Slavophiles - waxaa ... Isbeddellada Philosophy. Slavophilism iyo Westernism

Qiyaastii 40-50 sano ee qarnigii XIX ee bulshada Ruush loo qoondeeyo laba jiho - Slavophilism iyo Westernism. Slavophiles dalacsiiyay fikradda ah "Jid gaar ah Russia ee", halka kooxda ay, reer galbeedka lagu waday inuu u baahan tahay in talaabadii ilbaxnimada reer galbeedka tagaan, gaar ahaan meelaha qaab-dhismeedka bulshada, dhaqanka iyo nolosha bulshada.

Halkee ereyadan sameeyey?

"Slavophiles" - muddo soo bandhigay by Abwaan caan Konstantin Batyushkov. Taa baddalkeeda, erayga "Westernization" marka hore u muuqday in dhaqanka Ruush ee 40eeyaha ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. Gaar ahaan, waxaa laga heli karaa ee "quusiyay" Ivana Panaeva. Inta badan, muddada bilaabay in la isticmaalo ka dib 1840, marka waxaa jiray nasasho la Belinsky Aksakov.

History of muuqaalka kore ee Slavophilism

Slavophilic, dabcan, ma degna muuqan "out of meel". Tani waxaa ka hormarey marxalad dhan cilmi, qoraal waraaqo badan oo cilmi ah iyo publications, waxbarasho cabbudhinayo oo ka mid ah taariikhda iyo dhaqanka of Russia.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in bilowga aad u of this arrimuhu falsafada ahaa Archimandrite Gabriel, sidoo kale loo yaqaan Vasiliy Voskresensky. In 1840 wuxuu daabacay Kazan, "falsafada Ruush", taas oo ay jidka ahaa arka halbeegga ee soo baxaya Slavophilism.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, falsafadda ah Slavophiles waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan in muddo ah ka dib, in koorsada khilaafaadka fikirka in waajibo ku salaysan wada hadal "falsafada Letter" Chaadaev. Dhaggan aagga this ahaayeen Fikirka ah ee qofka, jidka ee kala duwan ee horumarka taariikhiga ah ee Russia iyo dadka Ruush, aasaas ahaan waa kala duwan Jidka Western Yurub. Sida laga soo xigtay Slavophiles, aqoonsiga Ruush in meesha ugu horeysa waa la'aanta ah ee halganka class in ay taariikhda, dhulka oo markaas ay beesha Ruush iyo Iskaashatooyinka, iyo sidoo kale in Church Orthodox si dhab ah Masiixiyada oo keliya.

socodka Development Slavophil. Fikradda wayn

In 1840-mada. Slavophilic gaar ahaan caadi in Moscow. Maskaxda ugu fiican ee gobolka ururiyey ee lagu qurxiyo suugaanta Elagina, Pauline, Sverbeevyh - waxaa halkan waa in ay wada xiriiraa kasta oo kale oo lagu falanqeeyey noole la galbeedka.

Waa in la ogaadaa in shuqullada iyo shuqullada Slavophiles u dhibaataysnaayeen by faafreebka, dhaqdhaqaaqa qaar ka mid ah ay ahaayeen hortiisa booliska, iyo qaar ka mid ah xitaa la xiray. Waa sababta oo ah taasi, waayo, wakhti dheer, iyagu ma ay leeyihiin daabacaadan joogto ah iyo kaalinta qoraalada iyo articles inta badan bogagga of majaladda "Moskvityanin". Ka dib markii ahee a qayb ka mid ah faafreeb in 50s Slavophils waxay bilaabeen inay daabacaan wargeysyo iyaga u gaar ah ( "qurxinta Miyiga", "wada hadal Ruush") iyo wargeysyada ( "dhoofnay," warkeeda ").

