Republic of China, dhaqaalaha, dadka, taariikhda

Dad badan oo aan xataa war in dunidu hadda wax ka badan hal Republic of China, iyo laba, mid ka mid ah oo kaliya ayaa horgalaha "dad". Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan. In qarnigii labaatanaad waxaa waqti gaaban ka mid ahaa Republic of China, laakiin wakhtigan ah "Soviet". Isku day in aad xisaabiso oo mid iyaga ka mid ah waa kan.

Shiinaha

Tani waa xaalad awooda badan adduunka si weyn loo yaqaano hoos magaca more caan ah "China". Waxaa la aasaasay 01.10.1949 Caasimadda ah ee dalka this waa in Beijing. Shiinaha (PRC) waa waddan ku dhaqma hantiwadaag. Si aad u taariikhda, waxaa shir Xi Jinping. Garoomada dalka ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Shiinaha. Dalkani waa xubin joogto ah oo ka mid ah Golaha Ammaanka ee QM. Oo maalin kasta oo marayay ay miisaanka siyaasada aduunka iyo dhaqaalaha si degdeg ah u koraya.

Dowladda oo ka mid ah Dadka Republic of China ayaa mar walba daryeelo oo ku saabsan awoodda difaaca ee dalka. Sida maanta, Shiinaha waa milkiilaha ciidanka ee dunida ugu weyn. Isla mar ahaantaa waxa kale oo uu leeyahay arsenal badan oo hubka nukliyeerka. The ugu weyn ee magaalo Shiinaha yihiin Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tiro badan oo dadka ku nool waddankan ku hadla lahjado kala duwan, luqadda rasmiga ah oo ay leeyihiin mid ka mid - Chinese ah.

goobta dhuleed iyo macluumaad guud oo ku saabsan Shiinaha

Dadyowga Republic of China waxaa ku yaal bariga Asia. wadataa Its waa 32 ° 48'00 "loolka xagga woqooyi, iyo 103 ° 05'00" dhigaha bari. gobolka Tani meedka meesha saddexaad ee adduunka in ay meesha. Waxaana ay ku aaddan meel ka mid ah ku dhawaad 9.6 million mitir oo laba jibbaaran. km. Laakiin marka la eego tirada dadka la Shiinaha, ninna ma la tartami karin. 2013 dadka lagu qiyaasay 1.366.500.000 qof oo ku nool dalkan.

Shiinaha waxaa lagu maydhay by badaha ee Badweynta Pacific (East Shiinaha, Yellow, South China). deriska waa Russia, North Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos. Coast of China bilaabo ilaa soohdinta koonfureed la North Korea oo kala in Vietnam. Waxay leedahay dherer ah Km 14.5 kun.. jeer oo dhammu waa Shiinaha u dhiganta +8. Telefoonka dalka code +86.

Dhaqaalaha dalka Shiinaha

Dadyowga Republic of China waa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ee dhaqaalaha dunida. Sidaas darteed, sanadkii 2013, ay GDP ahaa 7.318.000.000.000.000 oo doolarka Maraykanka ah, oo ku salaysan tirada dadka ee dalka waa 6569 oo doolar. Saarka guud ee iibsiga hannaanka awoodaynta (PPP) lacag dhan ilaa 12 383 trillion oo doolarka Maraykanka ah. In per capita marka la eego, waxaa ka dhigan tahay in $ 9828. In December 2014 dhaqaalaha Shiinaha ayaa waxa uu noqday ugu horeysay ee adduunka on tilmaame this.

In Dadka Republic of China lacagta qaranka waa renminbi ah (CNY). Waxay u dhigantaa code a digital ah ee dalka ay asal ahaan 156. dhaqaalaha ee Jamhuuriyadda Dadka kala duwan. Isla mar ahaantaana Shiinaha waa hogaamiyaha la aqoonsan yahay adduunka ee wax soo saarka ee noocyada kala duwan ee wax soo saarka warshadaha, sida baabuurta iyo qalabka. Waa in ku dhawaad dalalka kasta dhoofisa tiro aad u badan badeecadda, sidaas waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan "Warshadda dunida". Shiinaha - haystaha ugu weyn ee kaydka lacagaha qalaad.

