Sirdoonka Israel: Magaca, halku. Sida loo gudbiyo xubnaha sirdoonka Israel?

hay'adaha sirdoonka Good ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa damaanad ah xasiloonida gobolka. Mid ka mid ah ururada ugu awood waa sirdoonka Israel. The dhacdooyinka biloowday agagaarka jiritaanka aad u of Gobolka Israa'iil, isaga eryay in la abuuro shabakad xoogan oo wakiilada. Aan u ogaato waxa magaca sirdoonka Israel, eegno taariikhda iyo gool aasaasay hore iyada.

Background abuurka ah hay'adaha sirdoonka

sirdoonka Israel ee dareen gaar ah ka hore intuusan soo bixitaanka of State reer binu Israa'iil. Back ee 1929 waxaa jiray urur gaar ah, kaas oo ahaa si loo hubiyo ammaanka Yuhuudda ku nool Palestine, dhanka ah weerar of baadiyaha ah, iyo in la siiyo wadiiqooyinka hayaanka sharci darada ah ee Israel. Waxaa loo yaqaan adeegga "Shay Given." Waxay ahayd mid sidoo kale ku lug wakiilada shaqaalaysiinta ka mid ah baadiyaha ah.

Ka dib markii helo qarannimada Israel sanadkii 1948, waxaa jiray hay'ad sida ujeedada gaarka ah sida Aman iyo "Shabak" oo addeecay waaxda difaaca. Intaa waxaa dheer, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda, waxaa jiray urur gaar ah in uu leeyahay hawlaha sirdoonka - maamul siyaasadeed.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ururka waaxaha oo dhan waa miskiin. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay midba midka kale ku tartami, inta badan joogta aheyn dhaqmeen dhibaato geysto, in. Markaas dawladda Israel bilaabay inuu ka fikiro abuuro adeegga sirdoonka hal on model ah American.

Dhacdo of "Mossad"

Sirdoonka Israel Modern la odhan jiray "Mossad". The xaaladaha kor ku xusan ayaa ka dhigay in laisla. Sirdoonka Israel, "Mossad" abaabulay bishii April 1951. In geeddi-socodka of Abuurkiisa qaaday qayb ka mid ah si toos ah, Ra'iisul-wasaaraha Israeli David Ben-Gurion.

"Mossad" waxaa la aasaasay by biirto ah "Institute for Central Intelligence iyo Amniga" iyo "hay'ad Qabanqaabada dhexe." Agaasimaha hore ee ururka cusub noqday Reuven Shilo'ax, naaneeso Mr. Intelligence, taas oo si toos ah hoos timaada Ben-Gurion.

The sano ee hore ee jiritaanka

Dabcan, ma ahan oo keliya sirdoonka Israel "Mossad" ayaa helay amar caalami ah, iyada oo kaliya oo dhan shaqeeyo. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan sannadood ayay u suuragashay in ay soo jeedin ururka this galay hab si fiican u shaqeeyo. Marka hore, ee "Mossad" ma ahaa xataa nolosha hawl iyo, Sidaa darteed, ilaa 1957 u lahaa in ay ku lug leeyihiin wakiilada ciidamada kale ee ammaanka Israel.

In 1952, Reuven Shilo'ax, ogaaday in hawsha aad u badan isaga, iska casilay. The sirdoonka Israel ayaa helay madaxa cusub - Isser Harel. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa mas'uul hay'adaha kale ujeedada gaarka ah. In uu si dhab ah loogu tiriyey leh Abuuridda "Mossad" dhismeedka sirdoonka sare. La yaab ma laha uu David Ben-Gurion siiyey naaneesta Harel Memune in fasiraya ka Hebrew sida "masuul ka." Oo Isser Harel runtii ku haboon in urur oo ka mid ah hawlaha sirdoonka mas'uulna ka dheregtaan. Waxay ahayd uu ugu horayn ku leedahay ay soo bixitaanka of sirdoonka Israel. Magaca mudada goorta Harel ee xilka adeegyada ammaanka istaagay, u muuqataa sidii xilligii Memune.

muddo Manhajkooda

Isser Harel waxaa la abuuray sirdoonka casriga ah Israel, laakiin hore 60-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay lahaa khilaaf dhab ah la yeeshay Ra'iisul Wasaare David Ben-Gurion, ishiisu adeegyada qarsoon oo la odhan jiray Man Hore. Sababtoo ah ee khilaafka this Memune iska casilay. Madaxa cusub ee "Mossad" ahaa Agaasimihii hore ee sirdoonka ciidamada, Meir Amit, wakhtigaas, isagoo ku darajo wayn ee Major General.

