Waa maxay histogaraam ah? Histogaraam in Sawir: Sida loo isticmaalo?

sawir badan oo laylis wajahnay adag isticmaalka histogaraam ee sawir, iyo qaar ka mid ah ha ka fiirsan waxa loo baahan yahay si ay u codsan. Waa maxay histogaraam ka mid ah sida ay u shaqayso ku dhaqanka, xirfadlayaasha, iyo in siinayaa sawir ah? Sidee fiican si ay u qabsato - iyada oo camera laftiisa ama danbe ee processing ee sawirka via Tifaftiraha? Maxay waa in ay ogaadaan sawir-gaadhista, ka duwan, iftiinka iyo hooska iyo qiyamka kale ee muhiimka ah ee sawirrada? Badan oo ku saabsan in maqaalka.

Waa maxay?

Sayidka, histogaraam ah - waa maxay? Marar badan, qaar ka mid ah la sawirayo Panorama ama sawirka, kuu soo gudbin sawiro si aad computer iyo yaabay sababta noocan oo kale ah ay ka buuxaan dhalaalaya maalintii ay aad u madow ama, taas bedelkeeda, overexposed? Xakamee dhalaalka image shaashadda yar ee camera "isha" waa ay adag tahay, laakiin ay ula qabsadaan heerka si mug leh ay suurtagal tahay. photo histogaraam - taasi waa aalad in ay muujinaysaa qaybinta metrik iftiinka iyo mugdiga sawirka iyo u ogolaanaya inay ka gaaro qaybinta direyska.

Waxaa jira dhawr nooc oo ah histogaraam in kamaradaha - la Wehliyaha a siman, la tiirarkeedii, oo leh midabka iyo horizontal madow iyo caddaan. The ugu caansan - foomka of dawan. Laakiin mabda'a of tallaabo iyada waa isku mid u ah oo dhan - garaaf muujinaya dhalaalka image ka metrik lood (bidix) ilaa nuurka (midig).

Ka hor inta aadan fahmin sida loo akhriyo histogaraam ah in sawir, sida loo isticmaalo qiimaha ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa 255, aynu ogaato opinion ee sawir xirfad iyo go'aan ka naftaada in ay tahay for images oo tayo sare leh, ama aad samayn karto oo aan u baahan yahay.

Beenta iyo qalad ah oo ku saabsan histogaraam ah

Waxaa jira wax badan oo ka mid ah dood ku saabsan haddii ay u isticmaalaan jadwalka dhalaalka ama ma. Si taas loo fahmo, waxaan debunk qaar ka mid ah sheekooyin ku saabsan sida iyo goorta la isticmaali histogaraam ah camera ah.

• sawir Professional ogaado dheelitirka ee iftiinka iyo hooska "by isha", halkii ay ku tiirsan processor camera ah.
• Iyada oo ku xidhan heerka camera soo bandhigay xog noqon kartaa khalad.
• Photo ma noqon baahan dhammaataan bakhtiyeen by-gaadhista, mararka qaarkood overexposure ama madoobaato waa qayb ka mid ah fikrado hal abuur leh.
• Photo histogaraam, sida caadiga ah oo kaliya loo isticmaalo sawir madow iyo caddaan.
• Professionals inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin ka baaraandegidda ka images cayriin ee barnaamijka Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Lightroom iyo qaar ka mid ah correctors kale.

In xidhiidh la leh opinion this on isticmaalka garaafyada u qaybsan yihiin "waayo" iyo "ka dhan ah."

Opinion "ka dhan ah"

Professionals la il farsameeyo dhif ah isticmaasho jadwalka this sida ay tahay waqti iyo had iyo jeer ma keeni in natiijada la rabay. Wixii bilow ah iyo ma waxa aad u adag si ay u tagaan si ay u akhriyaan una fahmaan in jihada in la beddelo qiimaha Electricity-ka, weliba, qaar ka mid ah qiimaha khalad marka la sawirayo waa ay adag tahay in la saxo, xataa haddii la saxo dheeraad ah.

kaamirooyinka oo dhan ma aha, oo kaliya xirfadle ku siin karaan a qiimaha runta ah saxda ah ee iftiinka iyo hooska, laakiin waxa laga yaabaa khalad ah. Weli ka dib waxay yeelan doonaan si ay ula qabsadaan tafatirayaasha sawirka Photoshop iyo Lightroom, sidaas histogaraam shaqeeyaan qaadan oo keliya waqtiga qiimo leh.

Opinion "for"

Maxay yihiin faa'iidooyinka sugan kuwa Cilmiga leh waxa histogaraam ah?