Shiinaha dadweynaha

Human Development Index (HDI) ee 2014, Shiinaha kaalinta 91-aad ka mid ah dalalka. Wuxuu ahaa 0,719, taas oo ah natiijo aad u wanaagsan. Demonym (magaca deggan degaanka gaar ah) u muuqataa sidii "Shiine", "Shiine", "Chinese".

In Shiinaha waxaa jira tobanaan dadyowga kala duwan (56 si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay). Waxay ku kala duwan in ay caadooyinka, dhaqanka, dharka, cunnada. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin af u gaar ah. Dhammaan oo ka mid ah dadka yar ee xisaabta guud ee% dadka ka mid ah gobolka this kaliya 7. bulk ee ku nool Shiinaha - Chinese ah, kuwaas oo isugu yeedhaan ah "Han".

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tan iyo 1979 dalka lagu xakamaynta dhalmada adag, korodhka sannadlaha ah dabiiciga ah ee dadka ku sii wadaan in ay si tartiib ah u kora. Filashada The nolosha ka mid ah dadka Shiinaha waa sannadkii 71. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, tirada dadka deggan magaalooyinka iyo miyiga yihiin ku dhowaad siman, oo tilmaamaysa in heerka sare ee magaalaynta ee dalka. Tirada dadka ee Jamhuuriyadda Dadka fidinayso socda diimaha waaweyn - Budhiism, Taoism, Confucianism.

History Guud ee PRC

Shiinaha - mid ka mid ah dalalka dunida ugu da'da weyn. saynisyahano Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in ilbaxnimada in State ayaa ku saabsan 5000 sano. Ilo ku qoran Available xaqiijiyo in Shiinaha horeba 3.5 kun oo sano ka hor waxaa jiray hay'adaha maamul leh nidaam ay gacanta ku horumaray. Talantaalli ah kasta taliyayaashii guri ammaan ka shaqeeya ay horumar. Dhaqaalaha dalka ayaa had iyo jeer ku salaysan horumarinta beeraha.

door weyn ee loo xoojin lahaa ilbaxnimo Shiinaha ciyaaray by hordhaca ah ee Confucianism sida fikirka gobolka iyo nidaamka qoraal midaysan. Oo waxay noqotay in qarnigii II-waan ka BC. Waayo, boqolaal sano boqortooyooyinka iyo gobolladaba kala duwan, kuwaas oo ku jiray dhulka, isku dhafan, ka dibna ku dhacay marka laga reebo. Isla mar ahaantaana dadka deegaanka ka weeraro joogta ah reer guuraa ku xanuunsaday. Si loo ilaaliyo iyaga waxaa la dhisay by Great Wall ee Shiinaha. Wixii kun oo sano ilbaxnimada this xoog badan oo horumarsan, diriray, hayeyna inay ku wareegsan quruumaha Asian. Modern Shiinaha waa natiijada geedi socodka siyaasadda iyo dhaqanka qarniyo jir ah.

Wixii kun oo sano gobolka this garoomada by boqorada ee dhaxaysay qarniyadii kala duwan. Republic of China, loo yaqaan Zhonghua mingo, socotay ka 1911 si ay u 1949

12/02/1912, boqor ee la soo dhaafay, PU Yi, ka gaabin saxiixay ee carshiga. In gobolka this foom Jamhuuriga ee dawladda la soo bandhigay sharciga, laakiin dhab ahaantii in muddada u dhaxaysa 1911 in 1949 sii waday inta lagu guda jiro "Time of rabshado." Isla mar ahaantaana, Shiinaha kor u galay hay'adaha kala duwan oo sababo hoos unugyada ciidanka gobolka. Kaliya ee 1949, xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Shiinaha Army (CPC) ayaa noqday goolkii guusha ee dagaal sokeeye socday in dhulkeeda. Tani waxa ay gacan weyn ka geysatay taageerada Midowga Soofiyeeti. CCP guuleystay xisbiga Conservative ee Republic of China, loo yaqaan Kuomintang ah. Taliyayaashii dambe waxay u carareen xagga Taiwan. Waxaa, waxayna la mid noqdeen aasaasayaasha xaalad la mid ah Republic of China.