Isser Harel ayaa abuuray dhismeedka wax ku ool ah sirdoonka, laakiin isbedelka cusub uu dalbaday in dib u habayn ah waxa ku jira. Gaar ahaan, mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu weyn ee ahaa hordhaca ah ee computerization oo ayna ka mid ah shaqaalaha ka mid ah "Mossad". arimahan oo dhan waxaa lagu xalinayo Meir Amit, oo isna wuxuu ula qabsanay hawlaha. First of dhan, Amit amar ku eryayo kuwa shaqaalaha aan buuxinayn shuruudaha ay. Waxa uu horumariyo hab cusub oo si qorshaynta istaraatiijiga ah iyo soo bandhigay adeegsiga tiknolojiyada macluumaad sare.

Merit "Mossad" waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ka hor maalinta War Lix, dawladda Israel ayaa lagu yaqaan in ay dhammaan xogta muhiimka ah oo ku saabsan cadowga, iyo natiijada ka, waa mid fudud in wax ku guuleysan ciidamada isbahaysiga Carabta u dhaafi doonaan Israa'iil.

Laakiin wax kasta ma noqon karaan siman, iyo adeega sirdoonka Israel waa laga reebo lahayn. Waxaa jiray dhowr ah oo fashilaad iyo fadeexado, ugu caansan ee dhacay 1965, marka in Paris "Mossad" ayaa la afduubay iyo dilay siyaasi Morocco Ben Barka. Dhacdadani waxa ay sababtay cadhadii Madaxweynaha Faransiiska Charles de Gaulle. Fadeexadii noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Israa'iil Laawi Eshkol marmarsiiyo rasmi ah casaankii la Meir Amit 1968. Marka Dhab ahaantii sababta dhabta ahayd jecel yihiin in ay arkaan Eshkol ah ee xilka qofka ka mid ah adeegyada gaarka ah, taas oo uu ku maamuli kari lahaa.

Taariikhda xiga ee "Mossad"

Madaxa cusub ee "Mossad" ahaa Zvi Zamir. Haddii hore hawlaha hay'adaha sirdoonka reer binu Israa'iil ku amray ugu horayn ka dhanka ah dalalka in ay bixiyaan khatar military isaga si, hadda sirdoonka Israel ay diiradda saareen dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha argagixisada ah, in uu abaabulo weerarrada argagixisada ka dhanka ah Israel. Muhiim gaar ah arrintan ayaa helay ka dib weerarkii argagixiso ee Olympics Munich ee 1972.

Tani waxay diiradda xad-dhaaf ah oo ku saabsan dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada ahayd sababta in dowladda Israel ahaa garoobin iyo bilowgii dagaalka October la isbahaysiga ka mid ah dalalka Carabta ee 1973. Inkasta oo in dhamaadka, Israa'iil iyo adkaaday, ay ku kalifto in khasaaraha ilaa xad badan oo shaqaale. failure Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta ugu weyn ee isbedelka ee madaxa "Mossad". Agaasimaha New magacaabay Yitzhak Hofi. fiiro gaar ah uu bixiyo si loo yareeyo barnaamijka nuclear Ciraaq ayaa la kaas oo si guul leh u la qabsadaan. Laakiin Hofi lahaa maskax culus-a soo jiidasho leh, iyo in 1982 iska casilay.

In ka badan labaatankii sano ee soo socota, madaxda "Mossad" waxaa loo doortay by Nahum Admoni, Shabtai Shavit, Danny Yatom, Efraim Halevy. The howlgalka ugu guulaha badan ee xilligan 1988 ahaa tirtiridda mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha godu Fatah Abu Jyhad. Laakiin muddo this waqti sidoo kale tiro badan oo ka baaqsadey. Tan waxaa xoogaa hoos u sumcad ka hor ku dhowaad jariiradu "Mossad".

Muddada casriga ah ee hawlaha "Mossad"

In 2002, madaxa "Mossad" ahaa Meir Dogan. Wuxuu qabtay dibuhabaynta cusub ee ururka. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, "Mossad" lahaa si ay u fuliyaan hawlaha gaarka ah ee loogu talagalay la dagaalanka argagixisada oo aan nuqul hawlaha Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda. Under hoggaanka Dogan la sameeyay tiro ka mid ah hawlaha guulaystay in la burburiyo madaxdii ururada argagixisada.

In 2011, Ra'iisul Wasaare Netanyahu go'aansaday inuu madax bedelka "Mossad". Madaxa cusub ee ururka noqday Tamir Pardo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sii wadaan in ay "Mossad" in line, dhisay by isaga ka horeeyay, inkastoo lagu jiro maamulka Pardo ayaa iska bedelay shaqaalaha la taaban karo.

