Sidee Turk The qarnigii 18aad uu karin inuu Doqon dunida?

Waayo, wax badan oo ka mid ah 19-kii qarniyo 18aad iyo horraantii dabayaaqadii Turk The yaqaan Turk soo jiidatay dadkii badnaa ka mid ah Dadka Dayi Yurub iyo Maraykanka oo dhan. Dhab ahaantii, robot ku qiyaasay, ku garaacday kooxda martida ah ee bandhiga ahaa khiyaano a grand. Laakiin mishiinka si ingeniously loogu talagalay in uu ahaa awoodaan in ay Doqon dadweynaha muddo dheer 80 sano. Ka hor inta uu qarsoodiga lagu soo dajiyey, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ku garaacday taageerayaasha chess saameynta badan sida, sida Napoleon Bonaparte iyo Benjamin Franklin.

Bilowgii taariikhda Maraykanka

Bilowga ee 1826 yaqaan in Europe "sayidkiisa chess" gaaray New York kula ugu horeysay ee. Muujinaysaa mishiinka ayaa si weyn loo xayaysiiyo. Kumanaan qof ayaa ka bartay oo ku saabsan imaanshaha yaabab smart of articles wargeyska iyo xayeysiinta. Ma jiraan wax aan caadi ahayn in xaqiiqda ah in bandhiga ugu horeysay lagu qabtay Broadway at Hotel Qaranka hotel, qof kasta oo aan meel laga yaabaa yahay. Waxaa jiray kooxda martida kaliya 200. Si ay farxad weyn in qolka wuxuu lahaa laba wanaagsan GM. dadweynaha ayaa maqlay oo ku saabsan laga adkaan karin ee mashiinka, mar hore ayaa dhammaan dalalka ugu weyn u safray in Europe. Laakiin Rashiid Gaaruf, American ma laga filayay badnaa. Waxay yihiin aad u fudud shuruud la'aan dhiibay.

peak ee caan

In America, farax dadweynaha waxaa ay taageerayaan oo dhan publications ugu weyn ee dalka. Waxay kooxda kaalinta macluumaad ku saabsan sayidkii jabin karin grand soo qoro bogaga hore. Oo mar kasta ee hoolasha buuxda Eegi iyo aad u badan, in rajada ah in ugu yaraan hal qof nasiib ku lahaa inaan ku guuleysto. At maskaxda ugu fiican waqtiga ay jirto su'aal macquul ah: sida robot ah si farsamaysan mar walba maamulayo ee aan looga badinin? Waxa ay u muuqatay in Turk waa ay awoodaan in ay ka hadlaan. Sidee kale si ay u sharxaan uu kartida aqooneed ee dagaalka kula grandmasters ugu adag ee uu waqti? Qofna ma diidi doonaa chess in - waa ciyaarta ugu adag caqliga.

Austria Baron doonayay in lagu soo qabto malaha Empress ah

Mashiinka Tani xariif ahayd in ay dhex maraan dhowr milkiilayaasha awoodaan. Turk markii ugu horaysay soo bandhigay maxkamadda oo ka mid ah Austro-Hungarian Empress Maria Theresa ee 1769. alifay of mucjisadan waa Austria Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. Ninkanu wuxuu lahaa sumcad for beenaale ah, isagu xaq buu isu keenay ugu barxaddii sharaf magaca hindisa ee. Laakiin waxa uu mar walba rabay inuu soo jiito male Empress iyo iyada dhaartay in la qorsheeyo mashiinka a in kor maraysa oo dhan madadaalo ah in uu ahaa oo kaliya soo hindiseen nin ilaa iyo haatan. In si ay u shaqeeyaan on mashruuca aan la kala gooyey arrimaha kale ee ku cidhiidhinaya, Maria Theresa siiyey hindisa ee fasax dheer.

Waxa ay u muuqatay sida Turkigu?

