Router Cisco: model goob. qalabka Network

router Cisco muddo dheer oo u qalmeen ku guuleystay kalsoonida dadka isticmaala badan. Si daacad ah oo sannado badan, waxay u gudbin gaadiidka qalabka kala duwan ee u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee shabakadaha. Erayga "Cisco" ayaa haatan noqday dhigmin marka la eego sida tayada iyo isku halaynta. All badan oo sidaas ah oo ku saabsan Cisco ee qiimaha waxaa mar walba lagu hayaa gudahood la aqbali karo.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah router Cisco iyo barta

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, loo daaro kala duwan taxane iyo router Cisco. taxanaha ah waxaa ka mid ah dhowr daydo in ku kala duwan yihiin tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo kulligood wada ahaa waxa loo qaybin karaa kooxaha soo socda:

• router qaadan karo. Waxay waxaa loogu talagalay ururka shabakadaha yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka baaxad.

• Qalabka la ISR horgalaha - shido Ethernet waxaa lagu gartaa naqshadaha aad u dabacsan. By rakibidda noocyada kala duwan ee codsiyada in uu noqon karaa ku dhawaad Rowan ballaariyo awoodooda.

• qalab qaybsan. Suurtagalnimada qalabka sida loo ballaarin karo by xira cayn kasta oo modules, si aad u furfurmi maamuli kartaa naqshadaha hardware ah. Waxaa lagu talinayaa si ay u bartaan yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah.

qalabka oo dhan ka shaqeeyaan on the gudbinta iyo soo dhaweynta ah ee baakadaha macluumaad ku saabsan heerka saddexaad ee OSI ah. Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa si ay u dhisaan shabakadaha oo dhan tirada iyo ujeedooyinka. Cisco qalabka VPN-sugnan taageeraan soo socda: L2TP, DMVPN, IPsec, GRE iyo PPTP. Aasaasidda VPN on router Cisco a ogolaan doonto in ay u gudbiyaan xogta badan ah channel gaar ah lo.

Cisco 2960 shido taxane sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah lagu daydo, laakiin astaamaha caadiga ah ee waa kuwan:

• heerka L2;
• tirada dekedaha ay taageerayaan - 8, 24 ama 48;
• Poe korontada, Poe +;
• taageero xidhiidh amaan ah;
• Heerka dekedaha waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan, taas oo ku xidhan model router ah - 100 megabit, 1 gigabit;
• waxaa macquul ah sameynta galinin fiican oo lagu daydo qaar ka mid ah laga heli karo, halka kuwa kale - ma.

feature A of router ka Cisco la oran karo waa in ay inta badan heer sare ah oo khaas ah. Ma aha in ay line of qaar ka mid ah lagu daydo universal oo si siman ugu adeegi kara sida guri dabaq ah, waayo, formation of network guriga, iyo shirkadda ama xafiiska. line kasta waxay mas'uul ka tahay wax ka duwan, iyo mararka qaar waxa uu leeyahay takhasuska ah oo aad u dhuuban. Haddaba mar this aad u baahan tahay in la tixgeliyo marka xulashada qalabka network Cisco ee, xataa router ugu qaalisan oo horumarsan ama router laga yaabaa set aan waxtar lahayn oo looxyada iyo fiilooyinka hal meel oo qalab gabi ahaanba lagama maarmaan - in kale.

Tilmaamaha Cisco goobaha hardware

Aasaasidda qalabka sida caadiga ah ka waddaa weheliyaan khadadka soo socda:

1. Aasaasidda shabakadaha Wi-Fi scalable. Waxaa markii danbe shabakadaha qaaddey ogolaan leexleexdo si looga hortago in ay isbedel loo baahan yahay iyo si ay u maareeyaan qiime jaban leh habeynta of network.
2. Shaqeeyaan samaynta telefoonada Internet ah oo ku salaysan Cisco. By heshiis this la fahmi karaa shabakad degaanka aagga hal xafiis ama ganacsi, iyo in ka badan oo caalami ah - isku shabakadaha kala duwan ee degaanka keliya. Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho la urur 350 qof iyo 30 000 oo la dhafan ah.
3. Cisco-dejinta Brannmur iyo IPS. Tani Mudanayaasha ammaanka network - shayga ugu muhiimsan ee shaqada Debug, taas oo aan la dayacay kartaa kiis kasta.
4. Configuring qalab la socodka network. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo software khaas ah ka Cisco. Sababo la this waxaa jiri doona dhib ah ma leh waafaqid ee qaybaha hardware iyo software, iyo maamulaha awood u yeelan doonaan waqti kasta si aad u hesho macluumaad ku saabsan ujeeddada shaqo ee network iyo waqti aad u dhaqmayso dhibaatooyinka ka iman kara.
5. Configuring Cisco VPN. By this waxaa loogu tala galay ururka shaqaalaha ee dhowr shabakadaha xaafadda keliya, oo ay ku jiraan juquraafi ay isku jiraan masaafo ku filan oo waaweyn. Sidoo kale, waxaa laga yaabaa in aad u baahan tahay in ay ku xidhmaan ka qaateen shaqaalaha shaqsi si kheyraadka guud ee shirkada.

Sidee in ay ku xidhmaan router ah in aad damisid

Dabcan, qalabka network bilaabo inuu xerto your computer. router The isku xira in PC la isticmaalayo cable ka Console gaar ah. Markaas ka waddaa emulator terminal ah. isaga iyo baahida loo qabo in ay galaan dhammaan kooxaha mustaqbalka la.

router iyo router badan ayaa weli isticmaalaan COM-dekedda for xidhiidha in computer ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhan ma baabuurta oo casri ah dekedda sida waa la heli karaa. Xaaladdan oo kale, si ay u caawiyaan adapters gaar ah USB-COM. Iyada oo ku xidhan habka qaabeynta, waxay sidoo kale la guraa karaa qalabka network ah, oo aan u dhiibay. Laakiin waxa fiican in aad doorato model ah in mar hore waa natively taageertaa habka ay u xira via USB.

Sida dekedda la cayimay mid kastaba: 9600/8-N-1. Haddii aad u baahan tahay in dhowr miridh qaabeynta router in ay guriga madhan, waxaad u baahan tahay in la siiyo amarka: awood. Sidaasaa ku raran yihiin hab Exec. Si aad u billowdo la sheet nadiif ah, ku qor amarka socda: masixi xawaaladaha-config. Oo guuleysatey amarka qalabka: miridh. On nidaamka qalliinka Su'aasha ah in ay ku soo galaan suuqa kala goobaha waa in la jawaabay xun.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhan ee kor ku xusan, ma aad samayn karto haddii ay jiraan wax loo baahan yahay in la helo config madhan.

macluumaad guud oo ku saabsan Saan ee Console fari ee router iyo router Cisco

Sida qalabka Cisco, Windows ma bixiyaan yaqaan in dadka isticmaala badan oo windowing ah. amarradayda oo dhan waxaa soo galay via terminal Console ah. Oo sidan waa lagama maarmaan si ay u hoggaansamaan xeerarka soo socda:

• haddii aad soo gashid su'aal ah, ka dibna Cisco muujiyaan doonaa liiska amarrada la heli karo iyo operands;
• magacaabi ama keyword aad talinayaa si loo yareeyo in xadka ugu yar;
• tafatirka line amarka la oggol yahay in Console ah terminal, sida waxaa lagu sameeyey nidaamka Linux ama Unix,
• haddii wadaha bedelay maskaxdiisa si ay u qabtaan amarka, waxaa carqalad ku keeni karaan ay dil by teeb erayga MAYA;
• si ay u tagaan heer ay helaan 0 (bilow) 15 (maamulaha), waxaad u baahan tahay in ay galaan amarka: awood Nomer_urovnya_dostupa.

fullintu Ssh

Ku xiridda router bilaabi karo xaqiiqada ah in Ssh waxaa lagu qorayaa by default ee dhammaan xidhiidhada. Marka la isticmaalayo Ssh, xog kasta oo aad ku wareejiso karaa computer fog iyada oo channels Windows XP. Si aad u awood Ssh in Cisco, waxaad u baahan tahay:

• In loo sahlo hab sare awood taliska mudnaanta ee.
• Sheeg wakhtiga saxda hadda.
• Si aad si toos ah u bilaabaan reserved nidaamka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la siiyo amar: router reserved # terminal.
• Dheeraad ah, waa tilmaamo magaca domain ka, iyo tan waxaa samayn la amarka: router (config) # ip magac domain mydomain.ru.
• muhiimka ah ee sirta ahbaa amarka: router (config) muhiimka ah # crypto dhalin RSA.
• Si aad u bilowdo user cusub a, amarka in Console ah: router (config) # username mudnaan username 11 password 7 my_passwd. Halkan, waxaa la wareegay for qaabeynta qalab Cisco la heer user 11, taas oo aan la heli karin in ay gabi ahaanba kooxaha oo dhan. Laakiin waxaad samayn kartaa user a si buuxda mudan, waxa loo baahan yahay in la qeexo heerka helitaanka ma aha 11, iyo ugu badnaan - 15.
• Isticmaal amarrada: router (config) # aaa cusub-model wadada (config) # line vty 0 4 orod maamuuska AAA iyo qaabeynta waxaa ka mid ahaa, waayo, khadadka terminal ah. In kiiska halkan - 0 ilaa 4.
• Isticmaalka amarradiisa: router (config-line) Ssh aqbasho # gaadiidka router (config-line) synchronous # jaridda lagu qoro sida Ssh default gelin.
• Waxaa weli kaliya in ay ka soo baxo oo dhan hababka, ka dibna badbaadin isbedel ah. Tan waxaa loo sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo amarrada soo socda: router (config-line) #exit router (config) # bixitaanka router # qortaa.

Sida loo reserved dekedaha Cisco

Si aad u galaan goobaha hab qaabeynta caalamka ee dekedaha ee Cisco, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku qor amarka ah sidan oo kale:

KOOCI t

interface fa0 / 2.

Waxaad reserved kartaa dekedaha socda Cisco:

• Port Access. Tani dekedda terminal si toos ah soo bandhigay qalab macaamiisha ah ee - modem ah, router ama si toos ah u PC ah, kaas oo la geeyn doonaa gaadiidka untagged. Haddii aad ku qor in ay helaan switchport Console hab, dekedda ee la doortay waxa loo bedelaa hab-helidda, iyo gaadiidka dhammuna iyaday ku qulquli doonaan vlan 1. Laakiin haddii aad wax baro switchport helaan vlan ee 310, xogta waxaa loo wareejin doonaa vlan 310.
• dekedda jirridda. dekedda Tani waa in la shaqeeya, haddii dhinaca kale u taagan qalab network - shido Ethernet, router, iwm Si aad u isticmaasho dekadda this, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad iska diiwaangeliso ee Console ah: .. Switchport hab jir - ka shaqeeya model ah 2950. Laakiin ee 2960, amarka dhammaadkiisu waa yara kala duwan:

jirridda hab switchport

switchport dot1q encapsulation jirridda.

Haddii aad rabto in aad isticmaasho oo kaliya vlan qaar ka mid ah, waa in Console la galay: jirridda switchport vlan alloved 310, 555 - waa tiro vlan kala hakadka,

• dekedda Hybrid. Dekedaha qaabeynta Cisco kuma jiraan shaqo ee dekedda ah hybrid, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xil dekedda kasta sida hybrid ah waxay noqon kartaa, haddii aad doorato dekedda jirridda vlan nativ u gaar ah. Waxaad ku arki kartaa in tusaale ahaan Saan oo ka mid ah amarradiisa soo socda ee Console ah:

jirridda hab switchport (dekedda jirridda loo abuuray)

switchport jirridda vlan alloved 310,555 (dekedaha noocan ah waxaa loo isticmaalay sida vlan 310 iyo 555)

jirridda switchport vlan hooyo 310 (dhammaan gaadiidka vlan untagged faafo 310, iyo inta kale - 555).

habka qaabeynta Port ayaa loo arkaa by tusaale ahaan ka mid ah Cisco ee 2960 - mid ka mid ah maanta ugu badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo, taxanaha kale ee cutub oo tallaabo la mid yihiin.

