Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos cidla photo, naqshadaha. Waa maxay cidlada Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos?

Taalladaas fiican taariikhda Ruush - ka cidlada Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos (naqshadaha sawirrada Ruush) - maanta gobolka ilaaliyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, keniisad lahaa maraan waqtiyo adag, iyada oo sababtu tahay oo dhismayaasha qaarkood ayaa lahagaajin laga badiyay. Maanta muwaadin kasta oo Russia ogyahay waxa ay u egtahay sida lamadegaan Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. Waa khasnad dhab ah dhaqanka Ruush, iyo u qalmo in la ogaado waxa ku saabsan Ruush kasta.

aasaasay of keniisad ah

In 1734, Anna Ruush Empress ku Ivanovna go'aansaday inay dalka soo wareejiyo 10 miles ka Petersburg, taas oo hore u yaaliin Villa badda xeebteeda oo ka mid ah Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, walaasheed ka weyn ah Empress ah, uu confessor ah. Archimandrite of keniisad Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos ku Varlaam doonayay inuu keligiis ahaado, waayo, kaliya sida doonka ah iyo dhul cusub ayaa waxaa loogu tala galay. Tani waa sida lamadegaan Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos, oo ka wakiil ah guri keniisad ah, taas oo hore u soo noqday Barlaam. Erayga "lamadegaanka" macnihiisu yahay "meesha cidlada ah, astur," ka dib "keniisad". Barlaam sidoo kale helay ogolaansho in ay guriga cusub u guurto kaniisad yar oo ka samaysan alwaax of male ah ee Virgin Mary barakaysan ka estate ee Queen Praskovya Feodorovna. Waxa uu ahaa kaniisadda ugu horeysay ee keniisad ah, kaas oo uu gooni uga dhigay in sharaf of St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Radonezh May 2, 1735. Lamadegaanka, iyada oo awoodda Abbot, si degdeg ah helo caan, culeyska nolosha diinta ee St. Petersburg si degdeg ah sii kordhaya, laakiin weli waa 30 sano jir ah keniisad waa meel yar oo muuqdo dhow Gacanka Finland.

talinaysay ah

Under Elizabeth, Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo lamadegaanka qaadataa on status cusub. Empress ay go'aansatay in ay qotomiyey ku saleysan oonay ka keniisad ah "fiican" ayuu qaatay tiro ka mid ah falalka inay sidaa sameeyaan. Gabadha Peter Great jecel yahay in la dhiso, iyada oo boqornimadiisa Petersburg helay badan oo dhismayaasha istaahila: Winter Palace, ee Cathedral ee Smolny ka keniisad, Grand Peterhof Palace, Tsarskoye Selo madaxtooyada weyn.

Ka go'an inay u beddesho ee lamadegaanka Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos, taas oo iyadu dareemay dareen gaar ah: idinkoo jooga qolladaha ee keniisad ah ayay sugayay natiijada inqilaabkii khaas ah oo la qabto adeegga ugu horeysay oo lagu sharfayo dhamaad ku faraxsan yahay dhacdada, Elizaveta Petrovna bilaabmaa dhismaha. amarada Empress dhise PA Mashruuca Trezzini Quduuska ah Trinity Cathedral. Naqshada ku dhisan qabyo hore ee Convent Smolny ku Rastrelli iyo abuuraa image cusub macbudka mustaqbalka.

In 1756, cathedral bilaabaan si ay u dhisaan, ka dibna ka dhisto 1758 kaniisadda St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Radonezh, unugyada dhagax dhisay ka suufiyadoodii, munaaradaha waardiyayaasha iyo ilaa derbiyada. In 1764, cidlada Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos ee Strelna helo madax bannaani, ma aha mar dambe hoos u Lavra Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos, keniisad ka taagan madaxa isaga u gaar ah Archimandrite. Laakiin Elizabeth ma arki Isbadal cidlada jecel yahay, waayo, taas oo aan ku yimaado muddo ugu guulaha badan. booska Archimandrite inta badan degan dad cusub oo kaliya ma haysan waqti ay ku sameeyaan wax la taaban karo ee horumarka ah ee lamadegaanka dhexdiisa.

