Relief Ukraine: Tilmaamo, qaababka ugu muhiimsan iyo sifooyinka

gargaarka Ukraine ee waa mid aad u kala duwan. Waxaa jira ku dhawaad wax kasta, oo buuraha iyo dhulka bannaanka ahba, godadka, canyons, weli of Qoryaale dhagax badeed iyo xataa tuurasha! Maxay yihiin qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee gargaarka ee Ukraine? Macdanta oo noocyada waa in uurkii dalka this? Read waxa ku saabsan in this article.

Gaar ahaan Ukraine iyo noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee ay gargaarka

Inta badan dalka waa gudahood dhismeedka weyn - Yurub East Bannaankii. Kaliya ee galbeed iyo xagga koonfureed ee ugu shishaysa ee Ukraine Dhuur buuraha reer dhexdhexaad ah height. Guud ahaan, 95% ka mid ah dhulka - bannaan, iyo kaliya 5% ay degan by safafka iyo massifs buurta.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah gargaarka ee Ukraine waa wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan sheegin barta ay ugu sareeya oo ugu hooseeya ee dusha dhulka ee. Sidaas darteed, in Carpathians Yukreeniyaan ah, oo ku taala xuduuda maamulka gobollada Transcarpathian iyo Ivano-Frankivsk, waa buurta ugu sareeya dalka - Goverla. Its height waadaxa ah ee 2061 mitir. Sannad kasta, kumanaan ka mid ah Ukraine jiirta in ay shir. Laakiin agagaarka Kuyal'nitskogo estuary (gobolka Odessa) waa halkii ugu hooseysey ee Ukraine (laga jaray 5 mitir heerka badda).

Oogada Dhulka gayiga Ukraine casriga ah waxaa la sameeyay malaayiin sano, waayo, xilliyo badan oo dhulka. Its horumarinta ayaa sidoo kale saamayn ku dhaq tectonic iyo glaciations ugu dambeeyay iyo awood badan. Sababo la xiriira muuqaalka guud ee dhulka ee Ukraine waxa ay taasi cilmi weyn oo xiiso dhab ah. In qarnigii labaatanaad waxa uu ka tagay ay calaamaddu iyo hawlaha aadanaha dulmiga badan.

Noocyada gargaarka Ukraine layaab kala duwan. Waxaa jira buuro iyo dooxooyin, dhulka iyo uplands. Karst, dhaadhaca, aeolian, nabaad biyo, glacial iyo biogenic - dhan ah noocyadan gargaarka laga heli karaa qaybaha kala duwan ee dalka.

sifooyinka guud ee muuqaalka guud ee dhulka ee Ukraine

In la eego orography dhulka oo dhan Ukraine waxa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: Dhiniciisa Midig, taas waxaa laga heleyaa sare ee waadaxa ah ee in ka badan 200 oo mitir, iyo bangiga ka tagay, sarajooggiisuna waadaxa ah oo dhif ah waa in ka badan 200 oo mitir heerka badda.

Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee gargaarka ee ka qayb bangiga midig ee reer Ukraine - waa badnaa ee hills diidanaa, farqi weyn ee Joogga on dhul, qaybinta muhiim ah foomamka karst. On bangiga bidix intaba meelaha la safan ee dusha iyo dhulka, iyo dooxooyinka webiga si fiican u horumarsan iyo network cufan iyo webiyada.

Ku dhawaad qayb dhan waqooyi ee Ukraine degan Polesye ee dooxada leh sare celcelis ahaan 100-250 mitir. Kaliya ee waqooyiga Zhytomyr taagan Guda Slovechansko-Ovruch leh height ugu badnaan 316 mitir. Ka mid ah kaymaha iyo meelaheeda dhoobada ah, togaga glacial iyo aeolian soo noqnoqda dooxada.

Inta badan Ukraine Western qaadataa Podolsk Upland, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah massifs low-buur (Voronyaki, Gologory iyo kuwo kale). Halkan waxaa ku yaalaa iyo Khotyn Upland leh meesha ugu sarreysa oo ah qayb ka mid ah guri ee dalka - buurta Byrd (515 mitir).

The gargaarka ee qaybta bari ee Ukraine waa inta guri. daalka Tani waxay wax yar ka dilutes Donetsk Ridge ah, Azov iyo Upland, Spurs in u soo galeen dalka ee waqooyi-bari. Ku dhawaad koonfureed oo dhan Ukraine (iyo sidoo kale qaybta waqooyi ee Jasiiradda Crimean) qaadataa ballaaran Black Sea dooxada, height celcelis ahaan kala duwan yihiin inta u dhaxaysa 80-120 mitir.

