Synod - waa ... Quduuska Synod oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush

Synod Quduuska ah - ee la soo dhaafay ugu sareeya jirka maamul ee arrimaha Church Orthodox ah. Waxaa ku shaqeeya ka 1721 si ay u 1918. On Golaha Deegaanka ee Ruush Orthodox Church ee 1917 - 1918, waxaa la go'aamiyay patriarchate ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, jidhkan ciyaaraa kaalin yar ee arrimaha kiniisadda.

Church of muddada hore

ROC la aasaasay 988. kirishtaan First dhismeedka jaranjaro qaatay in Istanbul. In ka badan 9 qarniyo ka dib markii kaniisad Ruush ahaa xiran Empire Byzantine ah. In muddo ah ka 988 ee 1589 dhaqma qalab mitropolitskoe. Dheeraad ah, ka 1589 si ay u 1720 wuxuu madax ka ahaa dalka Ruushka Orthodox Church Wadaad. Oo ka 1721 si ay u 1918 kiniisadda garoomada by Synod ah. Currently, taliyaha kaliya ee Ruushka Orthodox Church Wadaad Kirill waa. Maanta Synod - taasi waa kaliya jirka la-talin.

Rules of Church Universal ee

Sida ay xeerarka guud ee Synod dunida galku ayaa yeelan kara garsoorka, sharci-dejinta, maamulka, iyo kormeera awoodda sharciyeed. Dhexgalka gobolka soo saaray qof cilmaani ah oo ay Dawladdu magacawdo. Maydadka soo socda ayaa adkeeyey shaqo wax ku ool ah ee Synod ee:

1. Xafiiska Synodal.
2. Guddiga Ruuxaani iyo barashada.
3. Maamulka Synodal daabacaadda.
4. The Office of Xeer ka.
5. looxyada Ruuxaani iyo dugsiga.
6. maareynta dhaqaalaha.

ROC u qaybsan yahay diocesi, xadka of taas oo ku beeganto xuduudaha meelaha gobolka. Resolution of Synod waa wadaaddadii ahaan, iyo talinayaa in parishioners ah. Waayo, ansaxinta qabtay kulan gaar ah oo ka mid ah Synod ee Orthodox Church Ruush (2 jeer sanadkii).

Abuuritaanka Rules Ruuxaani

xeerarka Ruuxaani ayaa loo abuuray by amarka Peter aan, Metropolitan Feofanom Prokopovichem. Qoraalkan waxa uu muujinayaa dhamaan xeerarka kaniisadda qadiimiga ah. Wajahay iska caabin ah ay u habaynta ee sheekh ah, Emperor ee Ruush iyo curin la baabiiyo awoodda raggu iyo abuuritaanka Synod ah. Shakila'aan waa xaqiiqada ah in ay ahayd ka dib, iyo ka dib hordhaca ah ee post ee Xeer, ROC ka gobolka badiyay ay xorriyadda.

sababaha rasmiga ah ee maamulka Church Synod

Shuruudaha kaasoo Church Orthodox Ruush ayaa mar aqbalay waa foomkan maamulka (amarka Peter I), ku qoran Regulation ah Ruuxaani oo waxay ahaayeen sida soo socota:

1. Dhowr Culimada adkayn kartaa runta badan ka dhaqso iyo ka khayr badan mid ka mid ah.
2. maamulka Solutions cathedral yeelan doonaan miisaan weyn iyo amar badan go'aamada nin keliya.
3. Haddii ay timaado jirro ama dhimasho taliyaha kaliya ee kiiska aan la joojiyay.
4. shakhsiyaad dhowr ah go'aan gaari karo meel fog dheeraad ah oo dhexdhexaad ah ka badan hal.
5. Mas'uuliyiintu waa dhib badan in ay saameyn ku on tiro badan oo wadaaddo, ka badan taliye kaliya ee kaniisadda.
6. In hal qof oo kale laga yaabaa kibir awood. dadka caadiga ah waa waqti isku mid ah ay adkaan doonto in la kala kaniisadda ka monarshestva ah.
7. Synod Quduuska ah ayaa had iyo jeer ku xukumi karaa falalka sharci darro ah mid ka mid ah xubnihiisa. Si quburada go'aanada qaldan ee Wadaad waa in loogu yeedho sheekh Bari. Laakiin waa mid qaali ah oo dheer.
8. Synod - horrayn waa nooc ka mid ah dugsiga, taas oo xubnaha khibrad dheeraad ah bilowga bari karaan ganacsi maamulka kaniisadda. Sayidka, kordhinta waxqabadka.