• Xitaa haddii aad tahay sawir xirfadle, kana dayi wax labaad ee shaxda kuu sheegi doonaa sida sawirka marka la eego codadka kala guurka hodan. Gaar ahaan in kamaradaha badan digital, waxaad keeni kartaa xaq u soo bandhigay oo u jeelan isaga, oo aan ka soo habka hal abuur raadinaya.
• Haddii toogashada ma aha qolka (tusaale ahaan, studio a iyo sidoo kale-shiday), iyo maalin qoraxdu seeraha, sawir qaade ka adkaan doontaa in ay ujeeddo leedahay qiimeyn sawirka shaashadda, in ay tahay. Si aad u Wuxuu u dhalaali kara iyo muujiyaan midabada waxaa lagu dheeraad ah oo ku yaraaday badan run ahaantii ay yihiin. . Habeenkii cimilada, on lid ku ah, image waxaa laga yaabaa in xeelad dhalaalaya. Sidoo kale shaashadda waa ay adag tahay in ay aqbalaan saxnaanta madow iyo caddaan iyo ma fududa in la ogaado meelaha lagu "dilay" by la barbardhigo. Waxaa fiican inaad ku haboon qalab qiimeyn adag - histogaraam ah in sawir.
• Mararka qaarkood camera la soo xulay karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo histogaraam ah, waxa uu muujinayaa ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ahaa kala duwan ee firfircoon, E. ie. Sidee midabyada badnaa oo dabooli kara camera lagu jiro toogtay. Waxaa markasta suurtagal ma aha marka aad gadaneyso camera a in la qaato sawir muujinaya doonaa dhammaan midabada kala duwan ee caadiga ah ee 0-255.

Isku soo duuboo, waa ay ogaadaan in histogaraam ah in sawir, sida loo isticmaalo (codsiga wax ku ool ah) mar kasta muhiim ma aha in, laakiin ma aad u badan, sababtoo ah waxaa jira kiisas halkaas oo aan aqoon this ma samayn doonaan. Sidaas daraaddeed aynu bartaan akhriska iyo la dhaqan geliyaa.

Sida loo akhriyo histogaraam a

Sidaas daraaddeed, waa maxay histogaraam ah ee camera ah, iyo sababta loo baahan yahay, dabcan. Arag waxa ay u muuqataa sida garaafka. On dhidibka siman ka tagay si ay midabo midig ka madow (madow) si halftone ah (midabo dhexe oo dhalaalaysa) oo cad (dhalaalaya). dhidibka taagan muujinaysaa tirada pixels hadh kasta on image ah. Sidaas darteed, waxaan aad u hesho dhowr ulo gudban ka sameeyey meelaha kala duwan, sare bar ah, ayaa in ka badan iftiinka a. Ina keena aynu ku dhaqmaan.

underexposure

Underexposure ka dhigan tahay in jir noqon doonaa mid aad u madow. On shaxda histogaraam ah camera la wareejiyay bidixda. Maxaa la sameeyaa haddii ay taasi? Taas macnaheedu waa in midabka madow, waxyaabaha mugdiga ah, dhibco madow badan, oo waxaa jira ku dhawaad, iftiinku kuma jiro. Haddii tani ma aha fikrad ka si sawirro, oo aadan ku soo gani wax mugdi ah, galaan goobaha gaadhista iyo dar 1-2 tilmaamay ilaa (qiimaha 1.3, 1.7).

jir overexposed

Overexposure ayaa sheegay in soo horjeeda, in qaab dhismeedka soo baxay overexposed (wax badan oo iftiinka, biyaha, shakhi, barafka sawirka ku jira) ama aad la sawirayo (iftiinka) cad shay. Mar kale, haddii aan this waxaa bixiya sheekada, u tag-gaadhista iyo in la yareeyo qiimaha in 0.7.

The jir "xaq"

Hadda oo aad ogtahay waxa histogaraam ah ee camera ee goobaha gaadhista qaldan, eegto jir saxda ah ee qiimaha farqiga. Aragga, waxa ay u muuqataa sida Boa a cunay hat ah. Taas macnaheedu waa in oo hooskii iyo iftiinka ay joogaan iyo si sax ah loo xaqiijin, kolkaasuu ka adkaan in sawir ah semitone ah. jir Tani waxay u muuqataa mid ka duwan soo bandhiga, cad oo cad. Plus waxaa fududaan doonta in ay la tacaalaan.

sawir yar ka duwan

la'aanta ah ee meelaha iftiinka iyo mugdiga, in si kale loo dhigo, ka duwan waa sida soo socota. Jadwalka ama baararka ee xarunta iyo geesaha lahayn. Tani macnaheedu ma aha in qaab dhismeedka bandhigi by qaldan, laga yaabee fikrad this qoraaga, iyo sawirka waxaa aan ka hor imaanayn xubno waa in la joogo noqon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamiga this si fudud saxo inta lagu guda jiro processing xiga.