Kaliya ee 1834 bilaabeen muddo barwaaqo ah cidlada Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. At madaxa keniisad taagan qof aad u xiiso badan - Ignatius Bryanchaninov, graduate cajiib ah dugsiga injineernimada, Abwaan xoog leh, Nin sharaf leh, kuwaas oo kor u siiyey nolosha bulsho xiiso iyo gacantooda magaca barwaaqo ah keniisad siiyey. Nicholas waxaan isaga siiyey axdiga - si ay u sameeyaan of hannaanka cidlada Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Macaabidda Yuhuud oo dhan. Labaatan sano ka Abbot dirireen xagga goolka this, iyo heshiis weyn uu kari.

Mid ka mid ah guests badan ee keniisad noqday boqor isaga qudhiisa, oo inta badan ka codsaday talo iyo barako of Archimandrite. Ignatius dhigay xeerarka quruxsan adag in guri keniisad ah, abuurista xeerkoodu ah nooca Optina. Uu Ignatius Malyshev 40 sano ee soo socota sii shaqada ku saabsan horumarinta iyo xoojinta keniisad ah. Muddadan, Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos photo lamadegaanka in maanta gudbiyo oo kaliya qayb ka mid ah ay tahay weynaanta, dhisay leh dhismayaasha cusub, kaniisadaha, dhismayaasha la deggan yahay, dhismayaasha beer, maktabadda, taas oo uu leeyahay in ka badan 6000 buugaagta. keniisad waxay noqonaysaa magaalo dhabta yar, waxaa la furay dugsiyada dhowr, guriga kalkaalinta, isbitaal ah hotel masaakiinta. Waxay ahayd mid ku biiray by qaybta 50 meeltobnaadkiisii ah, halkaas oo suufiyadoodii kaymo dalagyada, khudaarta. Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo lamadegaanka noqoto meel qiimaha iyo awood, halkan u yimid inuu ku tukado, in la ogaado ay qabuuraha nastay dad badan oo caan ah iyo dadka caanka ah.

Abbot ugu danbeysay ee keniisad taliye Sergiyos Bawlos wuxuu dhalay ruuxiga ah ee Duke Grand ee Dmitry iyo Konstantin Romanov. Ka hor inta kacaanka, keniisad ka ciyaaray door muhiim ah nolosha ruuxiga ah ee gobolka, wuxuu ahaa xarun caan ah dhaqanka iyo dhaqaalaha.

sano khasaare

Wax walba bedelay ka dib markii kacaanka. In 1919, ee guri keniisad oo ka mid ah cidla ah Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos la xiray, inkastoo hawshii ayaa sii waday in muddo ah. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee suufiyadoodii dibad jooga, qaar ka mid ah ku sugnaa gudaha dalka hadla shaqada ee maxaliga ah. hantida keniisad la boobay ee 1921 Bolsheviks ku toogtay daaha Raktarka ee St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. In 1931, waxaa la furay dugsiga tababarka ciidamada. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka dhismaha keniisad aad u xanuunsanayay intii ay duqeynta. Laakiin bilowgii ugu xumaa mudo 60 sano ah. In 1962, Trinity Cathedral Quduuska ah, dabadeedna way aamuseen in ay taallo la burburiyey. waxaa Church of shafeeco ee Virgin Quduuska ah ilaa afuufo 1964, at height ah ee ololaha antireligious Khrushchev ee. In 1968 way baabbi'iyeen kiniisadda Qiyaamada.