Uu ilmahaagu ahayn aadanaha a size-full masaasad. robot ayaa had iyo jeer ka danbeeya a dharka dhawri jiray alwaax waaweyn fadhiistay. farsamo Gudaha garabaka gudaha saacadood, iyadoo wax badan oo cranks iyo kabaal. Sam mannequin ku labisan dhar midabo Turkey, oo madaxiisay saareen ahaa duub dhaqameedyada, iyo tube gacanta. Waa sababta oo ah image asalka this qoriga oo la odhan jiray Turk.

gaariga ayaa u muuqday lix bilood ka dib

Wolfgang von Kepel maxkamadda ku soo laabtay lix bilood ka dib. waxqabadka ugu horeeya ee ka dhacay Turk ee 1770 si ay u Maria Theresa iyo koox dad ah maxkamada. Qof kasta oo daawaday sida hindisa giringiriyey manikin kaalinta on height golaha wasiirada ee 1.2 mitir ah. Ka dibna waxa uu bilaabo inuu u dhaqmaan, taas oo sii wadi doonaa in lagu celiyo jeer xad-dhaaf ah, Kempelen albaabbada u furay si ay ka qaybgalayaashu kulligoodna waxay ahaayeen qanacsanahay in aan fadhiya qof. kaamil goobjoog arkay hab ay gudaha ee qalabka. Waxay ahaayeen is dajiyaan. Wax walba waa nadiif, khiyaano lahayn. Marka mashiin waxaa la odhan jiray iskaa wax u qabso ugu horeysay, hindisa u farsamo iyo jeestay xamili yimid. Turkiga si ay nolol u yimid oo si tartiib tartiib ah uu madaxa farsamada oo uu ka dhinac u beddelay si ay dhinac. Markaas ayuu wuxuu gacanta u taagay, qaaday dhilif iyo kooxdii ugu horeysay ee ciyaarta.

dhagaystayaasha qasnaa

Aad ugu dhaqsiyaha badan Turkigu keena dareenka ah, iyo ma aha oo kaliya in barxaddii Empress ah. dhagaystayaasha ahaa xaal qasan. Dadka ma gartaan sida looga hortegaayo. Qaar ka mid ah isla markiiba loola cararay hormarsataan versions iyaga u gaar ah. Ka mid ah wararka la isla dhexmarayo ee inta badan soo noqnoqda laba: hab ay gacanta by yahay magnet iyo ka qaybgalka ciyaaryahanka reer dhallinyarada, qariyay-loox. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa laga yaabaa in cilin ah. Dadku waa ogyahay in ay u qariyaan ninka caadi ma suurto gal ahayd gudahood dushiisa. Waxa xiiso leh in kuwa shakiya walba nin rumeeyey Turk la yaabteen farsamada ahaa. Mid ka mid ah goobjooge ku tilmaamay abuurista Baron von Kempelen :. "Waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la gaaro aqoon dheeraad ah oo kaamil ah Farsamoyaqaan yahay kii mudane"

safar

Soon Maria Teresa marnaba ka daaleen badiyay toy ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1783, ay aqbalana, Joseph Emperor II, ayaa soo nooleeyey xiisihii ay u qabtay Turku. Oo wuxuu sameeyey makiinad soo Afyare on safar of Europe. In Paris mashiinka xariif ah si toos ah ula Benjamin Franklin, ka dibna safiirka Maraykanka u France. Turk ka dibna booqday England, Germany iyo Netherlands. Dhawr jeer uu la joogay barxaddii Catherine II. At stop kasta, ayuu adkaaday horjeeda oo dhan iyo yaabay saynisyahano xujo ah. No hal qof oo ay heli waayeen sharaxaad macquul for this ifafaale.

