Style Baroque ee Russia. wakiilada Baroque ee Russia

Tani predominating yaab leh oo mararka qaar cajiib style naqshadaha iyo farshaxanka ee Yurub ka soo daahay lix iyo qarniyadii bartamihii siddeed-, aasaasay xilligii abuurniinta xoogan ee dalalka ku salaysan qaran. Waxa uu si dhow ula xidhiidha ayaa kiniisaddii iyo wareegyada laandheere. Baroque ammaaneen oo dalacsiiyay ay awood. Sidaa darteed, waayo, waxaa ugu horayn lagu gartaa nolosah dhaw, waynaanta iyo qabatinka laíaanta si cajiib ah. style Tani isku daraa nooca milaratigooda xaqiiqada, iyo waxaa jira farqiga xoog kafadood iyo garaaca, iyo sidoo kale qaabab iyo qalabka, iftiinka iyo hooska.

Description Baroque

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan koowaad ma wac style this: dalka, u nugul xad-dhaaf ah, qosol, pretentious iyo adaanaha ... sifooyinka Kuwanu waa in xilligii ay dhalashada ka dhawaajisay sida Jees. Oo maxaa yeelay, dhammaan Baroque ma ka dibna ma u dhigma ee Buzadag farshaxanka qadiimiga ah iyo naqshadaha.

Laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah u bilaabay in ay helaan mudnaanta naqshadaha cusub oo tayo leh. Baroque ku dhashay Italy. dalka Tani waxa ay ahayd waqti in xarunta dhaqanka, halkaas oo style this bilaabay inuu March triumphal guud ahaan Yurub. Oo mid kasta oo ka mid ah Maraykanka baroque si ay u bartaan sifooyin ay qaranka.

naqshadaha Baroque ee Russia, ay ka mid yihiin, ugu horrayn saamayn ku ay baaxadda iyo kakanaanta. Waxay calaamad u badan oo adag, sida caadiga ah, noocyo curvilinear, colonnades weyn. On the guriyo ee dhismaha wakhtigaas oo ay fiiriyaan badnaa ee farshaxan in gudaha ay. Waxaa sidoo kale jira qubbad multi-heer leh qaababka adag. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin ee naqshadaha Baroque la odhan karaa ST. Peter ee Vatican-ka. faahfaahinta style kala yihiin Atlanteans, caryatids taageeraya meelaha dedan oo tiirar ka ciyaaro door, iyo sidoo kale mascarones - qurxinta sculptural in qaab reer aadanaha madaxa ama gafuurka of xayawaan ka hore.

Waa naqshadaha, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, Baroque la matalayay oo dhan ay kala duwanaanshaha iyo buuxnaantiisa. All injineero Abuuran shuqulladoodu in style this, way adag tahay in wax tiriya. Waxaa Talyaaniga Bernini, Borromini iyo Maderna, Jan Poland glaubitz iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Naqshadle Ruush, shuqulladiisa oo loo saarin karaa in Baroque ah, tixgeliyo horrayn Rastrelli. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay in uu horumariyo dalkeena si gaar ah.

asalka ah ee baroque Ruush

bilowgii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Russia ayaa loo calaamadeeyay by munaasabadaha waaweyn. Ka dib dhammaystirka wacan ee Dagaalkii Northern iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah dib u habaynta Butros, dalka wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhaqan ahaan horumarinta, iyo dhaqaale. ah ee St. Petersburg, sidoo kale, ay ahayd dhacdo muhiim ah, waxaa ku calaamadsan bilowgii marxaladda cusub ee taariikhda ma aha oo kaliya noo gaar ah, laakiin sidoo kale ka mid ah naqshadda dhismaha dunida. Waa la this oo waxay bilaabeen, dhab ahaantii, faafidda Architecture Baroque ee qarnigii 18aad. In Russia, dhismaha oo ka mid ah caasimadda iyo agagaarkeedii soo ururiyeen ma aha oo kaliya gudaha, laakiin sidoo kale injineero of Western Europe. ajandaha horumarinta magaalooyinka The wayn ahayd mid ku salaysan dhaqanka ee naqshadaha Ruush.

isbeddellada Western Yurub

Si kastaba ha ahaatee Petersburg naqshadaha waqtiga Peter aan, waana - bilood ee hore ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, inkastoo ayaa sameeyay sida a sifooyinka mas'uul ka dhab ah qaranka maxalliga ah, halka waqti isku mid ah ka tarjumaya natiijada horumarinta qaababka badan oo dhismaha reer galbeedka Yurub. Waxaa jiray dad isuga mabda'a iyo sare organic ah Hababka iyo shisheeye naqshadda. Sayidka bilaabay xilligii Baroque ee Russia.