ku dhawaaqidda Jamhuuriyadda

Bishii September 1949, waxaa soohdinta reer China casriga ah ku soo biiray Golaha Wadatashiga Dadka Chinese ee. Waxa uu ahaa kii naadiyey Dadka Republic of waxbarashada. Wakhtigan uu doorto Golaha Xukuumadda Dadka Dhexe ee (CPPCC), kaas oo noqday guddoomiyaha Mao Tszedun. In 1954, In Shiinaha, dastuurkana waxaa la ansixiyay, magaca TSNPS in Guddiga Joogtada ah ee Congress Dadka National ee.

In muddo ah ka soo 1949kii si 1956, Midowga Soofiyeeti buriyay gargaarka oo dhan si State ee abuurista warshadaha ee aasaasiga ah. qaramayn iyo collectivization lagu qaaday dhulka Jamhuuriyadda. Xawliga wayn bilaabeen in ay horumariyaan dhismaha hantiwadaagga. In 1956, koorso cusub ee horumarinta ayaa lagu dhawaaqey ee dalka, kaas oo noqday jidh nolosha fikradaha Mao Zedong ka dhanka siyaasadda "communisation" iyo "Weeraryahanka u boodboodi weyn". Laga soo bilaabo 1966 ilaa 1976, Shiinaha ayaa la naadiyey ah "kacaanka dhinaca dhaqanka", taas oo keentay in loo xoojin lahaa halganka fasalka. Heleyna ku saabsan Jidka "gaarka ah" ee horumarka, gobolka iyo bulshada beeniyay xiriirka badeecadaha-lacag, ayaa mamnuucday foomamka non-state of lahaanshaha, xiriirka dhaqaale shisheeye la qaboojiyey oo si uu u qabto tijaabooyin dadweynaha.

Bilowgii ah "mucjiso dhaqaale"

in ay awoodda Imaatinka Den Syaopin cambaareeyey siyaasadaha isaga ka horreeyay, iyo in 1977 bilaabay olole cusub, loo yaqaan "Beijing Spring". In 1978, ee Goluhu heerka CPC la naadiyey dhaqaalaha suuqa hantiwadaagga. Waxay lahaa Tilmaamo gaar ah. Waxay ahayd in la isugu daro qorshaynta iyo qaybinta iyo nidaamka suuqa la soo jiidashada weyn ee maalgelinta shisheeyaha. shirkadaha Chinese ka faa'iiday madaxbannaani dheeraad ah hawlaha ay dhaqaale. Waxaa si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalaha dawladda aag dhaqaale oo lacag la'aan ah u furan. dareenka Great waxaa la siiyaa gudbo saboolnimada dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada.

By dhamaadka ee 80s ee qarnigii labaatanaad dadweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ayaa si buuxda lagu siiyo cunto. Sanad kasta, GDP iyo waxsoosaarka warshadaha ayaa si tartiib ah kor u kacay. dib u habaynta Den Syaopina ayaa si guul leh u fulin oo raac qaateyaasha ay:

• 1993 - Tszyan Tszemin;
• 2002 - Hu Tszintao;
• tan iyo 2012 - Xi Jinping.

