Sidee processor computer ah? Mabda 'hawlgalka

Ku dhawaad qof kasta og yahay in element computer ugu weyn ee ka kooban "hardware" oo dhan ka mid ah unugga processing dhexe. Laakiin wareegga dadka naftooda matalaan sida processor la socda, waa mid aad u kooban. users Inta badan this iyo wax fikrad ah. Oo isna xataa markuu nidaamka si lama filaan ah uu bilaabo inuu "hoos", dad badan waxay rumaysan yihiin in processor this uusan si fiican u shaqayn, hana muhiimad arrimo kale. Si aad si fiican u fahamto xaaladda, ha ka fikiro si aynu dhinacyada qaar ka mid ah processor ah.

Waa maxay processor a?

processor dhexe (processor ama processor version Ingiriisi) waa wadnaha nidaamka kombiyuutar kasta. Loo xilsaaray in ay dhammaan hawlgallada Kombuyuutarada, ma aha oo kaliya xisaabta ama dhibic sabayn (labiska mantissa), laakiin sidoo kale macquul ah.

processor laftiisa waa saxan yar oo laba jibbaaran (chip), kaas oo malaayiin transistors yihiin. Mararka qaarkood qalab this waxaa kaloo loo yaqaan wareeg isku dhafan.

Waa maxay processor a?

Haddii aan ka hadlo sida processor Intel ama tartan AMD, waxaad u baahan tahay in la arko sida waxaa lagu abaabulaa chips kuwan. microprocessor hore (jidka ag fadhida, oo ka Intel, Model 4040) muuqday marka dib loogu noqdo 1971. Wuxuu u samayn karaa oo keliya marka Intaa waxaa dheer fudud iyo kala-goynta baaraandegidda kaliya 4 gelinno macluumaadka, ie. E. Miyuu naqshadaha 4-yara.

Processor Modern, iyo sidoo kale curadkayga, ku salaysan transistors oo ay leeyihiin xawaaraha aad u weyn. Waxaa loo soo saaray photolithography of tiro ka mid ah canjeero Silicon oo kala duwan uu ka samaysan hal crystal ah, kaas oo sida transistors imprinted. circuit waxaa abuuray xawaaraha gaar ah udhigo boron overclocked. In qaab-dhismeedka gudaha ee diirkja processor waa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan, taayirada iyo Qurub functional yeedhay dib.

Features Key

Like kale qalab, processor ah waxa lagu gartaa-beegyada uu qaarkood in, markii wax laga weydiiyay sida ay processor ah, ma aad by u gudbin karaan. First of dhan waa:

• tirada nuclei;
• tirada threads;
• size of kayd ah (xasuusta gudaha);
• inta jeer saacad;
• xawaaraha baska.

Inkasta oo aan diirada saarno xawaaraha saacad. Aan waxba qalbiga processor computer u yeedhay. Sida wadnaha, waxaa ka shaqeeya pulsing hab la tiro gaar ah oo wareegyada per labaad. inta jeer saacad ayaa la qiyaasay in MHz ama GHz. The sare waa, qalab qaadi karaan hawlgallo dheeraad ah.

Marka waxa processor inta jeer ee orodka, waxaad baran kartaa ka dabeecadihiisa dhawaaqay ama u eegto macluumaadka ku jira macluumaad nidaamka. Laakiin inta lagu guda jiro baaraandegidda inta jeer beddeli kartaa amarka, iyo marka hi (overlokinge) koror si xad-dhaaf ah. Sidaas darteed, ayaa sheegay inta jeer saacad waa uun index celcelis ahaan.

Tirada nuclei - tilmaame la tilmaamayo tirada xarumaha processor computer (ma in lagu khaldo socodka - tirada diirkja iyo threads ma beeganto karo). Sababo la xiriira qaybinta this waxaa suurtagal ah in la isugeeyey hawlgallada ay ku nuclei kale, oon ku hagaajinayo kartida guud.

Sidee processor ah, amarrada ka baaraandegidda

Hadda wax yar oo ku saabsan qaab dhismeedka amarrada eedeysanuhu. Haddii aad eegto sida ay processor ka, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay si cad oo ku saabsan in koox kasta oo uu leeyahay laba qaybood - hawlgalka iyo operand.

Qaybta hawlgala qodobada ay tahay in lagu sameeyo xilligan, nidaam computer ah, operand ku qeexan yihiin wixii waa shaqeeyaan processor ah. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, core processor ay ka kooban yihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in laba xarunta processing (durdur weel) in amarka kala qaybi dhowr marxaladood:

• horumarinta;
• decryption,
• fulinta amarka;
• si ay u helaan xasuusta processor
• kaydiso natiijada.