feature ugu weyn ee Synod Ruushka

Muuqaalka caan ku Synod dhawaan la abuuray Ruush ahayd in uu qirtay hierarchically siman u soo farcannay Bari. meydadka noocan oo kale ah ee dalalka kale ee Orthodox ciyaaray kaalin yar ee ninku yahay kaliya ee nin. Synod Giriigga oo qura ayaa haystay awood isku mid ah gudahood ay kaniisad waddankiisa sida Ruush. Ilaah House of labada dal mar walba lahaa in qalab aad u badan ee caadiga ah. aynu ka soo farcannay Bari loo yaqaan "walaalkiis gacaliyahayga xagga Rabbigana," Synod Quduuska ah oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush, in uu yahay, la aqoonsado ay awood siman inay isaga u gaar ah.

Qaybta taariikhiga ah ee Synod ee

Markii hore, guddiyada maamulaya ka koobnaa:

1. Madaxweynaha (Stefan Jaworski - Metropolitan ee Ryazan);
2. Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha xaddiga laba qof;
3. La taliyayaasha iyo qiimeeya ee (4 qof).

xubnaha Synod la doortay ka mid ah archimandrites, kiniisadda, abbots iyo archpriests magaalooyinka. xeerarka Church ee la go'aamiyay in la ilaaliyo xorriyadda ra'yi ee xaraynta. Sidaas Synod ma u leeyihiin in ay ka qayb qaataan labada abbots iyo Archpriests badan iyaga kiniisadda taagan. dhimashada ka dib markii Stefana Yavorskogo Jagada Guddoomiyaha la tirtiray. Laga soo bilaabo wixii ka dambeeyey, dhamaan xubnaha Synod ah ayaa barbareeyay xuquuqda. Iyada oo kooban oo jirka ka badala xilliyo muddo. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1763 waxa ka koobnaa 6 qof (3 kiniisadda, iyo 1 2 Archimandrite Fr). On 1819kii - 7 qof.

Ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib go'aanka on abuuritaanka Synod la raacay by asturidda xubin Boqortooyada ee jidhkan kormeerka qof cilmaani ah. Wuxuu la doortay wakiil ee gobolka ka mid ah saraakiisha mudan. Waxaa la yiraahdo isaga siiyey jagada "Xeer sare ee Synod ee." Sida laga soo xigtay tilmaamaha la ansixiyey by Boqortooyada ninku wuxuu ahaa "indhaha oo ka mid ah Emperor iyo Looyarka for Public." In 1726 Synod ah waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba qaybood - qiimaha ruuxiga iyo temporal.

Taariikh kooban oo ku saabsan maareynta synodal ka 1721 si ay u 1918.

In sannadaha hore ee saamaynta weyn ku go'aannada Synod ahaa Bishop Theophane. buugga kaniisad Midkoodna aan la daabacin ka maqan uu ansixiyo. ninkani waxa uu ahaa saaxiib la ah BISMARCK iyo Osterman iyo kiniisadda oo dhan, mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, waxay ahaayeen kuwo uu qabatimay. amar caynkan oo kale Theophane soo gaadhay ka dib dayrta ee xisbiga Great ee Synod ee. Waqtigaas, dowladda Soviet waxaa xilliyada adag ku jira. iska hor imaad u dhexeeya dhiba Ioannovnoy iyo gabadhii Peter Great uu keeno caddibaadda taageerayaasha ee la soo dhaafay. Marka xubnaha oo dhan ee Feofan Synod mooyee denunciation ayaa si fudud u saaray, oo meeshoodii magacaabay kale, wax badan oo dheeraad ah oo isaga daacad u yihiin. Dabcan, in ka dib markii ay gaareen xoog aan horay loo arag. Theophanes ku dhintay 1736