The gargaarka ee Ukraine aan la soo bandhigay oo keliya in bannaankii, laakiin safafka buurta. In ka fog galbeed ee dalka ku yaalaan Yukreeniyaan Carpathians, oo ka kooban dhowr tiixtiix wadajir isku midka ah.

Si kooban oo ku saabsan khayraadka macdanta ee dalka

Ukraine waa toban top dalalka dunida ee ay guud ahaan kaydka khayraadka macdanta. Xoolo ugu weyn ee dalka - waa iron ore la content a xad sare oo Ferrum ah. Its kayd ugu muhiimsan yihiin kryvbas gudahood. macdanta Ore waxaa lagu fuliyaa tan iyo dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah.

Guud ahaan, in Ukraine waxaa jira in ka badan 20 kun oo kayd ah oo ka badan boqolaal macdanta kala duwan. iyaga, dhuxusha, lignite, baaruud, gaaska dabiiciga ah, cusbo potassium, bir iyo ka mid manganese senti, phosphorites, granites, marl, kuul iyo kuwa kale.

Muuqaalka guud ee dhulka iyo dabiiciga ah khayraadka ee Ukraine waxaa aad ula xiriira. Sayidka, kaydka weyn ee dhuxusha yihiin gudahood Donetsk kala duwan, saliid iyo gaaska - Poltava Caraabaah. By Mashruucyada Gaashaan crystalline on Upland Dnieper ah ku egtahay kayd badan oo senti bir iyo manganese. Nedra Podolsk Upland aad u hodan ku ah noocyo kala duwan oo dhismaha alaabta ceeriin.

Podolsk Upland

Podolsk Upland - dhismeedka orographic, kaas oo degan oo ku saabsan 15% ka mid ah aagga of Ukraine. Its Spurs koonfurta sidoo kale u yimid inuu dhulka deriska ah Moldova. Dhibcood ee ugu sareeya ee buurta - Mount Kamuli (471 mitir). sare ayaa celcelis ahaan waa 300-350 mitir.

quruxsan Podolsky ka kooban yahay inta badan ee nuuradda, sandstone, Shale iyo marl. Sidaa darteed, halkan si firfircoon miino noocyo kala duwan oo qalabka dhismaha. In gargaarka ahaa ee buurta lahaa bayaan loo arkaa Arrays shaqsi: Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, buuraha Kremenets, Tovtry iyo kuwa kale.

Muddo Podillya Yukreeniyaan ee aad caadi u Karst. Kaliya ee koonfurta gobolka Ternopil, waxaa jira qiyaastii 100 godadka. iyaga ka mid ah waa godka ugu dheer gypsum in Europe - rajo. Dhererka guud ee ay stroke lagu qiyaasay inuu yahay 250 kiilomitir.

dooxada Badda Madow

Black Sea dooxada degan ku dhowaad koonfureed oo dhan Ukraine, kordhin ka Ismaaciil u Berdyansk. Waa guri oo wax yar ka dhigin dhinaca badda Plain la sare celcelis ahaan 80-120 mitir.

Laga soo bilaabo waqooyi ilaa koonfur gudbaya dooxada dooxada saddex webi ee waaweyn ah - ee Dnieper, Dniester iyo bahal Southern. In ka watersheds of Wabiyadan waxaa jira noocyo gaar ah ee gargaarka - ee lagu qeybiyo wax-u. Tani waxay hoos u yar oo fekrado in dusha dhulka ee, la sameeyey iyadoo ay sabab u dagitaan of qayb ka qoto dheer.

On xeebaha iyo badaha Black iyo Azov sameeyay dhowr estuaries waaweyn (Dnieper, Dniester, caano, iwm), iyo sidoo kale hannaanka ah tufo ciid cidhiidhi iyo Islets.

Yukreeniyaan Carpathians

Yukreeniyaan Carpathians - waa qayb ka mid ah baaxadda weyn Carpathian buurta, oo ku yaalla qaybta galbeed ee dalka oo baahsan oo ka mid ah afar goobood. Waxay ka kooban yihiin dhowr tiixtiix isku midka ah u janjeedha dhinaca ka WoqooyiGalbeed kuna socota KoonfurBari ah. Dhexdoodana waa qabaal gaadhya arrin qoto dheer.

