Transfer qiimeeyo contiguity. Metonymy: Qeexid

Ereyga "metonymy" ka timaadaa ereyga Giriigga ah oo macnihiisu yahay "magaca". raad Tani, taas oo ah kala iibsiga ka mid ah qiimaha ay contiguity - mar mar ama si joogto ah - magaca class gaar ah oo alaab ah, ama mid gaar ah ama fasal kale, ee la xidhiidha isaga la lug xaalad gaar ah ama contiguity.

Waa maxay magacyada loo gudbin karaa

The salaysan metonymy waa da'ayeen, fikradeed, dhacdo, xiriirka macquul ah iyo syntagmatic u dhexeeya qaar ka mid ah qaybaha ay leeyihiin xaqiiqada iyo digtoonaan in maanka aadanaha, ku dhisnayn macnaha gaarka ah ee erayada - dhexeeya dadka, walxaha, falalka, dhacdooyinka, geeddi socodka, dhacdooyinka, hay'adaha bulshada, waqtiga, meesha, iwm

Magaca loo gudbin karaa:

1) la kafaalaqaade ku saabsan qadarka content ama content laftiisa, sida "muraayad" - "cabbiro tacsida engegan oo dareere ah," "weel la cabo";

2) wax soo saarka ka dhigtay: "copper" - "coppers," iyo "biraha";

3) tuulada, meel on dhacdo la xidhiidha ama ka dhigay nool deggan: "tuulada oo dhan waa qosol isaga", "Road" - "safar", "Jidka dhigay mooshinka," "wakhtiga safarka";

3) tallaabo gaar ah ay natiijo, mawduuca ku lug tallaabada (hub, shay, maadada) ama meel: "Jooji" - this meesha waa meesha gaadiidka, iyo tallaabo gaar ah, "dhamaatay" - qalab in ping iyo fal ah ee loogu ooriyay,

5) foomamka of content gaar ah hadal ama gaar ah, muuqashadii wax content oo dhan, "waa buug xiiso leh" waxaa loola jeedaa content, iyo "buug weyn" - in mawduuca;

6) wareejinta qiimaha adjacency la sayniska, aqoonta warshadaha in ay ku xiran iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka, "naxwaha" - this "af nidaamka" iyo "laan ka mid ah cilmi afaf";

7) dhacdooyinka, dhacdooyinka bulshada ee ka qaybgalayaashu ay: "Shirka lagu qaban doono June," iyo "Shirka ayaa isku raacay muhiimadda ay leedahay go'aanka";

8) xarumaha urur bulsheedka on goobta, gabi ahaanna ee ay shaqaalaha, "Warshadda tageen shaqo joojin" iyo "warshad dayactir";

9) la qayb ka mid ah oo dhan, iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka, "pear" - "midho" iyo "geed" (kala iibsiga ee horyaalka si ay qayb ka mid ah oo dhan ah oo lagu magacaabo synecdoche - kiis gaar ah metonymy);

10) gobolka gaar ah dareen at sababta asalka u ah inuu "naxdin ah" - "Haddii ay dhacdo cabsi badan" iyo "cabsi";

11) Magaca qoraaga ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in tixraac style uu abuuray, model ah, ama shuqulladiisa: - ". Name of sayidkii" "daabacaan, akhri Tolstoy ee" Bull "alaabta guriga la nooca qaar ka mid ah decoration" iyo

metonymy joogto ah

Metonymy, oo muujineysa dhexgalka ee fikradaha, qaybaha, iyo / ama walxaha, waxa uu noqonayaa mid si joogto ah markay abuurto daydo semantic ah noocyada eray-formation iyo erayadii maqlana, inta badan isku in noocyada kala duwan ee qiimaha: Haddii ay dhacdo, waxay muujinaysaa, maadada (la taaban karo oo aan la taaban karin). Tusaale ahaan, magacyada tallaabada si joogto ah loo isticmaalo in lagu qeexo qaar ka mid ah hay'ad ka dhalanaya ( "shaqo", "shaqo", "sheekada", "xal", "Dhismaha").

xarfaha polysemy

Haddii si joogto ah u kala iibsiga suuro waxaa lagu fuliyaa gudahood nooca eray-sameynta ee, ay natiijo laga yaabaa in qadarin ah polysemy halkii substrate (is barbar dhig, tusaale ahaan, qiimaha a sida a dabagalayaal afka -enie, -anie). Ururku wuxuu of walxaha qaar ka mid ah oo ku saabsan adjacency iyo isku dhawaanshaha ka mid ah fikradaha macquul ah loo beddelaa qiimaha isku xidhnaan. Metonymy noocan ah waxay u adeegtaa ujeeddo gaar ah - NOMINATIVE, iyo gacan ka geysaneysaa horumarinta hab luqada waxaa weeya.