Maanta, kayd ah oo kala duwan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qaab isticmaalka labada heer ee kayd, sidaas ka fogaanaya in dhexda of laba ama in ka badan kooxaha daaweynta in mid ka mid ah blocks xasuusta.

nooca baaraandegidda processor amarka waxaa loo qaybiyaa toosan (fulinta amarrada ee entries si saf), xilliile iyo jahaysteen (fulinta tilmaamaha ka dib markii ay xaaladaha laan processing).

hawlgallada sameeyaa

Ka mid ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee loo xilsaaray in ay processor ka, marka la eego amarrada ama tilmaamaha, waxaa jira saddex ujeedo oo waaweyn:

• hawlaha xisaabta ku salaysan unug macquulka xisaabta;
• dhaqaaqin xogta (warbixin) oo ka mid ah xasuusta in nooc kale;
• Go'aanka ku saabsan waxqabadka kooxda, iyo on this sal - doorashada ee wareegaya si ay u fuliyaan nooc kale oo ka mid ah tilmaamaha.

Dhexgalka xasuusta (ROM iyo RAM)

In geeddi-socodka this, waa in la ogaadaa qaybaha sida bas oo lagu qoro, akhriyo channel taas oo ku xiran yihiin qalabka lagu kaydiyo. ROM ku jira ururinta joogto ah bytes. baska cinwaanka First weydiiyo ROM a byte gaar ah, ka dibna u gudbiya in baska xogta, ka dibna akhri gobolka isbedel channel iyo bixisaa bytes weyddiistay ROM.

Laakiin Processor aan ka akhrisan kartaa oo kaliya xogta ka xasuusta, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u qoraan. Xaaladdan oo kale, channel lagu qoro. Laakiin, haddii aad eegto, by waaweyn iyo, kombiyuutarada casri ah aragti ahaan waxay noqon kartaa oo ka maqnaan RAM, sida microcontrollers casri ah ay awoodaan in ay si toos ah meel ka bytes xogta la doonayo galay xusuusta reer chip processor ah. Laakiin in aan ROM ma bixin karo.

Waxyaabaha kale, nidaamka bilaabmaa bilowga qalabka hab tijaabo (amarka BIOS), ka dibna kaliya ee ay gacanta ku maray in ay nidaam hawlgalka Downlaods.

Sidee si aad u hubiso haddii processor la socda?

Haddaba eegno dhinacyada qaar ka mid ah qaab processor jeegga ah. Waa in la si cad u fahamsan yahay in, haddii processor ah uma shaqeeyo, computer ma awoodaan in ay bilaabaan soo degsado guud ahaan laheyd.

Waxa kale oo, marka aad rabto in aad eegto isticmaalka awoodaha processor barta qaar ka mid ah. Waxaad samayn kartaa heerka "Task Manager" (hore ee geedi socod kasta oo lagu qeexay waxa boqolkiiba ee processor waxay siinaysaa). Waayo, go'aanka muuqaal ah ee u dhimaya nabadgelyada this, waxaad isticmaali kartaa tab Performance halkaas oo isbedel raadraaca ka dhacaya waqtiga dhabta ah. Options Advanced loo arki karaa iyadoo la kaashanayo of barnaamijyo gaar ah, tusaale ahaan, processor-Z.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa suurtagal ah in la isticmaalo diirkja processor badan, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka qaabeynta ah nidaamka (MSCONFIG) iyo xuduudaheedu boot oo dheeraad ah.

dhibaatooyinka ka iman kara

Ugu dambeyntii, dhawr eray oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka. Halkan, dadka isticmaala badan oo inta badan ku weydiin, waxay dhihi, sababta processor la socda, laakiin kormeeraha ma shid? Waayo, processor ah, xaaladan waxba u qaban. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in marka aad gaadho on computer kasta waa marka hore tijaabiyo adabtarada ah muuqaallo kale, ka dibna kaliya kuwii kale oo dhan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in dhibaatada been hufan ee chip naqshadeynta processor (oo dhan Sheelare video casriga ah waxay leeyihiin sawiro gaar ah processor).

Laakiin tusaale ahaan ka mid ah hawlaha ay jidhka bini'aadamka waa in la fahamsan yahay in u shaqeeyo oo dhan ku geeriyooday case of wadnaha. Iyo kombiyuutarada. Processor uma shaqeeyo - "dhinto" nidaamka computer oo dhan.