Dhererka guud ee Yukreeniyaan Carpathians waa 280 km, iyo width celceliska - oo ku saabsan 110 km. Guud ahaan, meesha buurta daboolayaa qiyaastii 24,000 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, kaas oo uu u dhigmo iyada oo dhulka ka mid ah gobolka Mykolayiv.

Qaab-dhismeedka dhulka ee nidaamka buurta heysatay kayd jeeso iyo limestones Jacka iyo schists. khayraadka macdanta waxaa lagu bixiyay saliidda, gaaska iyo wax macdanta. Waxaa jira meelo badan oo aad biyaha macdanta bogsiinaya.

Montenegro - xigtaa ugu sareeya ee Yukreeniyaan ah

In Carpathians Yukreeniyaan ah, waxaa jira lix dvuhtysyachnika wax-u - Mountains kor sumadda 2000 mitir. Waxay u sareeya: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, PIP Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik iyo feeraha. Waxaa oo dhan ku yaal kala duwan oo buur gudahood - Montenegro.

Chornogora Ridge la odhan karaa waa dulucdii dhamaan Carpathians Yukreeniyaan ah. Isagu waa iyadaa ugu caansan ka mid ah dalxiisayaasha. xigtaa kala dhowaad 20 kiiloomitir oo lagu qaybsanyahay laba webiga Bariga Yurub weyn - ka Tisza iyo Prut.

diyaariyeen ah ee Montenegro ayaa sidoo kale ku dhufo. Its laylan ee koonfurta si degdeg ah hoos u dhicin oo waxay leeyihiin ama wax yar branching. Laakiin xagga woqooyi, on lid ku ah, lagu gartaa Heer sare ah ee branching iyo hoos heerarka. Against Montenegro ka arki kartaa, togaga glacial - kululeeyaha yar, darfaha dhagax iyo tiixtiix moraine.

Tovtry - a formation dabiiciga ah gaar

Isagoo ka hadlayay gargaarka Ukraine ee, in aan ku xuso Tovtry ah. Tani waa mid ka mid ah qaababka geomorphological ugu xiisaha badan ee dalka. In dunida ka jira oo kaliya dhowr ka mid ah facooda uu.

Hiddaha Tovtry - waa jabalo weyn shacaab in taagay dhawr boqol oo kiilomitir. Waxa uu u billaabay dhow gobolka tuulada Pidkamin Lviv, iyo dhamaado dhow magaalada Costesti, horeba waa on dhulka ee Moldova. Boqolaal malaayiin sano ka hor dhulka this qarash diiran Sea Sarmatian, nolosha organic oo magooshay midabka tumaya. Grand Toltrovy dhaxayn in aan maanta arko - taasi waa waxba, iyadoo ay sabab ka mid ah kuwan bayoolajiga firfircoon.

width Tovtry u dhaxeysa 4 ilaa 12 km iyo sare ilaa 430 mitir. dhererkiisu dhan xigtaa waxaa jira 65 dhagaxyadii qorqornaa, halkaas oo miino nuuradda, gypsum iyo dhoobo.

gargaarka aadmiga Ukraine

Relief Ukraine ayaa si xoogan loola habeeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale aadanaha ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Tani waxay si gaar dareemi meelaha sida Donbass ama Kryvbas meesha ka fiirsato of iron ore iyo dhuxusha dhulka ka si firfircoon sameeyay.

Sidaas darteed, magaalooyinka ku xeeran badan oo Donetsk iyo Luhansk boqolaal gobolka ilaa tuulmooyin. Kuwani hills yar koorta-qaabeeya, oo ka kooban dhagax weyn qashinka - nooc ka mid ah by-products of warshadaha dhuxul ah. Laakiinse dalka Kryvorizhzhya sida shaandheeyo a, daboolay miinooyinka, fashilaad iyo craters weyn ee degaanka iyo si qoto dheer ee meeshii laga soo qoday iron ore.

Intaa waxaa dheer, channel ee Dnieper iyo tiro ka mid ah oo kale oo weyn oo webiyaasha Ukraine ayaa hor istaagay xireenno weyn. Sidaas darteed, dhul baaxad weyn si fudud u waayay biyo hoostiisa, iyo gargaarka ee meelaha ku hareeraysan ayaa si qoto dheer loo beddeli karin.

Sidaas darteed, qofka ganacsi firfircoon gayiga Ukraine ee qarnigii labaatanaad si weyn u bedelay dabiiciga ah ee dusha sare, la abuuro qaab cusub oo gargaarka.