The danbow on garaafka

Laba danbow fiiqan at cidhifyada histogaraam ah. Waa maxay? Tani doorasho waxaa inta badan laga heli by qaadashada waxyaabaha la barbardhigo - dhulka cows gudcur ah, iyo Samada buluug cad, tusaale ahaan. uma baahna in ay qabsato gaadhista sida, ie. in. qiyamka kale ma tusi doonaa.

Toogtay oo muhiim ah sare

Noocan ah images laga helo marka toogtay midabyo - caddaan asalka, dhalaalaya Samada maalin qoraxdu, dharka Codka dhalaalaya. Histogaraam on images sida badan iska midig Socda, laakiin ma aha in qalad. photo waa dhalaalaya, daboolin oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si buuxda diirada ku saabsan mowduuca ee sawir - shayga ama qofka, iyada oo aan la wareeri by faahfaahin aan loo baahnayn.

Gaadhista ay dhacdo in this waxaa sida ugu wanaagsan uga tegey inay 1 m. Qiyamka K. Higher keeni overexposure. dhalaalka image horeba loo wanaajin karo inta lagu jiro processing.

Weli in yar yahay oo muhiim ah

Waxaa jira xaalad dambe, marka jadwalka la gabi ahaanba laga saaray - tusaale ahaan, nolol weli waa sawiro ku saabsan asalka madow. Sidoo kale waa in aan ka cabsan wareejin this, iyo dhammaan faahfaahinta, nuur iyo duwan horay beddelo habka of processing. By jidka, waxa ku saabsan.

Tafatirka format cayriin

Maxaa yeelay, in histogaraam ah in sawir sida - sida loo isticmaalo ee processing ee sawirka? sawir kasta waa in ay ogaadaan in sawir laga qaaday qaab cayriin badbaadiyay goobaha kuwaas oo waxaa la sameeyey. Sidaa darteed, iyadoo la kaashanayo saaxir Photoshop uu awood u leeyahay in la saxo qaladaad ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira subtleties qaar ka mid ah. Underexposure fudud si uu u xaliyo in gaadhista oo lagu daray ah, halka Light Waxyeello arin aysan suuragal ahayn. Sidaa darteed, xaaladdu waa fiican si looga hortago in Nuuri. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, hubi gaadhista, oo loox kasta sawir ka dib markii shaqada iyo sida loo isticmaalo iftiinka tilmaanta in goobaha kaamirada.

Sidee si ay ula histogaraam ee Lightroom shaqeeyaan

Maxaad isticmaali garaaf bar ah oo ku saabsan computer ka, haddii aad beddelo sawirka iyada oo camera lagu jiro toogashada? Waxay jeelyihiin in si fudud, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qiimeeyaan sida sawirka eegi doonaa on computer celcelis ahaan. Ka dib oo dhan, oo aad Mac-Beech waxay noqon kartaa kaamil ah, laakiin saaxiib ee laptop - gabi ahaanba mugdi ah, iyo saxaafadda iyo dadka kale oo dhan si aan, sida aad ka fili lahayd.

Lightroom histogaraam The aad ka heli kartaa dhammaan faahfaahinta buuxda oo ka mid ah hoosku, bedelkeeda, nuur iyo wixii la mid ah. N.

Sayidka, histogaraam ee sawir. Sida loo isticmaalo in processing ee sawirka? In barnaamijka waxa ay u muuqataa sida jadwalka qaansoroobaad. dhinaca midig, iyo sidoo kale in camera ah, mas'uul ka yahay nuurka, bidix ee - for hooska. cufnaanta ee midab gaar ah ayaa muujinaya danbow ka badan image fududee, sare waxay noqon doontaa pixels ku yaal dhinaca midig.

Tan ugu muhiimsan, waxa ay u raadiyaan daaweynta marka - khasaaradan iftiinka ama hooskii. Haddii laayeen mid ka mid ah dhinacyada ku jiro aan waxtar lahayn, ka dibna, sawirka ayaa laga badiyay faahfaahin qaar ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, timo madow biireen hal ama samada buluug caddaan.

Sida loo xaliyo? On shaxda waxaad ka heli doontaa laba saddexagal on midig iyo bidix. Haddii aad riix on bidixda, buluug ah sawirka lagu muujiyey khasaaraha in hoosku. Haddii aad riix xaq, khasaaraha la rinji cas doonaa.

Si aad u saxdo khasaaraha kuwan, Lightroom ayaa alaabtii badan ku yaalaan si toos ah hoos ku garaafka yihiin:

• buuxi iftiin,
• gaadhista;
• iska;
• hooskayga hadhsada;
• macaamiloon,
• baddalaan midabka iyo dadka kale qaar ka mid ah.

