Waa maxay IOC? Guddiga Olympic International: Calanka, maalgelinta, guddiyada, guddiyada iyo qaab-dhismeedka

Waa maxay IOC? Guddiga Caalamiga Olympic (IOC) - an aan faa'iido-ururka caalamiga ah ee aan dawliga ahayn ku salaysan ee Lausanne (Switzerland). Waxa la abuuray by Pierre de Coubertin, June 23, 1894, oo ay Madaxweynaha kowaad wuxuu ahaa Dimitri Vikelas. Si aad u taariikhda, waxay ka kooban yahay 100 xubnood oo firfircoon, 32 xubno sharaf ah iyo 1 xubin sharaf. Guddiga waa hay'adda ugu wayn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Olympic dunida casriga ah.

Waa maxay IOC?

Guddiga Olambikada Adduunka ayaa abaabusha Ciyaaraha Olympic Games iyo Olympic Youth meesha casriga qaadashada xagaaga iyo afar sano oo kasta xilliga qaboobaha. The ugu horeysay ciyaaraha Olympic, by IOC u abaabulan, ciyaaraha Olimbikada ee lagu qabtay dalka, ee Athens, in 1896. Winter Olympics markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda aadanaha (ee Giriigii hore aan lagu qaban Winter Games) ee lagu qabtay 1924 ee Chamonix, ee waqooyiga France. Ilaa 1992, waxay labada Games ayaa lagu qabtay isla sanadkaas. Guddiga ayaa markaas u dhaqaaqay Ciyaaraha Winter Olympic ee xitaa sano ee u dhexeeya xagaaga si ay u caawiyaan qabanqaabiyeyaasha labada dhacdooyin isku xirka ay falsayeen iyo ma faragelin kasta oo kale, sidoo kale si loo hagaajiyo xaalada maaliyadeed ee ka IOC, oo dakhli badan oo sanadihii Olympic. Games The ugu horeysay Summer Youth Olympic ayaa lagu qabtay Singapore ee 2010, iyo jiilaalka ugu horeysay - in Innsbruck ee 2012.

Waa maxay calanka of guddida olombiga caalamiga ah?

calanka IOC waa isku darka shan siddo (saddex on top iyo laba hoose). Way isku maran yihiin. Giraan kastaa waxay leedahay midab gaar ah: buluug, madow, casaan, huruud iyo cagaar. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah wakiil shanta qaaradood ee Dhulka. calanka IOC ayaa asal cad.

IOC Mission

Hawlgalka guddida olombiga caalamiga ah, iyadoo la raacayo waraaqaha ay charter, waa in la horumariyo ciyaartoyda Olympic adduunka oo dhan oo kor u Movement Olympic. Waa in uu sameeyo waxa soo socda:

• joogteeyo horumarka dhamaystiran iyo nidaamka cayaaraha adduunka, waxa ay kor u qaadaan oo dhan caalamka;
• siiyaan ciyaaraha iyadoo la raacayo jadwalka go'an;
• iskaashi la yeesho ururada dadweynaha ama kuwa gaarka karti iyo maamulka;
• dagaal ka dhan ah isku day kasta oo la sameeyey lagu magac-dilayo Movement Olympic;
• la dagaalanka takoorka ka dhanka ah haweenka ee cayaaraha dunida, ilaaliyo sinaanta ragga iyo dumarka.

IOC

Kulanka guddida olombiga caalamiga ah - waa ururka ugu weyn ee jirka maamulka wadareed. Waxay si socday sanadkiiba hal mar. Fulinta xeerka sinnaanta of votes, taas oo qof kasta uu leeyahay hal cod oo keliya. xarunta IOC ee Lausanne, waa goobta rasmiga ah ee casharka.

Kalfadhiga aan caadiga ahayan, waxaa loogu yeedhi laga yaabaa in sidoo kale madaxweynaha ama 1/3 tirada guud ee xubnaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Regulation wuxuu dhigayaa in go'aanka ah IOC in ay sidoo kale marar badan oo aan loo baahnayn qaado.