nidaamka Shiinaha State

Ever diiwaan-galiyay dalka waxaa laga dhigay 4 Dastuurka (1954, 1975, 1978, 1982 GG.). Sida laga soo xigtay la soo dhaafay iyaga ka mid ah, Shiinaha waa waddan ku dhaqma hantiwadaag ee kaligii talisnimada dimuqraadi ah dadka. awood ay ugu sareeya waa Hal Aqal National Congress Dadka ee (Dadka National Congress). Waxay ka kooban tahay tiro badan oo ah ku xigeenadiisa (2979), kuwaas oo loo doortay doorashada gobolka 5-sano. NPC sannad kasta la kulmay. Si aad uga qeyb galo doorashada loo ogol yahay oo kaliya xubno ka mid ah CPC iyo 8 ka mid ah dhinacyada "dimuqraadi ah", taas oo ay qayb ka yihiin CPPCC ah (Siyaasadda Wadatashiga Council Chinese Dadka). The jirka fulinta ugu sarreeya - Golaha State, ama (sida inta badan waxa loo yaqaan) Dowladda Dadka Dhexe ee. Waxay ka kooban tahay: Ra'iisul isaga iyo ku xigeenadiisa, wasiirada, Hantidhawrka Guud, xubnaha caadiga ah, oo ah xoghayaha fulinta. maxkamadda ugu sarreeya - Maxkamadda Dadka Sare ee. door weyn ee horumarinta dalka ciyaaray maamulka deegaanka - Congress Dadka iyo fulinta iyo maamulka dawladda (heer qaran).

Si aad u taariikhda, ay sharci u gaar ah, waxaa jira gobollada maamul gaar ah, kuwaas oo - in Hong Kong iyo Macau. Madaxa Dadka Republic of China, Xi Jinping, ma joojin xiriirka saaxiibtinimo la bedelka ee USSR ah - Federation Ruush. Sannad kasta saaxiibtinimada ka dhaxeeya labada dal iyo dardar wadajir iskaashiga faa'iido waxaa helo. Safaaradda oo ka mid ah Dadka Republic of China ee Ruushka qabsadey muhiimadda ugu weyn ee loo xoojin lahaa dheeraad ah oo xiriirka u dhexeeya dalalka our.

qaybinta maamulka

Sida Shiinaha - weyn ee miisaanka iyo gobolka dadweynaha, waxa uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka maamulka ah mid aad u adag. Shiinaha ilaalisana 22 gobolladaba, iyo dawladda ayaa aaminsan in adminedinitsey 23 Taiwan. Dhismaha Qaranku this sidoo kale ka mid ah 5 gobol goboleedka, 4 degmo (magaalada dawlad dhexe), 2 unit dhul gaar ah. Wadajir, waxaa loo yaqaannaa "Dhul baaxadeedka Shiinaha". units maamulka goonida ah: Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan.

Dhab ahaantii, in Shiinaha waxaa jira heerarka dawladda hoose:

• gobolka (23 gobol, magaalo dhexe jooge 4, 5 iyo 2 deegaanka gaar ah goboleedka);
• Circuit (15 prefectures aimak 3, 286 iyo 30 degmo oo magaalooyinka goboleedka);
• gobolka (gobollada 1455 caadiga ah, 370 - degmada, 117 - goboleedka, 857 caadiga ah iyo khaaska ah ee degmada 4; 49 khoshuns fudud oo goboleedka 3);
• Parish (13,587 iyo 1085 gobollada Caadiga Qaranka, 19.683 dejinta 106 fudud iyo 1 TJS 2 degaanka gobolka amarka iyo wadada Guddiga qaran ee 7194);
• miyiga (magaalooyinka xaafadaha, jaaliyadaha, tuulooyinka).

Hong Kong waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha dhaqaale ee dunida. In this gobolka maamulka gaarka ah ee Shiinaha, kuwaas oo ay ka awood maray sanadkii 1997, waxay hoy u tahay in ka badan 7 milyan oo qof. Macau - territory goboleedka (gumeysi hore ee Portugal), halkaas oo in ka badan 0.5 milyan oo qof.

