Waa maxay-gud iyo "waxa ay cunaan?"

Jawaabta su'aashani waa in gud in juqraafiga, tusaale ahaan, ka heli noqon doonaa mid aad u adag, laakiin waxa ay si fiican u noqon lahayd in ay bayoolaji iyo in la tixgeliyo fikrada ka dhanka nafleyda waa.

Qeexid, sharaxaad, gud

-gud loo yaqaan noocyada - wakiillo ka socda labada dhirta iyo ugaarta ku nool on a meelaha cadaalad ah go'doonsan ama meelo xaddidan. Inta badan goobaha kuwanu waa kuwa deegaanka ama juquraafi kala soocan yihiin inta kale ee dunida. Intaa waxaa dheer, meelaha macluumaadka waxaa lagu gartaa degaanada conserved, ie kuwa halkaas oo xaalado ah ee jiritaanka noocyada-gud ah isma beddelo muddo dheer.

Sababta oo ah hawl aadanaha ballaaran badan oo noocyada maanta ee dhirta iyo xoolaha u guurayso in qayb ka mid ah dhif ah ama gud, taas oo dhiirigelisa dadka in la dhiso seerayaasha qaranka iyo kaydka si ay u ilaaliyaan iyo in la kordhiyo tirada dadka ka mid ah xayawaanka ku haray. Humanity waa ay adag tahay in la fahmo waxa ay tahay-gud si ay mustaqbalka. The noocyada badan soo bandhigay in qaybta gud, ayaa in ka badan waxaan xaddido ay degaanada, xayawaanka iyo dhirta diyaarinta deegaanada la mid ah.

dirka endemics

Waxaa xusid mudan in noocyada-gud ku nool dhulka lamadegaan ah mid kaliya (Welwitschia cajiib ah, taas oo u koraa si gaar ah ee Desert Namib ah), mid ka mid ah jasiiradda ama mid ka mid ah xigtaa ah (waxaa jira dacawo ah hummingbird in ku nool hal Buur Chimborazo, oo ku yaalla South America), uzkoendemichnymi yeedhay. Si aad u dambeyntii fahmaan waxa soo noqnoqda, waa in aqoon u leh kala soocidda aasaasiga ah, ku dheehan yahay noocyada sida qaybsan yihiin neoendemics (horusocod-gud) iyo paleoendemikov (relict-gud).

Neoendemics yeedhay taxa noolaha sida (noocyada), kaas oo diyaariyey isku midka ah in ay "guriga", laakiin in meel cidlo ah, tusaale ahaan gasiiradaha fog ka soo qaaradood. Tusaale ahaan, in Madagascar 65% ka mid ah daaqsinka ee uu ka kooban yahay noocyada-gud, ee Hawaii, iyagoo tiro kor u kacay 90%. Sidoo kale, waxaa ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah noocyada nool ee Crimean ah, on gudubno, Seychelles, jasiiradda of Saint Helena, British u hayaamay, iwm Oo, dabcan, sida in ay ka hadlaan waxa soo noqnoqda, haddii aan ku xuso wakiilada-ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan ..: kangaroos iyo koalas. Waxay ku yimaadaan infraclass ku nool gaar ah ee Australia.

Paleoendemikami noocyada la mid ah ayaa ka soo muuqanaya oo sabab u ah dabar ku gebi ahaanba iyaga ka mid ah oo ku saabsan qaybo badan oo safafka hore. Haraadiga oo ka mid ah wakiilada qadiimiga ah ka badbaaday, inta badan sababta oo ah go'doomin dhamaystiran ka more horumaray. Relict noocyada-gud waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan fossils nool, tan iyo markii ay yihiin wakiilada ugu weyn ee ka mid ah kooxaha ka weyn, kuwaas oo ku noolaa sanado badan ka hor. Waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka crossopterygian (coelacanth) xamaarato klyuvogolovye (Tuatara), Yaxaasyada, carsaanyo kabo faras, lungfish (protopter) monotremes (platypus mas) iyo t D..

-gud of America

North America waa ay kala duwanaanshaha noocyada-gud u qalmaa dareenka. Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu badan la garan karo ee dhirta ka tirsan sida oo ku yaal dhulka ee Maraykanka, waa geed Rafaa Sequoia, wakiilada shaqsi ah oo dadka deegaanka ah ayaa loo magacaabay xitaa magacyada iyaga u gaar ah. By noocyada dhirta-gud ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah geed Balfour, tansy Huron, pachycormus discolor midabo, Obregon de Negri iyo D. t. From dubato dunida gud of North America la cayimi karo gisi kaynta, Cougar, orso American madow, taxadirayo Mississippi, iyo bullfrog ah (oo waxay gaadhaysaa xataa dherer ah 20 cm) iyo condor California.

Baikal - luul ah ee Siberia

In la fahmo waxa soo noqnoqda in Lake Baikal, waxaan u baahan nahay note kaliya in dhirta iyo ugaarta oo badda by 65% ka kooban yahay noocyada-gud. Sidaas, halkan 2600 noocyada nool oo dacawo ah wax yar ka badan 1,000 taxa ka, oo ku saabsan 95 genera, 10 qoysaska xubno ka ah dunida ku baahsan. Mid ka mid ah endemics ugu caansan Lake Baikal la odhan karaa shaabaddii Baikal (seal), mid ka mid ah biyaha saafiga ah oo kaliya noocyada seal ee dunida. Waxa kale oo ka mid ah u gudubno noocyada-gud iyo qoysaska: golomyanka, zheltokrylye (kalluunka badda qoto dheer) omul Baikalian (qoyska Salmonidae) epishura Baikalian (crustaceans, gaarey size celcelis ah oo ku saabsan 1.5-2 mm) oo, sida kor ku xusan, seal Baikalian.