Russia waa in aan wax barto oo ay qaataan noocyada siyaasadda reer galbeedka - tani waxay ahayd si adag u aaminsanahay oo dhan, iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, Slavophiles ah. Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma hortago iyaga ka fiirsan waxa loo baahan yahay in horumarinta firfircoon ee warshadaha iyo ganacsiga, bangiyada iyo ganacsi caddaalad, hordhaca ah ee mashiinada casriga ah ee beeraha iyo dhismaha waddooyinka tareennada. Intaa waxaa dheer, Slavophiles u soo dhaweeyay fikradda la baabiiyo of serfdom "xagga sare" leh bixinta khasab ah waxay Dhagri dalka bulshooyinka soo ridayeen.

dareenka badan ayaa lagu bixiyey in ay diinta oo fikrado Slavophiles ayaa la xiriira arrin si dhow. In ay opinion, iimaanka runta ah, kaas oo si Russia yimid Kaniisadda Bari, dhigayaa, shaqada gaar ah u gaar ah taariikhiga ah ee dadka Ruush. galku iyo dhaqan, nidaamka bulshada u ogolaan doonaa si ay u sameeyaan aasaaska qotada dheer ee nafta Ruush.

Guud ahaan, dadka Slavophiles gartay gudahood nasjonalromantiske xisbiga konserfatifka. Dabeecad iyaga u ahaa idealization oo ka mid ah mabaadiida traditionalism iyo raggu. Mawqifkaa waxaa la, Slavophiles waxay doonayeen inay keeni intelligentsia si aad u hesho u dhaw in ay dadka caadiga ah, waxbarasho ee nolol maalmeedka iyo nolol maalmeedka, luqadda iyo dhaqanka.

wakiillo ka Slavophilism

In qarnigii XIX ah, qorayaasha badan, saynisyahano iyo gabayaaga Slavophiles shaqeeyay Russia. Wakiilada of jihada this in fiiro gaar ah mudan - Khomyakov, Aksakov, Samarin. Slavophiles caan ahaayeen Chizhov, Koshelev, Belyaev, Valuev, Lamanskii, Hilferding iyo Cherkassy.

Ku filan u dhow aagga this in aragti ahaayeen qorayaasha Ostrovsky, Tiutchev, Dahl, Luqadaha iyo Grigoriev.

Innagoo cibaado iyo xiisaha fikradaha of Slavophilism loola dhaqmo Shaqaalaha iyo taariikhyahanadu ixtiraamo - Bodyansky, Grigorovich, Buslaev.

History of muuqaalka reer galbeedka

Slavophilism iyo Westernism isagoo isla muddadaas ku dhowaad, oo sidaas awgeed, ka fiirso kuwan hadda falsafada loo baahan yahay in dhismaha. Westernism Slavophilism sida soo horjeeda - waa jihaynta fikirka bulshada dhulgoosadka Ruush, ayaa sidoo kale soo baxay ee 40eeyaha ee qarnigii XIX.

saldhig ururka Original for wakiilada habkani ahaayeen Moscow ee lagu qurxiyo suugaanta. Doodaha fikirka qaaday iyaga oo ku, gaalda iyo xaqiiqda ku muujinayaa "My hore iyo Afkaarta," Herzen.

socodka horumarka galbeedka. Fikradda wayn

Falsafada ka mid ah Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka u xuub kala duwan. Gaar ahaan, sifooyinka guud ee fikirka reer galbeedka waxaa ka mid ah diidmada soodajiyo nidaamka Serf dhulgoosadka siyaasadda, dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka. Waxay ahaayeen ay guushu ku fuliyaan dib u habaynta dhaqan-dhaqaale ee model ah reer galbeedka.

Wakiilada ee reer galbeedka rumeysan yahay in had iyo jeer ay weli suurtagal ah ee aasaaska nidaam ganacsade-dimuqraadi ah by hab nabadeed, hababka dacaayad iyo waxbarashada. Waxa ay heer sare ka mahad dib u habaynta ku sameeyay Peter aan, iyo waxa loo arkaa in ay waajib si loogu badalo oo ay u sameeyaan ra'yiga dadweynaha sidan oo kale in boqortooyada ayaa lagu qasbay si ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta ganacsade ah.