Republic of China

Waa in aan hadda kula dhaqanka dawladaha ku yaal dhulka this ka qabtaan. Yaa Republic of China? Laakiin waa wax la mid ah Taiwan, kuwaas oo dowladda Shiinaha u aragtaa gobolkii 23-ka mid ah dalka. Tani waxay jasiiradda Badweynta Pacific ku yaal 150 km ka baxsan xeebta bari ee dhulweynaha China. Dhexdoodana Strait Taiwan ah. Meesha ee jasiiradda waa 36 sq. M. km.

madaxbanaanida this gobolka ayaa waxaa magaalada 10.10.1911 naadiyey, laakiin ilaa hadda waxa ay leedahay aqoonsi ah qayb diblomaasiyadeed. luqadda rasmiga ah Taiwan ee - Chinese. Its caasimada - Taipei. Jamhuuriyadda Tani waa dal dimoqraadi ah oo leh nidaam semi-Madaxweynaha Dowladda iyo xilldhibaan oo a. Si aad u taariikhda, Taiwan waa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu horumarsan ee gobolka. Waa qayb ka mid ah waxa loogu yeero "afar shabeelka Asian" waa. Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda waa isku dhafan Ma Intszyu.

Flag of the Republic of China waa calanka cas, turjumaya Dhulka, la laydi buluug ah ee geeska bidix ee sare, taasoo ah samada ah. Waxa ay muujinaysaa qorraxda cad. Flag of the Republic of China ugu horeysay u muuqday in 1928 in Kuomintang ah.

In Taiwan guriga ku saabsan 23.3 milyan oo qof,. Iyadoo GDP per capita ee 2013 lacag dhan 39 767 oo doolar, taas oo 11 jeer ka badan tiradaasi ee Shiinaha. warshadaha technology Taiwan door muhiim ah ka dhaqaalaha adduunka. Iyo qiimaha sannad ka sannad keliya u kordhiyaa. Dhaqaalaha ee Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha si guul leh horumariyo ka badan labaatan sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo la isticmaalayo technology ugu dambeeyay iyo waxbarasho fiican ee dadka. lacagta dalka this - Taiwan Dollar.

Waxbarashada Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha muddo tobannaan sano horumariyo si ay had iyo jeer la tixgelinayo baahida beddelo dhaqaalaha koraya. Si aad u taariikhda, muddada waxbarashada aasaasiga ah oo khasab ah waa 9 sano. Recently, maamulka Taiwan rabto in this kordhiyo ilaa 12 sano. Nidaamka oo dhan waxbarashada waxaa inta badan u janjeedhaan dhinaca daraasadda ee cilmiga farsamada. Sidaas darteed qalin tababarka ay leeyihiin mid ka mid ah heerka ugu sareeya ee tababarka ee xisaabta iyo sayniska.

Chinese Soviet Republic

Epoch ah hantiwadaagga-wadaag, dad badan oo muddo dheer la illoobay. Dad yar ogaadaan in ay jirto dawlad noocaas ah, sida Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha. Waxaa socday aad u dheer. gobolka Tani yar waxaa la abuuray 1931 hoos imaanaya hoggaanka xisbiga shuuciga ee Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta ee Shiinaha (Jiangxi). In 1937 waxaa loo beddelaa meel gaar ah.

Chinese Soviet Republic lahaa calanka u gaar ah, dowladda ku meelgaarka, Dastuurka, sharciyada, calaamadaha lacageed iyo sifooyinka kale ee gobolka. Golaha Shacabka ee Commissars Jamhuuriyadda madax kale oo aan ahayn Mao Tszedun, kuwaas oo markii dambe noqday hoggaamiyaha muddo-dheer oo ka mid ah Dadka Republic of China ma jiro. taageero Military dalka uu noqday Group Dhexe Army. Waxay ka koobnayd ciidamada Mao Zedong iyo Zhu De. In 1931-1932 GG. waxaa jiray habeynta ah oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas.

feature ugu weyn ee juquraafi ahaaneed ee Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha ahaayeen: booska macdanta, fog, la'aanta ee isgaarsiinta, taasoo ka qayb qaatay in ay ilaalinta la diriraan cadaawayaashooda oo dibadda. Waxaa ay deggan yihiin qiyaastii 5 milyan oo qof.