Waxyaabaha kale, fadhiga IOC wuxuu xaq u:

• anfaco ama ka beddelidda Axdiga Olympic.
• doortaan xubnaha IOC, Madaxweynaha sharafeedka iyo Xubno sharafku.
• Goluhu wuxuu dooranayaa Madaxweynaha, Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha iyo dhamaan xubnaha kale ee Guddiga Fulinta ee IOC.
• doortaan magaalada ciidanka Olympic Games ee.

sharaf

Waxa intaa dheer in tartamaya biladood oo Olympic ayaa la soo socda abaalmarinta IOC:

1. Trophy Madaxweynaha IOC. Kala duwanaan ugu sareeya abaal by ciyaartoyda kuwaas oo si fiican ay cayaaraha, lahaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed aan caadi ahayn oo saamayn fiican ku saabsan isboortiga.

2. bilad Pierre de Coubertin. Siiyay ciyaaraha fudud kuwaas oo muujiyaan ruux gaarka ah ee cayaaraha Olombikada. Dad badan oo hore u maleeyeen in sababtoo ah IOC waxaa si rasmi ah isku magacaabaya biladood oo Olympic, laakiin ma aha.

3. Olympic Cup. Siiyay hay'adaha ama ururada muujinaysa mudnaanta iyo ku biirinta horumarinta firfircoon ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Olympic.

4. Order Olympic. Siiyay shakhsiyaadka ee kaalin fiican u dhaq-dhaqaaqa Olympic. Waxa uu bedelay Certificate Olympic hore ee jira.

Xubin ka IOC

Sanado badan, dalka laga sameeyay qaab-dhismeedka oo dhan IOC, laba xubnood oo si IOC soo diray. Later, si ay bilaabeen inay si tartiib tartiib ah u beddeli. Sidaas darteed, aasaaskuna wuxuu ahaa dhismaha guddiyada doorashada oo ka mid ah dalalka ka soo jeedaan ka xubnahooda dhexdooda ah.

Joojinta xubin

Xubin ka IOC ka joojiyo in arrimaha soo socda:

1. Iscasilaadda. xubin IOC joojin laga yaabaa in awoodaha uu isagoo siiya ogaysiis qoraal ah oo is casilaada Madaxweynaha.

2. Maqnaanshaha dib-u-doorashada. xubin IOC joogsanayo si ay u noqdaan, iyada oo aan rasmi ahaan dheeraad ah haddii uu ma dib loo doortay.

3. In la gaaro da'da ugu badnaan. xubin IOC joogsanayo awoodaha dhamaadka sanadka, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo gaadhay da'da 80.

4. Diidmada ay ka qayb qaataan fadhiyada laba sano oo isku xigta.

5. Beddel deegaanka ama dhalashada.

6. dadka ayaa loo doortay ciyaartoyda firfircoon joojiyaan in ay noqon xubnaha Komishanka Athletes IOC ', marka fariistay.

7. Madaxweynaha IOC iyo jagooyinka sare ee maamulka gudahood ay iswaydaarsan doonaan, dunida ama ururada qaaradda ee ay iswaydaarsan doonaan, IFS iyo wixii la mid ah, in ay joojiyaan awoodaha ay aqoonsan by go'aanka IOC.

8. Waxa reebban: xubin IOC laga eryayaa by go'aan casharka haddii uu qiyaamay uu dhaar ama haddii Kulanka arko in uu dayacay danaha IOC ama si ula kac ah waxay ka dhigtaa khatar ah, ama u dhaqmeen si waafaqsan in tahay mid aan habooneyn, waayo, xubin ka mid ah IOC.

maalgelinta IOC

In hore ee 1980 ayaa kulan Olympic waxa ay inta badan ku xiran yahay dakhliga ka il keli ah - heshiisyada la shirkadaha telefishanka Maraykanka u baahin Olympic Games. doorashada Madaxweynaha IOC ee 1980 ka dib markii, Juan Antonio Samaranch ayaa aqoonsan nuglaanta this, iyo iyaga oo la tashanaya Horst Dassler, xubin Adidas ee qoyska, go'aansaday in aan bilowno ah barnaamijyada suuq caalamiga ah ee IOC. Samaranch magacaabay Richarda Paunda Guddoomiyaha xubin IOC Canadian Komishanka IOC "ilo New Maaliyadda."