Reer galbeedku rumeysan yahay in ay ka gudbaan backwardness dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee Russia waa in aanay noqon kharash ku dhaqanka wadaniga ah, laakiin ay sabab u tahay waayo aragnimo ah ee Europe, muddo dheer-baxeen weeraryahanka. Xaaladdan oo kale, iyagu ma ay diiradda saaraan farqiga u dhexeeya West iyo Russia, laakiin guud ahaan, in la joogo in ay aayahooda dhaqan iyo taariikheed ee ahaa.

In marxaladaha hore ee reer galbeedka cilmi falsafada gaar ahaan saamayn ku shuqullada Schiller, Schilling iyo Hegel.

Split reer galbeedka ee 40 jirka dhexe. XIX qarnigii

In bartamihii-afartameeyaha qarnigii XIX halkaas joogay qeybsataan aasaasiga ah ee deegaanka reer galbeedka. Oo waxay noqotay ka dib markii muran Granovsky ah, iyo Herzen. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd laba jiho galbeedka isbeddellada: deeqsigu iyo kacaan-dimuqraadi ah.

Sababta jiifay ee kala duwan si ixtiraam leh in diinta. Haddii xisbiga Libaraalka ayaa difaacay cilmiga waaridda ee nafta, dimuqraadiga, markeeda, ayaa ku salaysan booska uu ka Maadiga iyo mulxidnimo.

Kala duwan iyo fikrado ku saabsan hababka dib u habaynta ee Russia iyo horumarinta post-habaynta ee gobolka ka. Sidaas daraaddeed, xisbiga ku dooday in fikradda ah halganka kacaan si ay u sii dhismaha hantiwadaagga.

saamaynta ugu wayn ku leh aragtida reer galbeedka in muddo this ahaayeen shuqullada Comte, Feuerbach, iyo Saint-Simon.

In muddo post-habaynta in shuruudaha horumarka raasammaaliyade guud Westernism dayn inay jiraan sidii jihada gaar ah oo fikirka bulshada.

wakiillo ka socda reer galbeedka

Wareegga asalka Moscow reer galbeedka ahaayeen Granovskii, Hertzen, Korsch, Ketscher, Botkin, Ogarev Cavelin iyo D. t. Si wada xiriiraa goobo Belinsky, kuwaas oo ku noolaa St. Petersburg. isu Aqoonsadaan sida reer galbeedka iyo qoraa tayo Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Ka dib wixii dhacay ee 40eeyaha bartamihii. Annenkov kala, Korsch, Cavelin, Granovsky iyo qaar ka mid ah madaxda kale ee ku hadhay dhinaca xisbiga Libaraalka, iyo Herzen, Belinsky iyo Ogarev goosteen dimuqraadiga.

Xiriirka ka dhexeeya Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka

Waxaa haboon in la xasuusnaado in falsafad ka mid ah ayaa ku dhashay waqti isku mid ah, Aasaasayaasha waxay ahaayeen wakiillo ka socda qarnigan la mid ah. Oo weliba - iyo reer galbeedka iyo Slavophiles ka yimid hal bulshada deegaanka qabtay waddammo ee wareegyada qaar ka mid ah.

Taageerayaasha labada aragtiyood oo si joogto ah la xidhiidhka kasta oo kale. Iyo isgaarsiinta waxaa mar walba aan ku xaddidnayn naqdiga, oo waxay iska heli shir, goobo ka mid ah, waxay marar badan laga helay fikirradii soo horjeeda fikirka wax ku dhow in ay hal dhibic u gaar ah ee view.

Guud ahaan, muranka ugu jira ka mid ah heerka ugu sareeya ee dhaqanka - horjeeda ee loola dhaqmo midba midka kale si xushmad leh iyo dhagayso si taxadar leh oo dhanka kale oo isku dayay in uu ku siin doodaha lagu qanci karo ay guushu ay booska.