Xaaladdan oo kale, habka milmaan iyo processing hal abuur ah Hababka Western, dhab ahaantii, dib u qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad tagaa, marka hoos Ivan III in Moscow yimid in ay ka shaqeeyaan Talyaaniga. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii toddoba iyo saamaynta ajaanibta kordhay marka columns madaxtooyada iyo entablature, gables, jar iyo yabban farshaxan si tartiib tartiib ah waxay bilaabeen in ay ku faafaan naqshadaha Ruush.

style Baroque ee Russia

isagu ma helaan yaabaa shaan ee dalkeenna. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhaleecayn ku qalloocan classicism naqshadaha, ay yihiin, hase ahaatee, ma aanan arkin kale in ay "ka tiirar iyo domes." Rogaal dooday mudnaanta nooleenta Gothic iyo "Renaissance", laakiin ereyga "baroque" ee Russia isticmaalka fogaadaa. naqshada caan Bryullov intii uu socdaalka ku Italy waxaa ka sasay by "dhadhanka kharribmay" iyo curiyay aan macquul ahayn ee Borromini.

Oo ereyga "baroque Ruush" oo kaliya in ku tiris sahamisa ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad N. Sultanov naqshadaha Ruush qadiimiga ah la soo bandhigay. In Russia, waxaa loo qoondeeyey naqshadaha pre-Markos qarnigii toddoba. Tan iyo markaas, waxaa jiray fikirka ah jiritaanka, kuwaas oo wajiga hore ee style this horumariyo ee 1640 ee.

Marka la qeexo, Likhachev, Baroque in Russia ayaa la wareegay qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka of Renaissance ah, kaas oo ahaa in ku filan muujiyey awoodaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ereyga "baroque Ruush" ee Russia, iyo guud ahaan aan adduunka laga aqbalay by khubaro dunida oo dhan. Sidaa darteed, waxa uu arkaa in shuruud, laakiin magaca waa la qabsaday in qaws.

Si rasmi ah, in tayada ay la mid tahay qaabka mannerism. Waxaa hoosta laga xariiqay dhowr marxaladood: "Naryshkin", "Golitsyn", "baroque Peter ee Russia" (qarnigii 18aad, quarter ugu horeysay) iyo "baaluq", Iyadoo lagu tilmaamayo wakhtiyada Elizabethan. style dambe waxaa ugu cad u soo bixitaankii shuqullada F. Rastrelli yar dhismayaasha badan oo St. Petersburg.

Naryshkin ama Moscow baroque

By style taas macnaheedu waa koox ka mid ah kuwo macbudyo dhaca, dhisay this Knights caanka iman. Naryshkin style baroque ee Russia la soo bandhigay by shuqullada sida Isboortiga oo ka mid ah toddoba iyo dabayaaqadii - hore qarniyo siddeed iyo sida Kiniisadda Fili iyo Trinity-Lykov, in hat iyo Dubrovitsy, iyo sidoo kale saadaasha ah, taas oo la dhisay on Maroseyka.

Khubarada u wac hab qaar ka mid ah ay wareega xiga, taas oo D. foomka la gediyay oo naqshadda dhismaha ee qaalisan Western, sida amar iyo xubno ay, yabban madaxtooyada iyo asal baroque t.

Maqaallo style Naryshkin naqshadaha

Wuxuu u yimid waqti muhiim u ah our naqshadaha. Taasi waa marka style Ruushka raggu si tartiib tartiib ah bilaabay inuu dhex gelin isbeddellada ka Europe. From naqshadaha qarnigii lix, waxaa qoreysa tamarta a toosan cabaar in durko weheliyaan geesaha on derbiyada dhinacooda iyo gooye gana hirarka xaqse.

