Sida loo qoro isomers iyo homologues? Sida loo noqon isomers of alkanes?

Ka hor inta fiirsaneysa sidii ay u soo saari isomers ee Consort cokan inuu u muujiyo muuqaalada class this of walxaha organic.

Consort kahaayeen

fasalo badan CxHy taagan chemistry organic. Qof kastaa wuxuu formula guud, taxane homologous, dareen diidmo oo tayo leh, codsiga. Waayo, (li'idiisa) hal fasal hydrocarbon alkane cokan bond caadiga ah. formula guud ee fasalka ka mid ah walxaha organic CnH2n + 2. Tani waxay fasireysaa ee kiimikaad oo aasaasi ah: barakac, gubashadeeda, qayilo. Waayo, paraffins ma aha caadiga ah ku biiro, tan iyo isgaarsiinta ee u taagoo ee Consort, kuwaas oo hal.

isomerism

Arrin ku isomerism sharaxayaa kala duwan ee walxaha organic. Under isomerism waxaa caadi fahamsan yahay arrin taas oo ay jiraan dhawr xeryahooda organic isagoo tiro la mid ah xubnaha (number of atamka ee Britain ah), laakiin heshiis kala duwan oo ka mid ah in Britain ay. Qoraalkani wuxuu ku keentay waxaa loo yaqaan isomers. Waxay noqon karaan wakiilada fasalada dhowr ah oo Consort, iyo guryaha kiimikada sidaas daraaddeed kala duwan. xarunta Kaladuwan alkanes Britain atamka siinayaa asaasmeen isomerism ah dhismaha. Sida loo noqon isomers of alkanes? Waxaa jira isku geynta gaar ah, sida laga soo xigtay oo matali kara by isomers dhismaha of class this of walxaha organic. Waxaa macquul ah sida afar kaliya atamka carbon, ie, Britain ah C4H10 butane ah.

noocyada isomeric

Si aad u fahamto sida loo qoro qaaciidooyinka of isomers ah, waxaa muhiim ah in ay leeyihiin fahamka qaabkeeda. In ay joogaan ka mid ah atamka isku Britain ee tiro siman, kaasoo ku yaala meel si ka duwan, waxaa loola jeedaa isomerism ka da'ayeen. Haddii kale, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa stereoisomerism. Xaaladdan oo kale, isticmaalka kaliya hal formula dhismaha kuma filna, u baahan in la isticmaalo qiyaas gaar ah ama qaaciidooyinka da'ayeen. Consort cokan bilaabo H3C-CH3 (ethane), waxay leeyihiin gaadmada ah da'ayeen kala duwan. Tan waxa u sabab wareeg gudahood Britain by bond C-C. Waa sahlan σ-bond abuurtaa a conformational (Rotary) isomers waa u suurtoobaan.

isomers Dhismayaasha paraffins

Aan ka hadalno sida loo sameeyo isomers alkane. class waxay leedahay isomer ah dhismaha, i.e., foomamka silsilad eb carbon kala duwan. Haddii kale, waxaa macquul ah ee beddelidda booska ee silsiladda atamka carbon of lafaha carbon u yeedhay isomerism.

isomers of heptane

Sidaas, ka tegid isomers maalkii isagoo ka kooban C7H16? Bilow, waxaad qabanqaabin kartaa oo dhan atamka carbon ka mid ah string dheer ah, ku dar si kasta oo tiro ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah atamka C. Intee in leeg? Iyada oo la tixgelinayo in valence ee carbon waa loo siman yahay ilaa afar, in atamka xad-dhaaf ah ilaa saddex atamka hydrogen iyo gudaha galay - laba. Britain ayaa keentay leedahay qaab toosan ah, hydrocarbon ah oo lagu magacaabo n - heptane. xarafka "n" oo macnaheedu yahay lafaha ah carbon toosan ee hydrocarbon ah.

Haddaba iska baddasho goobta lagu atamka carbon ah, "soo gaabiyey" kiiskan silsilad carbon toosan ee C7H16. Abuur isomers waxaa laga yaabaa in qaab dhismaha ballaariyeen ama gaabin. Haddaba muuqashadii labaad. First eb ka mid ah C diyaarin methyl a xagjirka ah ee jagooyinka kala duwan.

Active heptane isomer, ayaa magaca socda kiimikada: 2-methylhexane. Haddaba "aan u soo guurto ah" eb carbon xagjirka ah si ay u soo socda. taasoo keentay in shidaalka The cokan loo yaqaan 3-methylhexane.