In 1982, shirkadda Swiss on shirkadda marketing sports ISL Suuq ayaa sameeyay barnaamij suuq caalamiga ah ee IOC ee Movement Olympic. ISL ayaa si guul leh horumariyo barnaamijka, laakiin lagu bedelay shirkadda maamulka a Meridian, taas oo ay qayb ahaan leedahay IOC tan iyo horraantii 1990.

In 1989 mid ka mid ah shaqaalaha ISL Suuq Maykl Peyn biiray IOC, waxayna Noqdeen agaasimaha ugu horeeya ee marketing ururka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ISL oo markii danbe Meridian ahaatee door muhiim ah in la kordhiyo tirada Iibka iyo suuq 2002 wakiilada. Waayo, 17 sano, iyadoo la kaashanaysa ISL oo markii danbe la Meridian ee, Payne kaalin weyn abuurka barnaamijka Balaayiin Dollar ah marketing xayaysiinta, taas oo, ay la socdaan horumar ah ee suuq-TV iyo in la wanaajiyo maareynta maaliyadda, ayaa ka caawiyay in ay soo celiso meelmar ah maaliyadeed ee IOC. Olympics bilaabeen inay soo noqoto weyn. Sannadkii 2002, Guddiga si loo soo afjaro xiriirka la Meridian iyo madax barnaamijka marketing ay iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee Timo Lummen, Maaraynta adeegyada Agaasimaha Suuq.

dakhliga ku soo gala

Dhaqdhaqaaqa Olympic helo dakhliga iyada oo shan barnaamijyo waaweyn. Guddiga Olympic Caalamiga ah (IOC) ayaa maamusha iskaashiga warbaahinta iyo Barnaamijka Adduunka ee xayaysiinta ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Olympic. Guddiga abaabulka maamulka maal-dhuleedka, iibka tigidhada iyo barnaamijyada licensing ee dalka martida loo yahay ayaa sidoo kale hoos imaanaya hoggaanka IOC. Olympics helo dakhliga guud ee ka badan $ 4 bilyan. Record in muddooyinka ku meel gaarka ah - 2.5 bilyan oo doolar oo dakhli ah inta lagu jiro mudada afarta sano Olympic 2001 ilaa 2004. Way adag tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin in uu yahay IOC helo muddo 4 sano ah, laakiin ay suuq ma keeno faa'iidooyin muhiim ah.

dakhliga qaybinta

IOC qoondaysaa qayb ka mid ah dakhliga oo ka mid ah ururada oo dhan Olympic Movement si ay u taageerto diyaarinta iyo qabashada ciyaaraha Olimbikada iyo si kor loogu qaado horumarinta isboortiga caalamka oo dhan. Guddiga Olambikada Adduunka xajisto oo ku saabsan 10% dakhligii ka soo marketing Olympic si ay kharashka hawl iyo maamulka.

Guddiyada Olympic Qaranka

Iswaydaarsan doonaan helaan taageero dhaqaale ee tababarka iyo horumarinta ee kooxaha Olympic, ciyaartoyda Olympic iyo ciyaartoyda mustaqbalka. Ururku waxa uu u qaybiyaa dakhliyada ee u dhaxeeya Guddiyada adduunka oo dhan. Guddiga ayaa sidoo kale ku kordhinaya baahinta Olympic, horumarinta Olympic Solidarity, iyo sidoo kale mashaariic kale Olympic, lagu gartaa baahida ugu weyn maalgelinta.

guul marketing Olympic oo soo gunaanaday heshiis ku saabsan baahinta Olympic ayaa loo ogol yahay ururka si ay u bixiyaan taageero la kordhiyey ay iswaydaarsan la mid kasta oo wareegga quadrennial Olympic.