Magaca iyo hal ku dhiga ah "Mossad"

Dad badan ayaa la yaabi lahayd sababta sirdoonka Israel loo yaqaan "Mossad". Ma aha gaabinta ah iyo soo gaabiyay magaca buuxa, oo af Cibraaniga lagu muuqataa sidii ha-Mossad le-Modiin in meyuhadim al-tafkidim, kaas oo tarjumayaa "sirdoonka iyo hawlaha gaarka ah waaxaha". Sayidka, turjumaad suugaan erayga "Mossad" - ". Office The"

hal ku dhiga ah ee adeegga Israeli sirdoonka "Mossad" - oraah ka buug of Maahmaahyadii Sulaymaan: "talo jirin, dadku waa dhacaa, laakiin in la taliyayaal badan." dhigyo Taas macnaheedu waa in wacyi - fure u ah jiritaanka guulaha ee gobolka. Waa isku daygii ugu dambeeyay ee dhaxalka ah ee State casriga ah ee Israa'iil ay xoogga saaraan inay boqortooyadii qadiimiga ahaa dalka Yahuudah.

Ujeedooyinka iyo qaab-dhismeedka ururka "Mossad"

Ujeedooyinka ugu waaweyn ee "Mossad" waa in macluumaad ururin dibadda bixisaa shabakad ka kooban wakiilada, falanqaynta xogta la soo ururiyay oo loo fuliyo hawlgalada gaarka ah ee dibadda.

Head of ururka "Mossad" waa agaasimaha yahay si toos ah hoos timaada madaxda u ahaa toban waaxaha, madaxda u ahaa tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee waxqabad ah ee adeegyada ammaanka.

Waa in la ogaadaa in, inkastoo cayimayo ee hawlihiisa, "Mossad" waa urur madani ah halkii dhisme milatari. Sidaa darteed, in sirdoonka ah ma jiraan darajo ciidan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in tiro badan oo dad ah, oo labadoodaba waxaa ka tababarayaasha iyo ka darajo iyo file xubno ka mid ah "Mossad", waxay leeyihiin waayo-aragnimo ballaaran ee ciidanka.

qaliin caan

Ururka "Mossad" taariikhda jiritaankeeda, qabtay tiro badan oo ah hawlaha gaarka ah ee kala duwan.

Hawlgalka ayaa marka hore, oo helay warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay dunida oo dhan, wuxuu ahaa afduubka 1960 dagaalka Nazi dambi Adolfa Eyhmana ka Argentina, lagu eedeeyay xasuuq Yuhuudda lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. mujrim ayaa waxaa ugu dhaqsiyaha badan lagu xukumay reer binu Israa'iil oo lagu xukumay dil. "Mossad" ayaa si rasmi ah u xaqiijiyay in ay hogaaminta qorshaha of qabtay.

hawlgalka Resonant ahaa 1962-1963 ee "Seef of Damocles", nuxurka ah taas oo ahayd in xididada jirka ah ee tacliinta ku lug leh horumarinta gantaalaha ballistic for Masar.

Ka dib weerarkii argagixiso ee Olympics Munich ee 1972 iyo 1992, "Mossad" lagu qabtay taxane ah oo dhacdooyin magaca code "Cadho Ilaah" ee, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in la baabi'iyo xubno ka tirsan ururka argagixisada ah "Black September", lug ku lahaayeen dhimashada ee ciyaartoyda Israeli.

In 1973, ka dhalaalaya "Operation Spring Dhalinyarada", inta lagu guda jiro taas oo la burburiyay ku saabsan konton wakiilada ururada kala duwan xag Arab ee xarunta PLO ee lagu qabtay Beirut, Lubnaan. Khasaaraha ka mid ah naftooda Kumaandooska Israel ahaa dad laba kaliya.

Hawlgalka ugu danbeysay ee weyn ee la xidhiidha ee "Mossad" waa in xididada loo 2010 ee UAE ka mid ah madaxda kooxda xag-jirka ah Hamas Mahmuda Al-Mambhuha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiijin rasmi ah oo ku lug sirdoonka Israel in ay dhacdo la raacin.

Ururada kale ee sirdoonka

Laakiin "Mossad" wali waa ururka keliya ee Israa'iil, oo ku hawllan yahay hawlaha sirdoonka ma. Sida kor ku xusan, in 1948 uu aasaasay adeegga qarsoon "Shabak", kuwaas oo hadafkoodu yahay in ay hubiyaan in ay counter-sirdoonka gudaha iyo ammaanka oo reer binu Israa'iil. Ururku wuxuu u jiraa in aannu mar.