Egyihiin dhexeeya Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka

Haddaan lagu darin ka soo soocay dambe reer galbeedka dimuqraadiga, iyo ugu horeysay, labaad iyo in la aqoonsado baahida loo qabo in dib u habayn ku Russia iyo si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka jira si nabad ah, iyada oo aan Kacdoonkii iyo dhiig. Slavophiles u fasiro hab iyaga u gaar ah, ka dusin in views muxaafidka dheeraad ah, laakiin sidoo kale loo aqoonsan yahay baahida loo qabo isbedelka.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in hab-dhaqanka in ay diinta ka mid ahaa arimaha ugu dood badan ee muranka dhinaca fikirka u dhexeeya taageerayaasha aragtiyaha kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in caddaalad, waxaa xusid mudan in xaqiiqda ah in factor aadanaha ayaa ciyaaray this door aad u muhiim ah. Sidaas darteed, aragtida Slavophiles ah ayaa inta badan ku salaysan fikrada ah cibaadaysi ka mid ah dadka Ruush, ay u dhawaanshaha dhaqmayo-galku iyo adag ee dhammaan dhaqanka diinta. Isla mar ahaantaana Slavophiles waxay isku, wax badan oo ka mid ah - ka yimid qoysaska cilmaani aan mar walba raacay banneeyey Nicmoolayda waxa ka mid ah Church ee. Reer galbeedka ayaa sidoo kale ma dhiiri dhawrsashada xad-dhaafka ah ee nin, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah ee hadda (tusaale cad ah -. P. Ya Chaadaev) si daacad ah la rumeysan yahay cibaadaysi iyo, gaar ahaan, waa qayb muhiim ah oo Orthodox Russia. Waxaa ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda labada isbeddellada soo bandhigaan Mu'miniinta iyo cawaan labadaba.

Waxa sidoo kale jira kuwa aan ka tirsan mid ka mid ah waji, darajada geed Cafiyi saddexaad. Tusaale ahaan, V. S. Solovov ee wuxuu qoray, ayaa sheegay in xal lagu qanci karo in arrimaha ugu weyn ee aadanaha uusan weli laga helay ama East ama West ah. Taas macnaheedu waa in shaqada iyaga on wada waa in oo dhan, iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, ciidamada firfircoon ee aadanaha, dhagaysto kasta oo kale oo u dhaw in ay wada barwaaqo iyo weynaanta. Soloviev rumeysan yahay in "daahir ah" reer galbeedka iyo "nadiif" Slavophiles - waa xaddidan iyo dadka aan awood xukun Ujeedada.

Si Loo soo kobo

Galbeedka iyo Slavophiles, fikradda wayn oo aynu ka fikiray in this article, dhab ahaantii, waxay ahaayeen utopians. Reer galbeedka ayaa la qurxiyey jidka shisheeye ee horumarka, technology Yurub, waxay inta badan iloobaan ah oo ku saabsan dhegyadii of maskax Ruush iyo khilaafaadka da'da jir ah cilmi nafsiga oo ka mid ah reer galbeedka iyo Ruushka. Slavophiles, markeeda, ayaa ammaanay image dadka Ruush, waxay ahaayeen dhiiran tahay in idealize gobolka, image ah oo ka mid ah Boqortooyada iyo Asalraacnimadu. Iyo kuwa dadka kale iyo ma dareemaan halista kacaanka, iyo ilaa dhawaan ay rajeyneysay inay xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka by dib u habaynta, hab nabadeed. Guulaystey in this dagaalka fikirka aan dhammaadka lahayn qoondeeyo aan macquul aheyn, maxaa yeelay, khilaafaadka ku saabsan saxnimada Jidka doortay ee horumarinta Russia ee ma ka joojin ilaa maantadan la joogo.