International Olympic Sports Federations (IFS)

IOC hadda waa isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga ugu badan ee IFS ayaa, sida uu ku soo biiriyo dakhliga ururka oo dhan MSF waxay ka caawisaa in horumarinta ciyaaraha kala duwan ee dunida oo dhan. IOC waxay bixisaa taageero dhaqaale, laga bilaabo 28 IFS ee ciyaaraha xagaaga Olympic iyo soo afjaridda 7 IFS isboortiga qaboobaha Olympic (ay bilowdo, siday u kala horreeyaan, marka la dhameystiro wareegga xiga ee xagaaga iyo jiilaalka Olympic Games). The mar walba sii koraya qiimaha Olympic iskaashi warbaahinta ayaa u ogolaaday IOC in ay kordhiyaan taageerada maaliyadeed si IFS ayaa la Games kasta oo isku xigta.

ururada kale

Ururku waxa uu kor u qaadaa ka qaybgalka dakhliga ay barnaamijyada ururada kala duwan ee la aqoonsan yahay heerka caalami ee isboortiga, ay ka mid yihiin Guddiga Paralympic caalamka iyo World la dagaalanka daroogada Agency (wada). Xaaladaha intooda badan waxay ku shaqeeyaan oo isku jiho ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee ay dhacdo iyo isku dhacyada. Tusaale ahaan, faraqa u dhaxeeya wada iyo IOC ay ka gaareen gelitaanka ee kooxda reer Russia ee Olympics-2016 (waa lagu hoos looga hadli doonaa).

Damaanadqaadayaasha

IOC ayaa tiro badan oo ah deeq-bixiyeyaasha, kuwaas oo sidoo kale bixin, qofka baniadamka ah, urur dakhli dheeraad ah. Waxaa ka mid ah ugu caansan waa:

• "Coca-Cola";
• "Bridgestone";
• "General Electric";
• "McDonald ee";
• "Panasonic";
• "Procter & Gamble";
• "Samsung";
• "Toyota";
• "Visa".

Sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah xayaysiin uu ka yimaado taageerada Guddiyada Qaranka ee Olympic.

Goobta Olympic Games 1976

Markii hore in la qabto 1976 Olympics ayaa sheegay magaalooyinka soo socda:

1. Denver, Colorado, USA.

2. Sion, Switzerland.

3. Tampere, Finland.

4. Vancouver, Canada.

Markii hore, magaalada Games la doortay Denver May 12, 1970. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, anigoo goor kharashka iyo walwal ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka deegaanka (sii xumaanaysa ee iyada xaalad 3 jeer) keentay in xaqiiqda ah in November 7, 1972 dadka degan gobolka ayaa u codeeyay in ay ka tanaasulaan ciyaaraha, sababtoo ah haddii kale arrinta loo baahan yahay bond in qadarka $ 5 milyan maalgelinta hantidii dadweynaha.

Denver ayaa si rasmi ah u diiday in ay November 15, iyo Guddiga ka dibna soo jeediyay kulan uu Whistler (British Columbia, Canada), laakiin sidoo kale ay diideen sababta oo ah isbedel dawladda doorashada ka dib.

Salt Lake City (Utah) 1972 isugu bixiyey sidii ciidan iman kara ee ciyaaraha ka dib markii ay diideen in ay Denver (in dhamaadka, sida aynu ognahay, oo waxay qaateen Games ee 2002). Guddiga Olambikada Adduunka, ayaa weli la tiicaysa dhawr failure ee Denver, waxaan doortay Innsbruck (Austria) ee ciyaaraha Olympic Winter ee 1976. Ka hor inta in Innsbruck ayaa marti 1964 Olympic Games Winter.

fadeexad la Olympic Games 2002 ee Salt Lake City

Fadeexad December 10, 1998, markii xubin Swiss ee ururka Marc Hodler, madaxa guddiga joogtada ee kormeerka ururka ee Olympic Games-2002, ku dhawaaqay in dhowr xubnood IOC intay laaluush qaateen. Si dhakhso ah, afar baaritaan madax bannaan lagu fuliyay by ururada kala duwan, ee IOC, USOC ah, US Department of Justice.

