Tani waxa ay ahayd satellite kowaad kastana falagiisuu dhex Earth

Subaxnimadii hore ee saaka xilliga dayrta 1957, iyo dheeraad ah si hufan on October 3, at Baikonur Cosmodrome ku bilaabay gaadiidka ugu horeysay adduunka ee satellite Earth macmal ah si taxadar leh la geeyaa meel toosan. Habka ay natiijo macquul ah ee shaqo badan ay kooxo badan oo dhan Midowga Soofiyeeti. Weli wuxuu lahaa afartan saacadood ee jeegaga, fixings iyo reyn, laakiin muuqaalka kore ee spaceship ah , hore ayaa qaar ka mid ah Ruhbaaniyad kalsoonida guusha sida kiis adag. Waxa ay ahayd qurux badan. Cimilada qabow ahayd, iyo gantaal oo dhan, taasoo sii shiday of gaariga tareenka, oo ag taagan, daboolay baraf, ayaa beerkiisa sida boodh diamond.

PS-1 satellite horeysay Soviet, iyo waxa ay hore u qaansada reer doonnidii waxay ahayd yar (oo miisaankeedu yahay in ka yar 84 kg), kubad-qaabeeya, ay ballaciisu ahaa 580 mm. waxaa Inside, jawi nitrogen la qalajiyey, waa unit elektaroonik ah, kaas oo ay heerka guulaha maanta u muuqdaan kuwo laga yaabo in aad u fudud. Laakiin kuma boodaan gunaanad - on salka element tube iyo geynta si cadaalad ah oo adag waxaa la hirgeliyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo a qalab si toos ah si farsamaysan. Marka satellite ugu horeysay waxaa gooni ka side, waxaa ka soo baxay oo ka mid ah afar anteenooyinkooda pin bixinta socodka mid xasiloon oo signal raadiyaha jiho kasta. Cabbiri meel ka mid ah qalabka ku meel, ka dibna waxa uu ahaa qiyaas ah oo emitters dhicis ah oo directionless xalin dhibaatadda of digniin adeegyada dhulka nidaamka iyo meesha falagiisuu.

Broadcast kale u ahaayeen gudbiye laba-watt, ka dib markii demodulation waxa uu ahaa a signal dhawaaqa ee foomka of a "dumisaan", iyo in haddii shaqada qaar ka mid ah qanjidhada waxa uu noqday caadi ahayn, "cod" inta badan ka dhawaajisay lahaa. Korsaday by amateurs radio wac lahaa in ay ka markhaati ah in satellite ugu horeysay run ahaantii kooban falagiisuu.

Qalabka loo baahan yahay in ay u hoggaansamaan kuwa adag mode mperaturnogo, oo ay taageerto gundhig kululeeyayaasha taageere.

satellite ugu horeeyay ee orbited gaari R-7, waqtiga dambayn, kuwaas oo lahaa xeerka sir ah "diidid 8K71PS". Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya shanaad gantaalaha, abuuray KB, hogaaminayo SP Korolev. Ugu weyn iyo asalka ay ujeeddo - gaarsiinta ee hubka nuclear, goolka - qaarada American. Laakiin tan farsamo amaanaa oo laga helay isticmaalka nabad - in la keeno satellite ugu horeysay ee u dhow-Earth bannaan.

Designer Guud ahayn wax fudud in uu ka dhaadhiciyo maamulka of baahida loo qabo in diyaarad meel, iyo marka in guuldareystay, dhigay waqtiyada aad u dhagan. shaqada ee wasaaradaha iyo waaxyaha kala duwan lagu fuliyay waqti isku mid ah, inta badan waxay ahayd oo aan la garaneyn, iyo technology ugu horumarsan sida inay soo sara kacaan iyo caqabadaha. satellite kowaad wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in la dhiso jadwal.

At 10:28 pm waqtiga Moscow on October 4, gantaal ku ridan samada, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan TASS dhawaaqay hirgelinta riyo dheer-taagan ee Insi dhammaan - safri falagyada fog noqday macquul ah oo dhab ah, la xaqiijiyay ku dhaqanka.

High on kuwii madaxda u ahaa dadka reer meeraha duulay xiddiga yar, satellite ugu horeysay. USSR noqday dalkiisa, saynisyahano, injineero iyo shaqaalaha - by abuuray ay, oo waxaa jiray ma isbiiritka xadka dadka oo dhan, dareemaan in ay lug ku Liibaan.