maanta keniisad

In 1993, Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos photo cidla ah oo wakhtigaas jiray aragti ah naxdin leh, waxaa lagu wareejiyey in Church Orthodox ah. Si tartiib ah bilaabay shaqada dib u soo celinta ee suufiyadoodii keniisad mar degeen ah. In kiniisadda Sergiya Radonezhskogo sameeyay adeegyada caadiga ah, soo celinta dib u soo celinta xabaalo marista ku baabba'day dhismayaasha badbaaday. Suufiyadoodii ku riyoon abid soo celin lumay, laakiin ilaa hadda ma gaarin gacmaha, shaqo ee keniisad waa badan. Weli, ka cidlada Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos, Architecture-of taas oo qayb ahaan sii raagayaan tan iyo maanta saameeyaa xirfad iyo hibo injineero, farxo oo isha goobaha booqdaha ay.

dhismaha dhismaha

style The naqshadda lamadegaanka waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sida naqshadda dhismaha dhaqameed Ruush gooye. Dhismaha keniisad ah isku daraa ee Buzadag dhismay naqshadaha fikrado cusub. Marka aad la abuuro keniisad ah ayaa la isticmaalay nidaamka qorshaynta classical, marka xarunta ka kooban yahay macbudka ugu weyn iyo deegaanka ku xeeran, waxa uu, waxaana uu durbaba kaalinta hareeraha inta kale ee dhismaha. dhismaha ugu weyn ee dhulka ku dhacdaa qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19aad. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee eclecticism, kaas oo ahaa ku haboon, waayo, Architecture-Ruush iyo Yurub ee ka dambeeya waqtiga. Sidoo kale dhismaha keniisad ah waxa lagu gartaa joogitaanka ujeedooyinkooda Ruush.

Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos cidla ah is tusay naqshadda dhismaha kaas oo ahaa tusaale u ah isticmaalka ujeeddooyinka qaran naqshadaha macbudka, waxaa la dhisay sida keniisad a Ruush, oo waxay lahayd muuqaalka ah cathedral iyo dhismayaasha oo dhan kula hadlo. Qaabka ugu dambeeya ee oonay la aasaasay by quarter ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii 19aad, dhismaha waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan 10 dhismayaasha rasmi ah iyo dhismayaasha dhowr ujeedooyin kala duwan. Waxaa soo shaqeeyay badan injineero caan ah. P. Trezzini abuuray mashruuca ee Cathedral Trinity iyo qorsheynta deegaanka mashruuca horumarinta ah, Luidzhi Ruska dhisay kalkaalinta guriga, AM Weasels taagay shafeeco oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah Chapel, shaqeeyeen mashaariicda Church of shafeeco ah, iyo Grigoriya Bogoslova, by Rastrelli dhisay unugyada monastic. Of muhiimadda ugu weyn ay ahayd qabuuraha keniisad ah, halkaas oo lagu aasay wiilal badan caan of Russia, haatan si tartiib tartiib ah soo kabsaday muuqashadeeduna taariikhiga ah.

Temple of Saint Sergiyos

Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos cidlada markii hore dhisay hareeraha kaniisadda St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Radonezh. macbudka ugu horeysay ee la sameeyay oo qoryo, waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay ka St. Petersburg. Dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-in ay meel ka taagay cathedral dhagax ugu horeeyay, taas oo 1854 mar kale si weyn u dhisay. Naqshada Gornostaev dhisay kaniisad ee style Byzantine, shan cutub iyo laba chapels: Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah xabaashii of Martyr Zenaida Apraksins ka iyo qabuurihii Yusupov ah. Large macbudka laba dabaq kara ilaa 2 kun oo qof, waxaa lagu qurxiyey daaqadaha muraayada in qaab Romanesque. iconostasis waxaa lagu qurxiyey dhagaxyo qaali ah iyo semiprecious, dabaqa mahrajaan la sameeyo sida ay Dakatu of naqshadeeyaha ugu. cathedral ayaa ka badbaaday oo dhan waqtiyo adag iyo sii wadaan in ay ku shaqeeyaan maanta.