Waayo, dhismaha Zaman this of naqshadaha Ruush waxa lagu gartaa isku dar ah ee isbeddellada is burinaya ee dhismayaasha arkay heterogeneity dhismayaasha iyo decoration. Dhismaha "Naryshkin" baroque ee Russia, gaar ahaan Moscow, waxaa jira Aayaadkanaga oo Cad Cad of mannerism Yurub, iyo eg Gothic ah, waxaa jira qayb ka ah in hormariyo dalka iyo nasjonalromantiske, iyo waxa oo dhan ku biiro dhaqanka ee naqshadda dhismaha alwaax iyo dhagaxyo la qadiimiga ah.

style Golitsyn

Tartiib tartiib u bilaabay horumarinta baroque ee Russia. In meel of style ka duwan Naryshkin gaaray Moscow naqshadaha - Golitsyn, taas waxaa loo arkaa KMG ah. Isaga oo la Shafay ee tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, iyo saamaynta ay ku adkaystay ilaa bartamihii qarnigii la mid ah.

Dhismaha ugu horeysay, ka taagay in qaab baroque ee Russia, tixgeliyaa Kiniisadda Dubovica in Perov, Volyn, keniisad Laurentian in Kaluga. In la barbardhigo, "Naryshkin" in decoration dhismayaasha "Golitsyn" sii kordheysa loo isticmaalo xubno Gaarna Baroque. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xalka design ay, ka kooban of Muga go'doon iyo Arrays qof u xiran yihiin oo u dhaw in Renaissance Yurub. Hufnaan qorshaha la halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo foomamka, weheliso ah oo mataano ah gudaha taajirka uga taxadiri badan Baroque in Russia ay la tusaalooyin classic of naqshadaha qadiimiga ah. Gaar ahaan si cad waxaa laga arki karaa in dhismayaasha ka dib - kaniisadda St. Peter iyo Paul Cathedral ee Moscow, iyo sidoo kale in Troekurova iyo Yakimanka.

style Stroganoff

Tani stylistic jihada dhamaadka naqshadaha Ruush oo ka mid ah qarniyo toddoba iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad bilaabi dhismayaasha caan ka taagay on amarka saarka foomka, kii ka dib markii la magacaabay.

By taxadiri xagjirka ee Moscow Stroganoff ku baroque ku kala duwan yihiin Dhawrista Ruush dushana dhaqanka shan domed macbudka, on taas oo wayn, sida haddii qabanqaabiyey by gacanta, Qurxinta baroque. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid Kazan ee Ustyuzhna, Smolensk ee Gordeevka tuulada Christmas in Nizhny Novgorod iyo kaniisadaha kale oo badan, iyo sidoo kale Vvedensky cathedral, dhisay Solvychegodsk.

baroque Butros

Waxa loo adeegsaday by taariikhyahan tahay in qaabka dhismaha, kaas oo lagu ansixiyey Peter aniga iyo aad loo isticmaali jirin ee St. Petersburg. qaab shuruud Limited, waa sii saaraynaa model Swedish, Jarmal iyo injineero Dutch. naqshadaha Baroque ee Russia tan iyo Reformer Great ahaa dhismaha inta badan ta dhowba, la dhadhan ah classicism iyo Qarniyadii Gothic. Si loo yareeyo kala duwanaanta Peter xal injineero in style tani waxay noqon kartaa oo kaliya degree ah shurrud.

naqshadaha ee waqtigan lagu gartaa xog la dhismaha volumetric, waxaa jira in badan oo dhigoodu cad iyo suunka kursiga, inta badan lagu arkay Fasirka guriyo planar. Marka la barbardhigo baroque Naryshkin ee Russia, Peter Great waa diidmada qiyaano of xeerkii Byzantine, oo heysatay injineero our ku dhawaad todobo qarniyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira farqi ka style Golitsynsky si toos ah u waxyoonay by tusaalooyinka Talyaani ama Austria.