Ka hor inta madaxda baaraya Oxley Welch iyo Johnson iska casilay. Xubno badan oo kale oo IOC ugu dhakhsaha badan raaceen. The Ministry of Justice ayaa xareeyay madaxda eedeeyay, inay doonayeen inay ku siiyaan mid kasta oo ka mid ah shan iyo toban sannadood oo lagu eedeeyay laaluush iyo musuqmaasuq. Johnson iyo Welch ayaa ugu danbeyn lagu waayay dhammaan eedihii dembiyeed bishii December 2003.

Natiijada baaritaanka toban xubnaha IOC hijrooday iyo toban kale waxaa la soo dersay cunaqabatayn kala duwan. Waxa ay ahayd marka laga reebo ugu horeysay ama qabateyn looga soo oogo musuqmaasuq muddo ka badan boqol sano jiritaanka guddiga. Inkasta oo waxba si adag sharci-darrada ah lagu samayn lahaa, waxaa la dareemay in laaluush qaadan jiray damiir su'aal. xeerar adag ayaa lagu qaatay codsiyada mustaqbalka, iyo muujinayo xubno badan IOC aqbali karin dalab ciyaaraha.

burinaya kale

Sannadkii 2006, sida lagu sheegay warbixinta ka mid ah oo ahaa taliyihii Nagano (Japan), malaayiin doollar loo qoondeeyay Olympics, ayaa la qaatay oo ah qaab "heerka sharci-darrada ah iyo xad-dhaafka ah hoteelada" in ay xubno ka mid ah Guddiga, oo ay ku jirto $ 4.4 million oo ka mid ah loogu talagalay madadaalada. Taasi waxaa xigay baaritaan iyo casaankii of tiro ka mid ah Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah.

kooxo badan oo caalami ah soo horjeeda Olympics ee Beijing, waxaa xaq by xaqiiqada ah in dalka uu leeyahay xadgudubyo aad u badan oo xuquuqda aadanaha. About sheegashada, kuwaas oo lagu qabtay dhageysiga badan, laakiin uu ugu danbeyn ka sheegay in ciyaaraha Olimbikada ee 2008 lagu qaban doono magaalada Beijing.

Sannadkii 2010, Guddiga Olympic International waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta gaar ah. Waxaa la siiyay iyo shirkadaha "karaahiyada ah" ugu xumaa dunida ku baahsan.

Ka hor inta uusan bilaaban ciyaaraha Olimbikada ee 2012, guddiga aan go'aansaday in la qabto daqiiqo oo aamusnaan ah si loo sharfo xusuusta 11 Olambikada Israel kuwaas oo ay ku dhinteen in Olympics Munich 40 sano ka hor. Zhak Rogge, Madaxweynaha IOC waqtiga, ayaa sheegay in waxa uu noqon lahaa "aan habboonayn" loo sameeyo, kaas oo sababay resonance ballaaran dadweynaha.

fadeexad ay qorayeen

Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo ay sabab u fadeexadii si fiican u yaqaan ay qorayeen in July 2016 on natiijooyinka daraasaadka of World la dagaalanka daroogada Ururka, warbixinta ardayba, American iyo wariye McLaren, sidoo kale go'aannada by Xalinta Maxkamadda Sports ka dhigay, go'aanka IOC ee xulka qaranka Ruushka ku dhawaad ayaa laga saaray ciyaaraha Olympic ee Rio de -Zhaneyro. shirka IOC ee Lausanne halaagsameen loo bandhigi shuruudaha adag ee gelitaanka reer Russia ee Olympics iyo ciyaartoyda ku jiray oo dhan meesha ka saaray kooxda oo dhan, kuwa qaaday daroogada, iyo kuwa aan ku lug leh arrimaha oo dhan.