Architecture Trinity keniisad

Trinity keniisad noqday qalbiga keniisad ah. Waxaa la asaasay 1756, shuqullada ayaa dusha ka naqshadeeyaha ugu P. Trezzini. The Cathedral shan domed oo dhagax ah oo la dhisay 4 sano. Macbudka ka dhacay gudaha hodan ah: qotontay, frescoes iyo farshaxanka, wax badan oo iftiin - waxan oo dhan ayaa abuuray dareen xafladayn. macbudka yar, oo qaadi kara 600 qof, ku dhacay aragtida qurux badan. Waxaa Trezzini soo bixitaankii ugu fiican ee naqshadaha baroque. faahfaahin badan, qotontay, shan domes Itoob diyaarin macbudka la tiirar uga dhigay rasmi ah oo raaxo leh. Oo isagu wuxuu noqday bartilmaameed u ah dhismaha kaniisadaha guud ahaan Russia by sida ugu badan ee 20-ka sano.

isgaarsiinta macbudka. shahiid Valerian

Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos cidlada ahayd magangal ugu dambeeyey ee rag badan oo weyn, mid ka mid ah uu ahaa Graf Valerian Zubov, Taliyaha aad u fiican, guulayste of Derbent. In meel of macbudkiisa dabaq aaska la Balbaladii ah ee style Empire la dhisay. Dhismaha ayaa ah rotunda qaab aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo uu ku yaal iconostasis a semicircular. dhismaha adag yahay hal gurigiisa oo naafo ah. Ilaa maanta, dhismaha sii raagayaan, laakiin qaab aad u qalloocan sabab u rearrangements ee 40eeyaha ee qarnigii 20-aad, markii ay ku yaaliin gumeysi shaqada.

Church of shafeeco ee Virgin Quduuska ah

Desert la dhisay si ay macaamiisha si fiican u yaqaan mahad, sida macbudka Virgin Quduuska ahaa dhismaha, by Prince Kochubey amartay in sharaf uu naagtiisa ka dhintay. Mashruucu wuxuu abuuray cathedral ah R. Kuzmin, sannadaha 1859-1863 ayaa la dhiso, oo buuxinaya Harald Bosse. macbudka yar laakiin aad u sarreeya A waxaa loo qorsheeyay in style Renaissance ah, la aasaasay muuqaalka taariikhiga ah ee guri keniisad ah. Dhismaha soo wajahay dhagax cawlan ka Scotland iyo waa mid aad u garabaka Florence Cathedral. Kaniisadda la burburiyay sanadkii 1964.

macbudka Grigorievsky

Church of St. Grigoriya Bogoslova la dhisay 1855-1857 sano by dhise maxkamadda Alexander II AM Shtakenshnejdera. Waxaa la soo gaaray in qaab Ruush-Byzantine oo waa qol yar oo iconostasis jimbaar, qoraal ku saabsan asalka ah oo dahab ah, oo xabaashii iyo caddaan iyo huruud ah ka soo jeeda ee garaaf G. Kushelev. Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos cidla ah ayaa hadda ka shaqeeya dib u soo celinta decoration gudaha macbudka, kaas oo la wada ilaaliyo, foom la gediyay, laakiin u dhaqmaan ma.

Church of Qiyaamada

Petersburg keniisad Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo lamadegaanka ayaa had iyo jeer epitome ruuxa Ruush. The dhismaha ugu "Ruush" waxaa loo yeedhi karaa kaniisadda hip Qiyaame Masiixa ah. Waxaa la dhisay 1877-1880 ka yar mashruuca of A. Parland, qoraaga caanka ah ee Cathedral ee Badbaadiyeheenna ah oo ku saabsan Dhiig Butaaci ee St. Petersburg. Guriyo tiradii lebenkii oo midab leh, daaqadaha galaas wasakheeyey, Bas-gargaarka la tirooyinka quduusiinta Ruush - waxan oo dhan ayaa ka dhigaysa Cathedral Qiyaame sida toy ah oo qurux badan. gudaha oo lacag ah, iyo huruud ah, naxaas ah ayaa sidoo kale ku dhuftay ciyaaryahan. In 1968 kaniisad la Afuufi Suurka oos.