada ee borotiin ah. Waxaa jira 20 acids amino waaweyn samaynta ilaa polypeptides ee isku xigxiga oo kala duwan. Tani waxay sidoo kale waa in loo gudbiyaa acid aminocarboxylic dhif in hydroxyproline foomka iyo hydroxylysine dheefay peptide aasaasiga ah.

Oo calaamad u ah dareen-celin protein ksantoproteinovaya aqoonsi, jiritaanka acids amino qaar ka bixisaa isbedel midab of reagents ah, soo jeediyay in jiritaanka qaabab gaar ah in ay ka kooban.

Sida ka leexatay, inay yihiin acids carboxylic in ay dhaceen bedelay eb hydrogen on group amino ah.

Tusaale qaab dhismeedka An ee Britain ayaa u adeegaan a formula dhismaha glycine (HNH- HCH- COOH) sida amino acid fudud.

Xaaladdan oo kale mid ka mid ah hydrogens ee CH ₂ - in la bedelay laga yaabaa in ay carbon dheer xagjirka ah oo ka kooban a giraanta benzene, amino, sulfo, carboxy.

Waa maxay macnaha reaction ksantoproteinovaya

Waayo, falanqaynta tayo borotiinada isticmaalaya farsamooyin kala duwan. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid falcelin:

• biuret leh muuqaalka kore ee midabka buluug,
• ninhydrin si ay u sameeyaan xal buluug-buluug ah;
• formaldehyde la aasaaso midabka cas,
• Nogier in ay soo dadajin midabka cirro-madow.

In fuliyaan hab kasta oo cadeeyay jiritaanka borotiinada iyo joogitaanka kooxaha functional qaarkood ay Britain.

Waxaa ksantoproteinovaya reaction in borotiinka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan burburka Mulder. Waxaa loola jeedaa in dareen diidmo oo midabka ah ee brotiin, taas oo ay jiraan acids amino leedahay beduliyum iyo heterocyclic.

feature A geedi socodka sida tusaale ah waa nitration nitric acid harta xilliile amino acid gaar ahaan goysiga ah ee group Nitro si giraanta benzene ah.

Natiijada habkan waa formation of xeryahooda Nitro, oo aloosnayd. Tani waa fal-celin ksantoproteinovaya feature aasaasiga ah.

Maxaa ka go'an acid amino ah

Ma aha oo dhan acid aminocarboxylic waxaa lagu ogaan karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo saamiga noocan oo kale ah. feature ugu weyn ee dareen-celin la ogaado protein ksantoproteinovaya - joogitaanka of giraan benzene ama giraanta heterocyclic ee acids amino Britain.

Maxaa yeelay, protein la karantiilo acids aminocarboxylic laba leedahay beduliyum, taas oo ay jirto koox phenyl (waayo, phenylalanine), iyo hydroxyphenyl a xagjirka ah (in tyrosine).

Iyada oo reaction ksantoproteinovaya la go'aamiyo heterocyclic tryptophan acid amino, indole isagoo xuduntii ah leedahay beduliyum. Joogitaanka oo ka mid ah xarumaha kor ku xusan in borotiinka ku siinayaa isbedelka midabka caan deegaanka imtixaanka.

Maxaa isticmaalka reagents

Waayo, fulinta falcelinta baahan ksantoproteinovaya si ay u diyaariyaan xal 1% ka mid ah borotiinka ukunta, ama asal qudaar ah.

Sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo ukunta, kuwaas oo u qaybsan yahay kala dheeraad ah protein ka dheefta. Waayo, xal 1% oo ah protein ah ayaa la badhxay in lacagta uducaynaya inuu biyo ku daahir ah. Ka dib markii la isfuro dareeraha protein keentay waa in la sifeeyo iyada oo dhowr lakab oo cheesecloth. xal Tani waa in lagu kaydiyaa meel qabow.

