Waa maxay farqiga u deuterostome iyo protostomes xayawaanka

In ku tilmaamay horumarka noolaha inta badan ka heli kartaa ereyada "protostomes" iyo "xayawaanka deuterostome." Waxaa oo dhan multicellular jira marka laga reebo coelenterates, taas oo ku kala duwan yihiin heerka embriyaha.

Horumarinta chordates

Chordata wakiil saddex kooxood oo noolaha:

• tunicates ama lichinochnohordovymi (Tunicata, Urochordata), kaas oo ay leeyihiin jirka boorso, galkeeda ku duudduubay,
• bescherepnyh ama golovohordovymi (Acrania), oo ku nool badda moolkeeda xayawaan Kalluunka sida Immobile,
• vertebrates - wakiillo ka kalluunka, lafdhabarka, masaska, shimbiraha, xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka.

History ka soo jeedo ee chordates samreysa qarsoodiga oo sababa badan oo fikrado. Iyo in si gaar ah, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u fahmaan oo protostomes deuterostome iyo xayawaanka. Waxaa la og yahay in ka badan 500 oo milyan oo sano ka hor waxaa horay golovohordovye ahaayeen. Marxaladaha horaysa weli wax qarsoon waa sababta waxaa jira mala kala duwan oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee wax nool.

KOOBAN protostomes iyo xayawaanka deuterostome

Ma boqortooyada xoolaha multicellular. Protostomes iyo deuterostome - dhigtay awowayaashood, kuwaasoo si toos ah. tilmaamood ay Protostomia afka iyo Deuterostomia aasaasay on sifooyinka la xirrira afka uurjiifka ah. Marka hore waxaa la soo sameeyey furitaanka heer hoose mindhicirka (blastopore ah), kaas oo la sameeyay embriyaha. Shirka labaad ee - in blastopore isbeddesho deducing godka (futada), iyo afka waa la gooyay at meesha cusub.

Qoondaynta noolaha si labadeena symmetric

protostomes Deuterostome iyo xoolaha ay kala soocidda u gaar ah. By protostomes ka mid ah:

1. Shellfish.
2. Annelids.
3. Sipunculans - xayawaanka badda dixirigoodu-sida, kuwaas oo shaaca ka qaaday jiritaanka nidaam aasaasi wareegga dhiigga, nidaamka excretory iyo loop mindhicirka la futada ka dib.
4. Echiura - noolaha ku nool biyaha badda. Waxay leeyihiin jirka ah ee qaab cylindrical leh proboscis ah. Afkiisa waxaa ka dhanka ah xuubka hoose. From xubnaha kale ee ay kala duwanaayeen joogitaanka nidaamka wareegga dhiigga dhacsan iyo tube xiidmaha, oo dhamaado futada.
5. Pentastomida ama cawsduur, kuwaas oo invertebrate carrabka-dulinka dixirigoodu-sida la jirka yar, cayayaan la mid ah.
6. Onychophora ama pervichnotraheynyh - bandhigay by bahal jidhadhka on jidhka dheer oo ay jiraan ilaa 43 lammaane oo lugo yihiin.
7. Tardigrades - noolaha yar oo afar lammaane oo lugo.
8. Cayayaanka.

xayawaanka Deuterostome ama deyterostomy ka kooban noocyada soo socda ee xoolaha:

• chaetognaths;
• poluhordovym (nadkishechnodyshashie iyo krylozhabernye);
• echinoderms;
• Pogonophora;
• chordates;
• graptolites (minerals).

Marxaladaha horumarinta deytorostom aan la fahmi karin. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay horumar bilaabay xawayaanka multicellular aan midaysan yihiin protostomes. Qaar kale waxay aaminsan yihiin in awowayaashiin yihiin deuterostome Gooryaanka hoose, kuwaas oo loo qoondeeyey sida protostomes noocyada heer hoose ah.

Waa maxay farqiga u ka protostomes deuterostome

Waxa intaa dheer in la xirrira gacanka wakiil afka, iyo protostomes deuterostome xoolaha kala duwan yihiin tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka kale:

1. Waayo, tiro ka mid ah kooxihii ukunta: marka hore, waxay yihiin radial, by shucaaca si toos ah, iyo labaad - muquuninta (non-uniform).
2. Coeloms saareen hababka (afka): protostomes y horumarinta derbiyada sare ee godadka bilaabataa qeybinta unug, halka protrusions loo sameeyay ka mindhicirka deuterostome koley embriyaha.
3. Raacay by Bilowgii maskaxda: in protostomes - horumarineyso qaangaarnimada, iyo tan labaad - waa la dhimay oo la dhigay meel cusub.

Sidaa darteed deuterostome sidoo kale loo yaqaan dadkuba vtorichnomozgovymi.

Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan deuterostome iyo protostomes xoolaha leeyihiin awoowe caadi ah ku noolaa in ka badan 500 oo milyan oo sano ka hor badda Edikarskom. Habitat for xayawaan ahaa dhibkani talona, taas oo uu ku dhaqaaqay, shaqada cilia karbaash tuuray on caloosha, iyo quudin jiray iyada oo gacmahaaga in ururiyaa cuntada. Waxaa laga yaabaa in mar dambe progenitors jirka gadaal qayb deuterostome go'doonsan iyo waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qodo ee loogu talagalay lakabka precoat waqti.

protostomes Deuterostome iyo xayawaanka la mid ah ee horumarinta iyo qaab-dhismeedka jira. Laakiin sidoo kale ay soo bandhigaan tiro ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha, si kuwa raacsan ay ku kala duwan yihiin.