wakiillo ka dhalaalaya

door qiimo horumarinta Baroque ee Russia ma ciyaaray kaliya Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale injineero shisheeye badan oo si fiican u yaqaan. Mid ka mid ah wakiillo ka socda dugsiyada galbeedka, shaqeeyaan ee dalkeenna, waa Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli - ina sculptor Talyaani ah, ka adeegi jiray barxadda King Louis XIV. Siidi ahaa erayadii uu biographer, aad waayo-aragnimo dhismaha uu ku urursaday Russia. In artist ah oo aad u hibada, Rastrelli ayaa u suurtagashay in uu noqon dhise u yiqiin oo mashquulin meel aad u sarreeya ee maxkamadda, waxaa loo magacaabay "ayuu yiri taliyaha dhise." Shuqulkiisa sannadaha 1740-1750 ayaa gaadhay jiro boosaska.

wakiilada kale ee caanka ah ee Baroque ee Russia - waa A. V. Kvasov, loogu talagalay iyo dhisay Selo Grand Tsarskoye ka Palace ka hor inta uusan u habeyn ku sameeyo by Rastrelli. Waayo, shaqo ka mid ah ma wada ilaaliyo, in goobta Haymarket ee Church of male ah ee Virgin Mary barakaysan. injineero No yar si fiican u yaqaan ee Zaman baroque Ruush waa P. Trezzini, A. Vista iyo, dabcan, in Russia shaqeyneysey tan iyo 1760-th wakiilka dhalaalaya 1770-th shisheeye ee style this of Antonio Rinaldi. The dambe, dhismayaasha hore uu weli sarkhaansan yihiin "da '" Baroque iyo ka dib u dhaqaaqay classicism, taas oo in dalkeena uu yahay kaliya in ay bilaw. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay si cad u sheegeen in Rinaldi waa wakiilka dhab this style hore, wax aan macquul aheyn.

Dhismayaasha Ruush Baroque

abuurka ku filan loo yaqaan ee Rastrelli - galidoonaan ah ee Smolny Convent, dhisay sano ee 1748-1764 ee St. Petersburg. Waxaa la abuuray xeerka Ruush ah ensembles la mid ah ka tirsan qarnigii hore. No la garanayo ee ka yar yihiin magaalada waqooyi ee laba daaraha waaweyn Elizabethan gobta - Stroganov iyo M. Vorontsov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in meesha ugu horeysa ka mid shuqullada Rastrelli taagan, dabcan, Palace Winter ah, taas oo la dhisay siddeed sannadood. Waxaa lagu soo dhamaystay 1762-m. Waxay ahayd halkan heerka ugu sareeya ee talent dhise ee. Ka mid ah masterpieces kale Baroque - Palace Grand ee Tsarskoye Selo, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Iyagu waa sifaha aad u dhalaalaya style in adkaaday bartamihii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad-ee Russia. horumar ah ee hal-abuurka cajiib ah naqshadeeyaha ugu P. Trezzini ku nuuxnuuxsaday, Theodore Church, oo ku yaalla Nevsky Alexander ku Lavra. Maanta, wax badan oo muran ka taagnaa milkiga square dhisay on Vladimir Cathedral ee isku magaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo dhiiran tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin in aanay ahayn sayidkiisa aan la garanayn, kuwaas oo P. Trezzini, jecel tartamaya la Rastrelli, abuuray dhamaadka 1760 ee quruxda cajiib ah kiniisadda. Waa inaan sheegaa in, nasiib daro, dhismayaasha aad u badan oo ka tirsan naqshadeeyaha ugu, markii danbe laga dhisay ama si fudud u waayay.

I ha ka daahina dambeeya facooda iyo Rinaldi, yaa abuuray dhowr kaniisado Orthodox, isku xubno badan oo ka mid Baroque. Gaar ahaan, tani waa Cathedral Andrew ayaa shan domes domes iyo munaaraddii dawan multi-dabaq sare, Boathouse, oo ku yaalla daaraha qalcaddayda, Chinese iyo marmar ah. Arintaan waxaa loo arkaa arrin gaar ah naqshadaha Ruush.