In dhamaadka, Elizabeth, weli kor uguma carshiga. Ka dib markii in, dhammaan xiriirada wakhtiga wadaaddadii musaafuriyay Theophanes soo noqday. Intii lagu guda jiray iyada boqortooyada ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee Orthodox Ruush ah Synod. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Empress ku patriarchate uusan weli soo kabsaday. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxaa loo magacaabay madax xeer gaar ahaan dulqaad J. Shahovsky, lama simna ahaan mid ah kulul gobolka ee arrimaha.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Peter III Synod Quduuska ah ee Orthodox Church Ruush ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay u adkaysan saamaynta Jarmal, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhamaaday la dabbaaldegaan carshiga reer binu Catherine II. No tabo cusub oo gaar ah, Boqorad this ee Synod ee aan la soo bandhigay. Waxa kaliya ee in ay sameeyeen - xiran kaydka college. Sayidka, Synod noqday mar kale midoobaan.

Under Alexander I xeer sare noqdo Prince AN Golitsyn, sida nin dhallinyaro ah oo loo sharfay sida sokoeye ee cayn kasta oo Amarkooda asalka ah. Sida nin wax ku ool ah, xataa wuxuu ka fikiray faa'iido u Synod ah, gaar ahaan marka hore. tiradaasi kaniisad caan ah Nicholas waxaan u noqday Filaret, dhisay by ashtakooday in taliyuhu uu nawaaxigeeda ee 1826. 1842. wadaadku uga qayb qaatay firfircoon shaqo ee Synod ee.

"Dark qarniyadii" oo ka mid ah Synod ee bilowgii qarnigii XX

Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay soo laabtay patriarchate ee 1917 - 18 sano. Waxay ahayd faragelinta maareynta arrimaha kiniisadda Rasputin iyo xaalad xumeyd ee xaaladda siyaasadeed ee jirka. Synod - waa lama taabtaan ee hierarchs ah. dhacdooyinka la xiriira dhimashada xubin ka mid ah eegidda jidhka ballan Anthony in uu meel ka mid ah Metropolitan Vladimir, iyo ka dib Pitirim keentay in ololiyo aan la aqbali karin in damacyadii top maamulayaasha kaniisad iyo in la abuuro jawi culus ee is aaminaad. Metropolitan Pitirim wadaadada ugu aragto "Rasputinists".

Haddii aan ka fiirsan in dhammaadka 1916, oo uu xubno badan oo kale oo Synod waxay ahaayeen kuwa raacsan boqorka Iina (tusaale ahaan, xeer oo madax ahaa Raev, maaraynta xafiiska Guriev iyo caawiyihiisa Mudrolyubov), kiniisadda bilaabay inuu fiiriyaa ku dhowaad carshigiisii boqornimada oo mucaaradka ugu weyn. Xubnaha jirka maareynta oo aan ka tirsanahay koox a doorashada ee "Rasputinists" cabsan mar kale si uu u muujiyo in ay opinion, waxay garanayeen inuu si degdeg ah loo wareejin doonaa Selo Tsarskoye ah. Ka hawlgala arrimaha leeyahay, dhab ahaantii, ma aha Synod of Church Orthodox iyo shakhsi Rasputin.

Ku noqo xukunka raggu

Ka dib markii kacaanka ee February 1917, Dawladda Ku-meelgaarka ah, si ay u saxaan xaaladda this, soo saaray amar ku-qaadista dhammaan xubnaha jidhka iyo dhaarinta ee kalfadhiga cusub ee xagaaga. Fifth August 1917 baabiiyo tiir kasta oo madax xeer iyo Wasaaradda diimaha aasaasay. Amarrada jidhka this ka wakiil ah Synod kor daabacay in January 18, 1918 Tan iyo February 14, 1918, Resolution ugu dambeeyey ee Golaha waxaa la daabacay. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumentigan, maamulka ee Synod Quduuska ah maray awowe. Xaggiisa jirka waxay noqotay wadajir ah.

Features of qaab-dhismeedka iyo awoodaha Synod casriga ah

Maanta, Synod Quduuska ah oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush waa hay'ad la-talinta in awowe. Waxaa ka mid ah xubnaha joogtada ah iyo ku meelgaar ah. ee la soo dhaafay ayaa ugu baaqay in ay kulamo diocesi iyo sidaas oo beeniyay aan u xilsaarayo xubin Synod. Maanta, jidhkan wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in wax laga beddelo xeerarka sharciyada Ruuxaani iyo qeexidda hore iyaga u soo diray si loo ansixiyo in Wadaad ah.