Waxaa suurto gal ah si ay u fuliyaan falcelinta la borotiinka khudaarta ah. Si aad u diyaariso xal loo isticmaalo burka qadarkuu of 0.04 kg. 0,16 l oo biyo ah ku daahir. maaddooyinka ayaa lagu daray in sibraar oo ku xidhan yahay 24 saacadood meel qabow oo heerkulka ah oo ku saabsan + 1 ° C. Dhammaadka maalinta xal waa kacsanayd, raaceen by sifeynta dhanba marka hore la suufka ka dibna - filter warqad duubnaadaan ah. dareeraha keentay waxaa loo hayaa meel qabow. xal Tani waa inta la joogo in jajab albumin ah.

Waayo, fulinta ksantoproteinovaya falcelinta sida reagent isticmaalo conc ugu weyn nitric acid. reagents dheeraad ah xal of 10% hydroxide sodium ama ammonia, xal gelatin iyo phenol unconcentrated.

Habka oo ka mid ah

In tube nadiif ah laga sameeyey 1% xal protein ukunta -th ama bur qadarkuu of 2 ml. Si taas waxaa lagu darayaa qiyaastii 9 dhibcood oo xoog nitric acid in flocculation joojiyay. Isku dar ah taasoo keentay waxaa loo kululayn jiray, taasoo keentay soo dadajin huruud ah si tartiib tartiib ah u baaba'aa iyo midabka galaa xal.

Marka dareeraha qaboobeyso hoos ku tuubada weheliyaan derbiga ku daray oo ku saabsan 9 dhibcood oo hydroxide sodium, urursan, taas oo ah xad-dhaaf ah, waayo, geedi socodka. dhexdhexaad dareen-celin uu noqdo xumadoodu. Content noqonayaa midabka orange in tube imtixaanka.

Features of

Tan iyo ksantoproteinovaya yeedhay reaction tayo in nitric acid by tallaabada ee borotiin ah, tijaabada waxaa la sameeyaa hoos ka mid yihi buurka. Dhawra oo dhan tallaabooyinka nabadgelyo marka la maaddo kullul u xoog shaqada.

sii daayo waxa ku jira ka soo tuubada laga yaabaa inuu dhaco inta lagu jiro nidaamka kulaylinta ay tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la diyaariyo ee haysta iyo xulashada rabitaan ah.

Garaacaysaa of acid nitric xoog iyo Soodhaha waa in la isticmaalayo kaliya mikaraskoob mikaraskoob dhalooyinka iyo baaraha caag ah mamnuuc by afka.

reaction Qaraabo la phenol

Waayo, Hufnaan, geeddi-socodka iyo xaqiiqaynta joogitaanka kooxaha phenyl ah waa la fuliyay la hydroxybenzene ah saamiga la mid ah.

Tuubada samaynta 2 mL of phenol qasi jiray, ka dibna si tartiib tartiib ah ay weheliyaan derbiga, ayaa lagu daray 2 ml of xoog nitric acid. Xalka waxaa la hoos geliyey kulaylinta, dheehan waxa uu noqonayaa huruud ah. reaction Tani waa tayada joogitaanka giraanta benzene ah.

hydroxybenzene Hab-nitrated la acid nitric raacay by formation of isku dar ah ee p-nitrophenol iyo o-nitrophenol in boqolkiiba 15 ilaa 35.

imtixaanka la barbardhigo gelatin

Si aad u cadeeyo in uu cadaanyo ksantoproteinovaya in borotiinka waxyooday acid amino la dhismeedka leedahay beduliyum, isticmaali borotiinada in aadan haysan kooxda phenolic ah.

In tube nadiif ah laga sameeyey 1% xal gelatin qadarkuu of 2 ml. Si taas waxaa lagu darayaa qiyaastii 9 dhibcood oo xoog nitric acid. Isku dar ah taasoo keentay waa kuleelka. Xalka ahaa oo aan midab leh ee jaalaha ah, taas oo daliil u maqan yahay acids amino la dhisme leedahay beduliyum. Mararka qaarkood waxaa jira hurdi yar ee deegaanka ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka nijaasta protein.

isleegyo kiimikada

In laba reaction tallaabada waddaa borotiinada ksantoproteinovaya. Formula horeysay habka nitration stage qeexayaa taagoo acid amino acid isticmaalaya xoog nitric.