Haddii aynu sii wadno in ay u guuraan tiriyey xagjirka bilaabi doonaa dhanka midig (dhow to top waa hydrocarbon ah xagjirka ah), in uu yahay, waxaan ka heli this isomer, taas oo aynu hore u haysanay. Sidaa darteed, fikirka ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo caanaha ee isomers mid ah waxyaabaha la bilaabo, isku dayi doonaa in la sameeyo lafaha xitaa "gaaban".

methyl - laba ka haray carbon xaadirka ah ee foomka of laba xagjirka lacag la'aan noqon kartaa.

First iyaga diyaarin in carbons kala duwan waxaa ka mid ahaa in silsilad ugu weyn. Waxaan ugu baaqaynaa keentay isomer -2,3 dimethylpentane ah.

Hadda ka tago xagjirka ah ee goobta la mid ah, iyo in ay la eb ee soo socda labaad carbon ah silsilad ugu weyn ee ku dhaqaajiyaan. Qoraalkan waxaa la yiraahdaa 2,4 dimethylpentane.

Haddaba diyaarin xag hydrocarbon leeyihiin mid la eb carbon. Marka hore, labaad, heli 2,2 dimethylpentane. Markaas, saddexaad qaata 3.3 dimethylpentane.

Hadda waxaan ka tago silsilad ugu weyn ee afar atamka carbon, saddex isticmaalka kale ee xag methyl. Waxaana ku diyaarin sida soo socota: laba at eb ee C labaad, mid ka mid - carbon saddexaad. Waxaan ugu baaqaynaa isomer helay: 2,2, 3 trimethylbutane.

In heptane Tusaale waxaan kala hadlay sida loo sameeyo isomers ee Consort cokan. Sawirka tusaalooyin isomers dhismaha matalayo waayo butena6 taagayo chlorine ay.

alkenes

Tani class walxaha organic leedahay formula guud CnH2n. Waxa intaa dheer in silsiladihii cokan C-C fasalka this, sidoo kale waxaa jira bond a double. Waxaa go'aamisa guryaha aasaasiga ah ee taxanahan. Aan ka hadalno sida loo tago isomers of alkenes. Ha u muujiyo khilaafkooda ka Consort cokan. Waxa intaa dheer in isomerism ee silsilad ugu weyn (formula dhismaha) ee wakiillo ka socda fasalka ee Consort organic waxaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa saddex nooc oo isomers, joomateri (CIS iyo foomamka trans), booska bond badan iyo isomer Interclass (cycloalkanes).

isomers of C6H12

Isku day si aad u ogaato sida loo koobanahay isomers c6h12, ka fiirsaneysa inay xaqiiqda ah in walax ay u formula si toos ah labada fasalada xeryahooda organic iska leh kartaa: alkenes, cycloalkanes.

Si aad u bilawdo, ka fikir sida aad u noqon isomers of alkenes, haddii ay jiraan waa bond a double in Britain ay. Silsilad si toos ah carbon, gelin bond badan ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee la eb carbon. Waxaan isku dayi ma aha oo kaliya in ay sameeyaan isomers s6n12, laakiin sidoo kale in ay magacaabi walaxda. Qoraalkan - hexene - 1 Lambarrada ku muujinayaan mowqifka ee Britain ayaa ku bond a double. In ay dhaqdhaqaaq ay weheliyaan silsilad carbon ah, hexene heli hexene -2 iyo - 3

Haddaba noo qabaa sida loo sameeyo isomers of formula this, beddelo tirada atamka Silsilad ugu weyn.

Si aad u soo gaabin carbon bilowga lafaha mid la eb carbon ah, waxaa loo arkaa methyl a xagjirka ah. bond Double ka dib fasax ugu horeysay ee la eb ee S. isomer keentay of waydaarsanayeen habaysan waxay yeelan doonaan magaca soo socda: 2 methylpentene - 1. Hadda dhaqaaqo kooxda hydrocarbyl ku silsilad ugu muhiimsan, taasoo ka dhigeysa bedelin jagada debaajiga double. Tani hydrocarbon roodhida waa qaab jahaysteen yeedhay 3 methylpentene-1.

Waxaa suurto gal ah oo aan waxba beddelin booska uu ka silsilad ugu weyn iyo mid ka mid isomer bond double: 4 methylpentene-1.