Intaa waxaa dheer, urur kale sirdoonka sii ilaa maantadan la joogo, waxaa la sameeyay isku 1948. Waxaa aman, ujeedada taas oo ah sirdoonka ciidanka. Sidaas darteed, "ayuu Mossad", "Shabak" iyo aman - saddex hay'adaha sirdoonka waaweyn ee reer binu Israa'iil.

adeegga gaarka ah "Nativ"

In muddada u dhaxaysa 1937 iyo 1939 waxaa la abuuray by adeeg qarsoon ee habayn la horyaalka "Mossad le-Aliya Bet." Ujeeddada koowaad ee waa in la horumariyo socdaalka sharci darada ah ee ummadda Yuhuudda ee Palestine, wakhtigaas, sida ay League of Nations loo igmaday, waxa laga saaray maamulkii Ingiriiska.

Horeba 1951, ka dib markii formation of gobolka reer binu Israa'iil, "ayuu Bet Mossad le-Aliya" ayaa lagu kala diri iyo beddelaa urur cusub, loogu magac daray "Nativ". Waxay sameeyey hawlaha arrin gaar ah. Sirdoonka Israel "Nativ" takhasusay hubinta xaq u celinta Yuhuudda ka Midowga Soofiyeeti, kuwaas oo socdaalka in Israa'iil uu si aad ah oo kharribma. Hirgelinta shaqada this waxaa fuliyey in ay ka mid yihiin iyada oo cadaadis siyaasadeed ee hoggaanka Midowga. Hawlaha adeegyada ammaanka 'ah "Nativ" ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ahaa xiriirka taageero dadka Yuhuudda ah, kuwaas oo ku sugnaa gudaha dalka Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dalalka kale ee garabka Soviet.

Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dayrta ee taliskii communist ahaantii baahida loo qabo urur noocan ah ayaa la waayay. "Nativ" badiyay xaaladda adeegyada ammaanka iyo waxa ay hadda uun dayactirka xiriirka Yuhuuddii oo ka mid ah CIS iyo dalalka Baltiga. Maalgelinta waxa si weyn hoos. Khubarada qaar ayaa xitaa dhihi tirtiridda dhamaystiran oo baahida loo qabo in ururka ay sabab u tahay wax matare.

statements resonance

Inkastoo, sida kor ku xusan, "Nativ" sida sirdoonka ah, ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti oo laga badiyay ay muhiimadda, hase ahaatee ka hor inta shaqada waxa ku jira la kulmaan, ku raaxaysan sharafta weyn. In qofka noocan oo kale ah waa madaxa hore ee sirdoonka Israel Yakov Kedmi (dhashay Yakov Kazakov), ka 1992 ilaa 1999 uu qabtay jagada madaxa ururka "Nativ". Waqtigan xaadirka ah waxa uu ka fariistay, laakiin u dhaqmo sida khabiir ku ah siyaasadda on television Israel.

Weedhaha-profile sare ugu waa ninkii ku faani karno sirdoonka Israel, oo ku saabsan Putin iyo Poroshenko. guga More 2014 Kedmi sheegay in lagu eedeeyey ugu horeysay samayn lahaa wax si ay u awoodaan si ay u xakameeyaan Ukraine, sida Ukraine ayaa goysiga si NATO si toos ah oo khatar galinaya ammaanka Russia ee. Waxbaa ka dib, madaxa hore ee sirdoonka si adag u dhalleeceeyay ay dowladda waxa uu qirtay booqasho Poroshenko ee Israa'iil. About Madaxweynaha Ukraine hadaladiisa ay ahaayeen ka sii maratay. In canaanta Petru Poroshenko Kedmi dhigeysa waxa uu gacan ka geysaneysaa dhismaha Stepan Koffee - qofka la xidhiidha dilkii ballaaran oo Yuhuud ah - in ay ku darajo ee geesi qaranka ee Ukraine.

sifooyinka guud ee sirdoonka Israel

The sirdoonka Israel ayaa muddo dheer oo u qalmeen ayaa xaaladda mid ka mid ah ugu xirfadeed ee dunida. Haddii hore ku qaatay tusaale ah ee dhigooda ah Britain iyo USA, waa hadda wakiilada dalalka kale raacdo tusaalaha "Mossad", "Shabak" iyo ururo kale oo gaar ah ee reer binu Israa'iil.

Ciidamada Best gaar ah oo adduunka ah, sida ay u yeedheen xubno ka mid ah sirdoonka Israel, sharaf ka jawaabaan khatar kasta oo ay sidoodii xitaa marka aan iyadu waxay heli kartaa qaab kala duwan. Waa in sirdoonka reer binu Israa'iil oo mahad - dalka run ahaantii la hareereeyey by cadaawayaashooda - ma aha oo kaliya ma aysan joogsan jiritaankeeda, laakiin sidoo kale waa meel ay barwaaqo dhaqaale ee Bariga Dhexe.