Tusaale waxaa ah lifaaqa ah ee group Nitro si tyrosine ah si ay u sameeyaan nitrotyrosine iyo dinitrotirozina. In kiiska ugu horeeyay ee giraanta benzene waxaa ku lifaaqan mid NO ₂ -radical, iyo xarunta labaad waxay leeyihiin laba atamka hydrogen lagu bedelay NO _2. reaction tyrosine ksantoproteinovaya formula Chemical wakiil reaction la nitric acid si ay u sameeyaan Britain nitrotyrosine.

habka Nitration waxaa ku weheliyay guurka midabaynta Biyuhu qarsan ee jaalaha ah. In fulinta fal-celin la borotiinada ku jirto acid amino ku harta phenylalanine ama tryptophan, iyo midab of isbedel xalka.

Tallaabada labaad waa wax soo saarka reaction of nitration ee u taagoo tyrosine, gaar ahaan nitrotyrosine, la ammonium ama hydroxide sodium. Natiijadu waxay tahay sodium ama ammonium cusbo ah oo midab jaalle ah-orange ah. reaction noocan oo kale ah waxaa la xiriira suuragalnimada in u taagoo nitrotyrosine guuraan qaab quinoid. Ka dibna waxa cusbo sameeyay xaggeeda acid nitronic, taas oo uu leeyahay nidaamka quinone silsilado double conjugated ah.

Sayidka dhamaado reaction ksantoproteinovaya borotiinka. isla'egta soo bandhigay kor tallaabada labaad.

natiijooyinka

Inta lagu guda jiro falanqaynta dareere ku jira saddex tuubooyinka, xal tixraaca waxaa qasi jiray phenol. Muqaadaraadka kaatunka benzene ah siin reaction tayo leh nitric acid. Sidaas darteed, waxa badala midabka ah ee xalka.

Sida la og yahay, gelatin ka kooban yahay nooc ka mid ah hydrolyzed of collagen. protein kuma jiraan qaab dhismeedka leedahay beduliyum of acids amino ah. No isbedelka midabka ah ee dhexdhexaad ah by reaction la acid ah.

In tube saddexaad imtixaanka waxaa waxyeello ka wanaagsan in ksantoproteinovaya borotiinada. Gunaanad waxaa loo qeybin karaa sida soo socota: oo dhan borotiinka leh qaab-dhismeedka leedahay beduliyum, hadduu yahay koox phenyl ama giraan ah indole, siiyey isbedelka midabka ah ee xalka. Tan waxa u sabab formation of xeryahooda Nitro leh midab huruud ah.

Hirgalinta reaction midab daliil u joogitaanka dhismeedka kiimikada kala duwan ee acids amino iyo borotiinada. gelatin TUSAALE muujinaysaa in ay ka kooban waxaa ka mid ah acid aminocarboxylic aan lahayn group phenyl ama qaab xilliile ah.

Iyada oo reaction ksantoproteinovaya waxaa lagu sharaxi karaa maqaarka oo hurdi marka codsatay in ay a nitric acid xoog leh. midab isku mid noqon doona caano frothy inta lagu guda jiro falanqaynta iyada la mid ah.

In nidaamka bukaan eegida shaybaarka muunad midabka this aan la isticmaalo ogaanshaha ee borotiin laga helo kaadida. Tan waxa u sabab midabka hurdiga ah ee kaadida laftiisa.

reaction Ksantoproteinovaya noqday sii kordhaysa ee loo isticmaalo quantification ee acids amino sida tryptophan iyo tyrosine, oo qayb ka ah borotiinada kala duwan.