Unugyada macrophages. Waa maxay iyo waxa ay leeyihiin hawlaha

Maqaalkani waxa uu ka hadlayaa qaab formation of xasaanadda, i.e. guryaha ee jirka si ay u ilaaliyaan unugyada ay kula walxaha shisheeye (cudur) ama wareer ah (bakteeriyada iyo fayraska). Xasaanadda la abuuri karaa labo siyaabood. ugu horeeyay waxaa lagu magacaabaa humoral oo lagu gartaa qarniga borotiinada gaar ah difaaca - gamma-globulin, iyo tan labaad - unug, taas oo ku salaysan yahay arrin of phagocytosis. Waxaa sabab u formation ee xubnaha ka la xiriira hormoonada jidhka iyo nidaamka difaaca jirka, unugyada gaar ah: limfosaytis, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Unugyada, macrophages: waa maxay?

Macrophages wada jir ah ula unugyada difaaca (monocytes) waa qaab-dhismeedka phagocytosis weyn - habka qabashada iyo dheefshiidka walxaha shisheeye ama wareer ah oo khatar galinaya nolosha caadiga ah ee u shaqeeyo. Ku tilmaamay hab difaaca la helay iyo bartay by physiologist Ruush Mechnikov ee 1883kii. Waxa uu sidoo kale la ogaaday in difaac gacanta loola jeedaa phagocytosis - jawaab ilaaliya ilaaliya unugyada ka hiddawadayaasha of saamaynta waxyeello ka mid ah wakiilada ajnabiga ah, loo yaqaan cudur.

Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo arrinta: macrophages ah - unugyada waa in this? Xusuustaa ay cytogenesis. unugyada Kuwan waxaa ka soo jeeda monocytes, oo waxaa naga hadhay wax dhiiga oo dhex gelin galay nudaha. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan diapedesis. Natiijadan ayaa waxaa ka mid ah waa formation of macrophages in parenchyma ee beerka, sambabada, qanjidhada iyo beeryarada.

Tusaale ahaan, macrophages alveolar ayaa marka hore la xiriiray la walxaha shisheeye ku xayiran parenchyma ku pulmonary by receptors gaar ah. Markaasay unugyada difaaca jirka koobtay iyo dheefshiido cudur iyo wareer ah, oon ku ilaalinta xubnaha neefsashada ka wakiilada pathogenic iyo sunta, iyo sidoo kale wada baabbi'innay Qurub of kiimikooyin sun sambabbada la qayb ka mid ah hawada lagu jiro waxyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la muujiyey in heerka dhaqdhaqaaqa difaaca ee macrophages alveolar unugyada dhiigga difaaca la mid ah - monocytes.

Features of qaab-dhismeedka iyo shaqada unugyada difaaca jirka

unugyada Phagocytic leedahay qaab gaar ah cytological, taas oo go'aan ka shaqo ee macrophages. Ay xuub gacanta awood u sameynta pseudopodia adeegaya for qabato iyo dabooli Qurub shisheeye. cytoplasm waxaa ka buuxa organelles dheefshiidka - lysosomes si loo hubiyo in lysis sunta, fayrasyo ama bakteeriya. Mitochondria sidoo kale ay joogaan, synthesizing triphosphate ee Britain adenosine, kaasoo ah macrophages weyn ee walax tamarta. Waxaa jira nidaam ah tuubooyinka iyo embriyaha - reticulum ku endoplasmic in organelles protein-synthesizing ah - ribosomes. Loo baahan yahay joogitaanka mid ama ka badan nuclei, inta badan ee qaab aan joogto ahayn. macrophages Polynuclear yeedhay symplasts. Waxaa loo sameeyay iyadoo ay sabab u karyokinesis intracellular, oo aan kala inta badan cytoplasm ah.

noocyada macrophages

Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo kuwan soo socda, iyadoo la isticmaalayo "macrophages" Ereyga in tani ma aha hal nooc oo dhismeedka difaaca iyo tsitosistema kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, la kala saaro unugyada difaaca go'an oo lacag la'aan ah. Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay ka mid ah macrophages alveolar, godadka phagocytes parenchyma iyo xubnaha gudaha. Sidoo kale go'an unugyada difaaca jirka ku sugan Halabuurka ee osteoblasts iyo qanjirada. Depot iyo xubnaha dhiig-sameynta - beerka, beeryarada, iyo dhuuxa lafta cas - waxaa sidoo kale ku jira macrophages go'an.