Maxaa sababa metonymy

Abuuri ah hababka of tamashle ah transformations syntagmatic kala duwan. Dhaca si joogto ah oo ku saleysan soo jeedinta ama weedho metonymy, taas oo ah natiijada waxa loogu yeero qoraalka hoos elliptical badanaa xajisto degree qaar ka mid ah xaaladaha ay of adeegsigeeda kooban, iyada oo aan la abuurayo qiimaha cusub xaallad madax banaan, tusaale ahaan: "In museum waxaa ku jira laba Van Gogh" (taasoo la micno ah "laba farshaxankiisa Van Gogh "), laakiin aad u ma dhihi kartaa:" On the hal Van Gogh muujinayaa haweeney dhallinyaro ah ".

Isgaarsiinta leh macnaha guud ee

The link ugu adag la macno yahay metonymy noocan oo kale ah (tusaale luqad Ruush, hoos ka eeg), taas oo magacaabista ah ee xaalad siiyey, ku salaysan la saadaalin ah, waa la dhimay oo kaliya in a qiimaha shayga qayb: "Maxaad leedihiin ka -" Heart (madaxa, ilkaha, cunaha) "- taasoo la micno ah" wadnaha xanuun (madaxa, ilkaha, cunaha). isticmaalka Tani waxay ku eg tahay xaallada semantic iyo naxwaha gaar ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, qaar ka mid ah macnaha maldahan (tusaale - ee "qalbi", "madaxa") ma lagu dari karaa ka fal nidaamka iyo sifooyin, oo qeexaya nooca cudurka iyo xanuunka. Waxaan ma dhihi karo "(kabashadiisa, ba'an) wadnaha oo xoog leh" ama "qalbiga daran (xumaatay, xoojiyey)." Xaaladdan oo kale, qiimaha kala iibsiga ee adjacency ah aan la aasaasay madax banaan ee macnaha guud ee ka kooban semantic hadalka. Waxay u adeegtaa sida loola daaha ka kala duwanaansho semantic ah isticmaalkeeda. macnaha maldahan, tusaale u ah oo lagu kor ku xusan, waxa ay xidhiidh dhow la macnaha guud.

Sida loo isticmaalo metonymy

metonymy isticmaalay (synecdoche badanaa) sida soo dhaweynta ah ee shay category xaaladeed by faahfaahinta ay GAARKA dibadda. Proisllyustriruem our fikirka. talooyinkan soo qaad in metonymy, sida, "Hey, gadhka!", "hat The akhriska wargeys." isticmaalka noocan oo kale ah ay la mid tahay derivative ah in midani raacsan - sifo substantivized iyo magac ka, Wed. "Beard" iyo "la laalo", "oo gadh". Noocan ah metonymy (tusaalayaal s waxa afka -. Little Red Riding Hood, Little Longnose, iwm) inta badan waxay u adeegtaa oo macneheedu yahay ee abuurista naanays, naanays.

Astaanta koox bulsho

Haddii shayga waxaa lagu magacaabaa metonymy, waa caadiga ah ee dad badan, waxay ku qaadan kartaa xididka afka iyo sida magacaabista ah koox bulsho gaar ah, tusaale ahaan, ereyga "bast" ayaa tilmaamaya laga yaabaa in soo ridayeen a Ruush ee muddada pre-kacaan. Laakiin metonymy noocan oo kale ah ka maqan denotative (semantic) xasiloonida. In xaaladaha taariikhiga ah oo kala duwan loo yaqaan "gadhka" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo kuwa xigmadda leh oo nin, yaroow, kuwii gobta ahaa, odayaasha, iyo koox ka mid ah dadka dhallinyarada ah. tusaalooyin Metonymy luqad Ruush, oo aynu imika uun la sheegay, waa mid aad u caadi ah.

metonymy booska naxwaha

Isticmaalka raad this (synecdoche, ugu horrayn) ugu horrayn si ay tixraac mowduuca hadalka waxaa isku daraa la booska naxwaha mawduuca, daaweynta iyo ubaxyo. Sida la saadaalin karo qiimaha ku sidday xaaladeed ee adjacency waa wax aan caadi ahayn, sababtoo ah ma aysan oofin wixii sifeeyay shaqo. Haddii metonymy loo isticmaalo in la saadaalin karo, waxaa la beddelaa tusaale, sida "hat" - a "bungler", "Shoe" - ". Burbur ah, nin waynida" Isticmaalka magacyada in partitive qiimaha la saadaalin karo ee guud ahaan adeegta ujeedada aspektizatsii ku xiran looma tixgeliyo in kiisaska intooda badan sida kala iibsiga ee adjacency ah. Ha noo muujiyo our dhibic. Tixgeli this: "Waxa uu ahaa maskaxda ku caasiyoobay" - waxa loola jeedaa sifo ee arrin gaar ah oo qofka, si sax noqon - uu dabeecad caqliga.

Synecdoche in aan loo isticmaalin wax ku xukuntay jiritaanka, ama wax u dhigma, taas oo soo bandhigo mawduuca adduunka sheeko ah. Tusaale ahaan, ma aynu bilaabi kartaa sheeko la erayada sida :. Marka waxaa jiray (mid ka mid ah, qaar ka mid ah) Red Riding Hood "isticmaalka Tani gartay ma waxaa sida calaamad u ah qofka, iyo sida muuqashadii mawduuca.