Sidee baan dib

Marka goobaha ay yihiin dib, file qaabeynta la nadiifiyay, oo dhan hagaajin wanaagsan u baahan doontaa in lagu celiyo, oo sidaas daraaddeed daadinta waxaa badanaa loo arkaa miciinka u dambeeya.

Waa ay fududahay in la sameeyo. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay ku xirmaan kaliya cable in ay Console router iyo galaan amarka in Console maamulka: router # masixi xawaaladaha-config. Oo markaas: Reload. router waxaa dib ka dib marka aad guuleysatey config uu noqon doono gabi ahaanba nadiif ah.

Waxaa xusid mudan in Cisco keddibna loo baahan yahay dhif ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hal sabab mise mid kale waxaa weli loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo. Waxaan sidoo kale waa inaan la ilaawin dib markii goobaha dib u soo kabashada soo laabto qiimaha diiwaanka amarka: 0x2102 config-diiwaangelinta.

Sida si loo badbaadiyo qaabeynta

Waayo, qalabka network kasta, oo ay ku jiraan Cisco, si ay goob - tani ma aha oo dhan. Sidoo kale waa in aynu noqon kara inuu wax badbaadiyo waxa la sameeyey, taas oo ah, badbaadin isbedel ah.

router ka Cisco, waxaa jira laba nooc oo daryeel:

• qalab xusuusta;
• in Homepage xasuusta non-kacsan.

Nooca ugu horeeya waxa ku qoran oo dhan soo saaray in koorsada isbedelka, laakiin marka aad la bilaabi qalab waxaa ay badiyay, iyo in la booted doonaa goobaha ay ka xasuusta laga bilaabo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalab Cisco waxaa loogu talagalay in sidan oo kale in si toos ah isbedel ku sameeyo si ay u qaabeynta xawaaladaha suurtogal ma aha a. Si loo badbaadiyo dhan isbeddel ah ee xasuusta non-kacsan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo waxa soo socda:

1. Nuqul goobaha hadda ee kooxda upka: #copy orodka-config xawaaladaha-config.
2. Nuqul goobaha hadda FTP-server amarka: #copy tftp ordaya-config: // magaca server.

Barnaamijka reserved Cisco-dhinac saddexaad

Waayo, Cisco qalabka sixitaanka qaadan kartaa meel sahlan oo dhakhso ah haddii aad isticmaasho ujeeddo this barnaamijyo gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa halkii arrin la dhadhamiyo: cusbaynayaa sysadmins xeeldheer si interface Console ay, mana jirto wax ciidan ee dabiiciga ah si ay ka iyaga dildillaacsan.

Inta kale ee la mid ah, gaar ahaan bilowga ah, waxaa lagu talinayaa karaa inaad kala soo baxdo qaar ka mid ah codsiyada in fududayn kartaa hawsha samaynta qalabka Cisco:

1. Kan koowaad waa qalab joogto ah Windows - Barnaamijka Hyper Terminal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in qoraalkii ugu dambeeyey ee Windows, waxa aan la bixisey sida caadiga ah. Si aad u rakibi Terminal Hyper ah, dooro "Windows ka Kooban" ka dibna la helo "Accessories iyo codsiyada Utilities" item iyo riix badhanka screen "Curiska" ah. Next, waxaad u baahan tahay si aad u hesho "Communication" shayga ka dibna riix on the "Curiska" iyo calaamadee barnaamijka checkbox Hyper Terminal ah.
2. Putty - waa codsi ah freeware for Windows iyo Linux, waa emulator ah terminal wanaagsan. Waxa uu ka fadilay by maamulka badan nidaamka.
3. Cisco Device Connections Program - barnaamij gaar ah ilaa dejinta iyo formation of shabakadaha Cisco, dabeecadihiisa waa cajiib. Iyadoo la raacayo, waxa ay leedahay boqolkiiba boqol buuxa waafaqsan leh oo dhan qalabka Cisco. Barnaamijka horeysay Cisco Device Connections meeleysan yahay sida codsiga loogu talo galay user ku kibro, kuwaas oo loo baahan yahay in la dhiso shabakad ka kooban tirada yar gudahood ganacsi ama guriga miisaan yar.
4. barnaamijka wanaagsan A - analoogga Putty - on Linux Minicom la oran karo waa sida xirmo.