Waa maxay difaac cell-dhexaadin ah

Noocyada kor ku xusan ee phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu isku daro nidaamka aad u waxtar fiican taas oo si toos ah siisaa awood u leh inay iska caabin ah wakiilada pathogenic oo sun ah, oo uu u baabbi'iyo by qabsaday iyo dheefshiidka. Waxaa intaa dheer, by nidaamka difaaca jirka gacanta bixisaa antibodies soo saaray T- iyo B-limfosaytis, taas oo ku xidhaan in ay soo baxaan cudur ah fayrusyada, bakteeriyada iyo dulin intracellular rickettsiae iyo chlamydiae.

xubnaha durugsan difaaca dhiig-sameynta, qumanka soo bandhigay, beeryarada iyo dheecaanka qanjidhada, dhiso a nidaamka functional hal kulmay iyo dhiig, iyo immunogenez.

Doorka macrophages in formation of xasuusta difaaca

Ka dib markii xiriir la unugyada antigen awood phagocytosis, dambaysta ah ay awoodaan in ay "la xasuusto" profile ah lagmamaarmaanna u ah pathogene iyo masuul ka ah wax soo saarka antibody waxay dib-u-wax lays geliyey gacanta nool. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo xasuusta difaaca: togan iyo kuwa taban. Labada iyaga ka mid ah waa natiijada hawl of limfosaytis soo saaray thymus ah, beeryarada, dabar derbiga iyo dheecaanka qanjidhada caloosha. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid taagayo iyo limfosaytis - unugyada iyo monocytes - macrophages.

A xasuusta difaaca fiican xooga sabab jir tallaalka ah sida hab ka hortagga cudurada faafa. Tan iyo unugyada xusuusta si deg deg ah u aqoonsan cudur ku jira tallaalka, waxay isla markiiba la kulmi formation degdeg ah unugyada difaaca. Arrin ku xasuusta xun difaaca waa la tixgeliyaa in xubin badalida si loo yareeyo heerka diidmada xubnaha transplanted iyo unugyada.

Xiriirka nidaamyada hematopoietic iyo difaaca

Dhamaan unugyada jidhka ku lug ay ka badbaado wareer ah iyo walxaha sunta ah ahbaa dhuuxa lafta, kaas oo sidoo kale waa xubin ka hematopoietic. Thymus ama thymus la xiriira habka hormoonada jidhka ah, shaqo ee difaaca dhismeedka salka. In jidhka bini'aadamka, iyo lafta cas dhuuxa, thymus iyo waa, in fact, xubnaha maamulaha of immunogenesis.

unugyada Phagocytic baabbi'in wareer ah in waxaa inta badan la socda barar ee unugyada iyo xubnaha qaba. Waxay soo saaray qayb gaar ah - factor dhiig xinjirowga kaakicin (PAF), taas oo kordhinaysa permeability marinnada dhiigga. Sayidka, tiro badan oo ah macrophages dhiigga si uu u gaaro meesha uu pathogene ah oo soo baabbi'i.

Ka dib markii barashada macrophages - noocee ah unugyada waxa xubnaha ay soo saaray iyo waxa ay tahay hawsha la fuliyaa - waxaan ogaannay in, oo ay weheliyaan noocyada kale ee limfosaytis (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), ay ku jiraan unugyada difaaca jirka ugu muhiimsan.