Guddoomiyaha iyo xubno ka mid joogto ah

Maanta hogaaminayo Synod ROC ah (adeegay sidii Guddoomiyaha), Wadaad Kirill Gundyaev. xubnaha joogtada ah waa Metropolitans:

1. Kiev iyo All Ukraine Vladimir.
2. Ladoga iyo St. Petersburg, Vladimir.
3. Oo Slutsk Minskiy Filaret.
4. All Moldova Vladimir iyo howsha garsooranimo.
5. Kolomna iyo Krutitsy Juvenal.
6. Kazakhstan iyo Astanayskiy Aleksandr.
7. Central Asian Vincent.
8. Maareynta Agaasimaha oo ka mid ah Patriarchate of Moscow iyo Mordovia Saransk Metropolitan Varsonofy.
9. Guddoomiyaha Waaxda Xiriirka Caalamiga ah Patriarchate ee Moscow, Metropolitan Volokolamskiy Illarion.

Location

Isla markii abuuritaanka Synod ahaa ee St. Petersburg on City Island. Muddo ka dib kulanka waxay bilaabeen inay in la qabtaa in dhismaha of Colleges tobankii. In 1835, Synod ku dhaqaaqay Square Senate ka. Muddo markii la joogaba kulanka wareejiyay Moscow. Tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro dabaaldega ee ciqaab ah. Bishii August 1917 Synod ugu dambayntii u wareegay Moscow. Ka hor this waxaa lahaa oo kaliya xafiiska Synodal.

In 1922, in awowe la xiray. Kulankii ugu horeeyay ee Synod lagu qabtay sano kaliya shan ka dib, 1927. Markaas sharciyeeyaa ROC ku gaari Metropolitan taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Nizhny Novgorod. Wuxuu iyaga waxaa la jiray ku meel gaar ah uuga Synod diyaarin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guga ee 1935 xubin ka ahaa mar kale kala diray on initiative ee maamulka.

Synod joogtada ah

In 1943, ee Golaha wadaadada waawayn ee Synod joogto ah loo doortay, kalfadhi oo ka mid ah oo wuxuu bilaabay in la qabto bannaan ee loogu talagalay guriga Stalin ee №5 haadka Clear. Muddo markii la joogaba ay wareejiyo qolalka Wadaad ee ku Lavra Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. Tan iyo 2009, kulan lagu qabtay meelo kala duwan oo ku saabsan doorashada madaxa Kaniisadda. Sanadkii 2011, bishii December, waxaa la furay oo wuxuuna quduus ka joogitaanka Synod awowe ee loo dayac tiray St. Daniel keniisad. Waxaa halkan waa in dhawaan maray waqti xaadirkaan shirka, kaas oo la furay Oct. 2, 2013.

Kulankii ugu dambeeyay

Ugu Shirkii ugu dambeeyey ee (lagu qabtay October 2013), fiiro badan ayaa lagu bixiyey in Ixtifaalka of 1025 guuradii ee ka Baabtiisku of Russia. Muhiim ku filan kaniisadda waa xal Synod ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in la sii wado xeerkii cuntada for guuradii kasta, iyagoo la kaashanaya maamulka gobolka. awoodda. Sidoo kale kulanka ayaa looga hadlay arrimo ku saabsan abuuritaanka diocesi cusub ee gobollada kala duwan ee dalka iyo shaqo ee culimada boos cusub. Intaa waxaa dheer, wadaaddadii qaaday Shuruucda ku saabsan barnaamijyada la xiriira tababarka dhalinyarada, iyo sidoo kale adeegayaasha iyo hawlaha bulshada.

Modern Ruush Orthodox Church Synod, in kastoo aan jidhka maamulaya, weli door muhiim ah nolosha kaniisadda. Its xukunkooda iyo go'aamada waxaa qabanaya dhammaan diocesi. post ee Xeer haatan kajirin. Sida qof walba ogyahay, kiniisadda gobolka, waxaan soocay. Iyo saamayn aad u badan oo ku saabsan siyaasadda ee labada gudaha iyo dibadda, in kasta oo ay xukunka raggu iyo madaxbannaanida oo casri ah, ma aha. Taasi waa, maamulada dawliga ah ma aha.