milkiilaha cusub

In 1804, Kempelen dhintay, iyo abuurkiisa soo iibsaday by hindisa Jarmal Johann Johann Nepomuk Maelzel iyo, laakin. Waxay ahayd maalgashi fiican, maxaa yeelay ah Jarmal Turk ganacsiga kormeeray inteeda kale ee uu noloshiisa. Oo meel kasta ururiyay guryo ay ka buuxaan. Johann Nepomuk Maelzel mishiinka ciyaarta keenay a polish yar. Wuxuu siiyey Turk hab cod in khatar oo ahaa boqorkii dalka soo horjeeda ee ku onkodeen erayga "Shah!". Waa ka sii la yaab leh in ay dadweynaha. In 1809 waxaa la abaabulay kulan chess dhexeeya Turkiga iyo gooyo Napoleon Bonaparte ah. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka markhaati, gooyo Faransiiska ayaa isku dayaya in ay isku dubaridi guuro ah, laakiin mar kasta oo Turk madaxiisa ruxaya caayo oo tiradaasi ay meel loo eeliyaa soo laabtay.

walaacsan gaadhista

Inta lagu guda jiro safar Mareykanka, mishiinka Afyare on mid ka mid ah qaab waxtarka Turk in qoraa dhallinyaro ah Edgar Allan Poe yimid. Later, qoraaga maqaalka la daabacay a revelatory, kaas oo ku dooday in hab ay qarsoon tahay gudaha qofka gacanta horumarka ee ciyaarta, "si dhab ah ayaan ahay. All guuro mashiinka waxaa ay gacanta ku maanka aadanaha. " Edgar Allan Poe ma ahayn kuwa shakiya ugu horeysay. Tan iyo markii la alifay ee Turk weli wuxuu ku jiraa 80s ee qarnigii 18aad maskaxda horumar of Europe qoray dhawr buuggaag yar yar iyo Aayaadkanaga. Indheergaradka ayaa ka dhaadhiciyay in mishiinka ma ciyaari karo by ay doonista xorta ah ee u gaarka ah. Waxaa ka mid ah fallaagadii ugu caansan marka laga reebo Edgar Allan Poe la odhan karaa qoraaga British Robert Willis, kuwaas oo ku dooday in GM dhuuntay gudaha golaha wasiirada oo ay gacanta ku ciyaarta iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka ka mid ah kabaal.

qarsoodi Turk ee

Weli dhaleecayn jiray xaq oo ku saabsan GM, kuwaas oo ku soo orday habka of fadhiya xasee. Sida xaqiiqda ah, wax aan la shaqeynaya diyaarinta golaha gudaha. Waxay yahannadu dadweynaha iyo qaban kaliya qayb ka mid ah sanduuqa. Inside jiro meel bannaan oo ku filan inay ka qaybgalaan dadka waxaa waayeen. At tirooyinka saldhig yire ah, magnet-ka ayaa lagu go'an. Inside square kasta loo dhigay hoos kubad birta ku deldesheen oo dun. "Shadow" GM ma uu arki karin stroke dagaalka. Waxa uu fahamsan yahay in, halkaas oo hor jeeda guuro burburiyey markii ka hor isaga kubada organada wuxuu arkay. guuro aargoosi ah oo uu ku sameeyey iyadoo la kaashanayo of marsiin ah. Wuxuu iyagii ku shaqeeya gacanta iyo madaxa masaasad ee.

Dabcan, gudaha golaha Waxaan u lahaa in khabiir ku ah chess fadhiisan. Muddo dheer, ciyaartoy badan oo qibrad leh booqday gudaha hab ay. Waa hagaag, inta lagu guda jiro safar Maraykanka Johann Nepomuk Maelzel adeegyada Grandmaster Yurub William Schlumberger, kuwaas oo wuxuu iska dhigay mid hindisa ah ee xoghayaha shakhsi loo isticmaalo.

mishiinka dhimashada

In 1838, milkiilaha Turk ayaa lagu dilay inta lagu guda jiro safar badda ka Cuba Maraykanka. Sidaas mishiinka gacmaha ka mid ah kuwa daynka ku dhex dhacday. In dhamaadka, maaxdey of Baron Kemplena laga iibiyey xarrakada ah oo dunida ka jira kuwaas oo xiisaynaya in ay ogaadeen runta. Ka dibna waxa Turk waxaa lagu riday sida soo bandhigid ah at Museum Philadelphia. July 5, 1854 85-sano jir ah "ciyaaryahanka" ayaa lagu gubay dab dhismaha.