interface qaabeynta Graphic

Dabcan, shaqada fari ka terminal ah - shaqo ah in racfaan ka qaadan doonto ma user kasta. A software dhinac saddexaad loo baahan yahay in la soo bixi, mararka qaarkood ma free. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jirta fursad ay si toos ah waxaa ka mid ah interface a garaafyada in browser web ku. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, marka hore u baahan si loo soo dajiyo module Java gaar ah, kaas oo lagala soo bixi karaa website-ka rasmiga ah ee Java. module waxaa lagu magacaabaa Jre. Intaa waxaa dheer, codsiga SDM loo baahan yahay - waxaa lagu labada on router laftiisa rakibi karo, iyo nidaamka qalliinka.

Next, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u dejiyaan rukhsadda in browser ah si ay u muujiyaan-pop baaritaan iyo in uu ordo content firfircoon.

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan SDM bilowga, waxaad u baahan doontaa in la wado dekedda a pre-soo xulay IP-address vlan1. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu talinayaa in ay ka saarto sanduuqa jeeg soo socda si ay doorasho https ah.

Ka dib markii riixaya badhanka bilowga sanduuqa wada hadal ah ka muuqan doona, oo waxay u baahan doonaan in ay galaan farabadan of password-login. Haddii wax walba si sax ah galay - shaqayn doonaan barnaamijka SDM suuqa kala socda si toos ah in browser ah.

Aasaasidda khadka model Linksys

Haddii user ayaa helay router ka line model Linksys, hawsha samaynta deegaanka garaafyada waxaa si weyn u fududeeyey. Ka dib markii la xidhiidha waa ku filan oo ay ku qor in bar cinwaanka browser ah: 192.168.1.1. Ka dibna ku raran yihiin suuqa kala goobaha hab garaaf.

First aad u baahan tahay in si degdeg ah aad bedesho password iyo login saarka default sida: admin - admin. Waxaa loo sameeyaa ka dib markii guurka ee tab Maamulka. In tab this, waxaad samayn kartaa a goobaha reserve gurmad.

Next aad u baahan tahay si ay u Wireless tagaan - Basic Wireless Setup, in tab si dhigay goobaha si buuga (Manual). Sida fure sir ah ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa tiro serial qalabka.

Waxaa weli kaliya si ay u doortaan nooca xiriir Internet ee columns baahisey in la wado meel siinaya bixiyaha.

goobaha password khiyaano

Gebogebadii, waxa xusid mudan in maamulka badan nidaamka ma khuseeyaan sirta ah ee sirta ah si ixtiraam leh u sabab ah. Oo waa wax been ah, sababtoo ah haddii ku koobnayn oo kaliya hal dhimaya "password" marka la samaynayo password a, ka dibna waxa uu noqon karaa mid si guul ah "ku milmaan" ee snmp iyo khatar dhinaca ammaanka ee nidaamka oo dhan. Taasi waa sababta ay waxaa lagu talinayaa in howlgalka la dhimaya mudnaanta isticmaalka «qarsoodi ah». Ujeedadu waxay tahay in haddii aan u isticmaalno ee dhimaya «password», sirta ah lagu kaydin doonaa cad ee file config a, iyo haddii dhimaya faa'iido «qarsoodi ah», password la Windows XP doonaa.

Xaalada danbe, amarka si ay u dejiyaan encryption sirta ah waa in ay eegaan wax u eg soo socda: router (config) ku qarsoon #enable PASS , halkaas oo PASS waxaa loo cayimay password. Tani waxay mitaal sirta ah ee mudnaanta hab la dheereeyey.

Iyada oo ku xidhan model gaar ah qalabka Cisco ah, hardware iyo software daafigaw kala duwanaan karaan, laakiin guud ahaan, sawir uu u muuqdo mid si sax ah sida kor lagu sharaxay.