Waayo, halabuurka C6H12 isku dayi kartaa inaad u guurto bond labanlaab ka horeysay in ay booska labaad oo aan laftiisa bedel silsilad ugu weyn. xagjirka ah ayaa sidaas la dhaqaajin weheliyaan lafaha carbon ah, tan iyo qaaradda S. labaad isomer waxa uu leeyahay magaca 2 methylpentene-2. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa suurtagal ah in meel CH3 eb carbon a xagjirka saddexaad sidaas helitaanka 3-methylpentene 2

Marka la geeyaa ka hadhay ee silsiladda la eb carbon afaraad waxaa la aasaasay walax hydrocarbon roodhida kale oo cusub oo la lafaha carbon fuuli - 4 methylpentene-2.

Iyada oo hoos u sii tirada C ee silsilad ugu weyn, wuxuu heli karaa mid ka mid isomer.

bond The double ka tagi doono ka dib markii la eb ugu horeysay carbon, iyo laba iyo xag dhiibin eb ee C saddexaad ee silsilad ugu weyn, dimetiluten heli 3,3-1.

Hadda waxaan gelin xag on atamka carbon ku xiga, oo aan badalayn booska curaarta double heli 2,3-dimethylbutyl 1. Isku day oo aan badalayn size of silsilad ugu weyn, bond dhaqaaqo double in ay booska labaad. Xag-jiriinta sidaas ayaanu bixinaa karaa oo kaliya 2 ama 3 atamka C, isagoo 2,3 dimethylbut-2.

isomers kale dhismaha for alkene la siiyo ma, isku day kasta oo ay la timaado aragtida ah waxay keeni doontaa in carqalad ah qaabka walxaha organic A. M. Butlerova.

isomers da'ayeen C6H12

Haddaba aad u ogaato sida loo soo saaro isomers iyo homologs dhanba ka aragtida ah ee isomerism da'ayeen. Waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo in ay CIS iyo alkenes trans waa suuragal ah keliya booska curaarta double of 2 iyo 3.

Iyada oo ka mid ah diyaarad xag hydrocarbon sameeyay CIS - qiyaasay -2-hexene, iyo heshiis xag in diyaarado kala duwan, qaab trans-hexene - 2.

Interclass isomers C6H12

Hadlaya oo ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo isomers iyo homologues ma illoobi kartaa oo ku saabsan muuqashadii sida isomerism Interclass. Waayo, Consort roodhida tirada ethylene, isagoo formula guud CnH2n isomers oo kale waa cycloalkanes. feature ee fasalka this ee Consort waa joogitaanka xilliile (xiray-loop) dhisme xidhan cokan hal dhexeeya atamka carbon. Waxaad u abuuri karaan formula ah cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, dimethylcyclobutane, trimetiltsiklopropana.

gunaanad

chemistry Organic waa wajiyo badan, ee noocoodu yahay. tiro ka mid ah walxaha organic ka badan boqolaal jeer tirada xeryahooda ka imanba. Dhab ahaantii Tani waxaa si fudud u sharaxay by jiritaanka sida arrin gaar ah sida isomers. Haddii taxane ah homologous waxaa lagu abaabulaa la mid ah qaab-dhismeedka iyo sifooyinka walxaha, beddelidda booska uu ka atamka carbon ee silsiladda ah, waa xeryahooda cusub isomers magacaabay. Kaliya ka dib markii aragtida ah ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada xeryahooda organic lagu tilmaamay oo dhan Consort si ay u fahmaan waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee fasal kasta. Mid ka mid ah qodobada aragtida this, si toos ah oo la xidhiidha arrin ee isomerism. The farmashiyaha Ruush weyn, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u fahmaan, si ay u sharxaan, si ay u caddeeyaan in meesha uu atamka carbon ay ku xiran tahay sifooyinka kiimiko oo ah walaxda, hawl reaktsionanya ay, codsiga wax ku ool ah. Haddii aan is barbar tirada isomers sameeyay alkanes yarna roodhida iyo alkenes, sida xaqiiqada ah taasoo keentay alkenes. Sababtu waxa weeye in ay jirto dammaanad double in Britain ay. Taasi waxay u saamaxdaa class this arrinta organic si ay u sameeyaan ma aha oo kaliya alkenes noocyo iyo qaabab kala duwan, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ka hadlaan isomers meklassovoy la cycloalkanes.