Tusaale ahaan, farqiga u caawin doonaa in la saxo jaantuska taas oo pixels oo dhan waxaa loogu talagalay sare ee hal jiho, sawir ayaa la barbardhigo ah mid aad u yar. Waxaa la mid ah ayaa la sheegay tuur dhexe. Laakiin danbow af badan labada dhinac shaxda soo jeedisay, on lid ku ah, farqiga u xad-dhaaf ah, in lahaa waxba kuma yeeli si hoose.

Sidee si ay ula histogaraam ee Photoshop shaqeeyaan

sawir Professional inta badan Lightroom isticmaalaan hagaajinta gaadhista iyo iftiinka iyo hooska, maxaa yeelay, barnaamijkan wax badan oo dhamaystiran iyo qalabka user-saaxiibtinimo. Laakiin sawirada la qabsado la fulin karo iyadoo la kaashanayo Photoshop. Halkan, histogaraam uu u muuqdo mid ku saabsan isku mid. Laakiin iyadoo la isticmaalayo "Photoshop" ku haboon si ay ula qabsadaan ratio xalinta iyo arrin si loo hubiyo dhalmo midabka si mug leh marka daabacaadda images. Sidoo kale, waxaa aad u habboon in la dalban filtarka si loo saxo cilladaha iyo wax ka beddelo heerarka photos.

Haddii aad saxdo iyo soo celinta sawirka jirka, Adobe Photoshop arki doonaa midabka saxda ah, taas oo noqon waa in xaqiiqada ah meesha ugu badato goobaha ama hooskii.

Sida loo furo histogaraam ee barnaamijkan? Tag tab "Image" ah, "Correction", "Heerarka". Waxaad arki doontaa garaafka madow iyo caddaan ah oo buur kala duwan ka soo 0 (madow buuxda) in 255 (iftiinka cad). Si aad u bedesho gaadhista, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u rogto strip ka hoose ee Wehliyaha ah, iyo sidoo kale calamado waayo, isaga qudhiisu jadwal.

Barashada adigoo samaynaya

Sharciga muhiimka ah, kuwaas oo kaa caawin doona inaad fahanto waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in histogaraam ee camera ah, - in ay ku dhaqmaan oo dheeraad ah, sawirro loo qaado la Electricity-gaadhista kala duwan, xaaladaha nalalka kala duwan oo ay si joogto ah u falanqeeyaan sanamyada keentay.

Qaado dhowr sawiro isku - mid saaxiibtinimo taasoo ka dhacday mid ka mid ah, ka kale ee 0.3, saddexaadna wuxuu u soo -0,7. Eeg faraqa u dhexeeya ay gaadhista. Isku day in ay u baddashaan hab kale toogashada. Sida waqtigan in la beddelo jadwalka?

Eeg Sawiradan isku iyadoo la kaashanayo tafatirayaasha graphic, wax arkin inay wax ku kala duwan yihiin sida ka camera. dhaqanka oo kaliya aad ugu wanaagsan ee la fahamka iyo baahida loo qabo in la isticmaalo histogaraam ka qaban karin.

halkii ay ka gunaanad

Dabcan, ma ahan oo keliya aqoon in histogaraam noocan oo kale ah, laakiin sidoo kale awood u leh inay si fiican u isticmaalaan iyo reserved waxay ka caawisaa in la sameeyo images si dhab ah xirfadeed iyo tayo sare leh. Laakiin xirfad iyo waxa uu ka kooban aqoon badan oo yar yar oo ku saabsan diiniga ah sawir.

Dabcan, qof kasta oo sawir qaade isha waa in ay ogaadaan shuruucda dhismaha Halabuurka guul, si ay u fahmaan waxa ay u baahan tahay goobaha ay gacanta ku qaarkood sida aperture, xawaaraha shutter, xallinta iyo autofocus, kala duwan oo firfircoon, xisaabinta si qoto dheer ee beerta oo dheeraad ah. Waxa uu u baahan yahay in la fahmo sida ay u eegi histogaraam saxda ah marka toogtay caadiga ah, hoose iyo kuwiinna sare-muhiimka ah, iyo marka khasaaraha iftiinka iyo hooska waxaa loo arkaa iska caadi ah. Halkee xaq u leeyihiin inay isticmaalaan goobaha in ay xoogga saaraan ka kooban, iyo meesha ay joogaan la'aanta sawirka? Halkee xaddi weyn oo madow ee ku yiilleen ka hortagtaa focus on shayga ugu muhiimsan ee sawir?

Mid ka mid ah wax waa hubaal, oo aan ogayn wixii histogaraam ah, aad noqon doontaa arrin ay adag tahay si uu u xaliyo goobaha for sawir kaamil ah. Iyo in la isticmaalo aqoonta this si joogto ah ama mararka qaarkood - aad doorato. caleemaha sawir aad Successful!