Raymon Puankare: xaqiiqooyinka nolosha

statesman Faransiis Raymon Puankare (1860-1934) inta lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka uu ahaa madaxweynaha iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha ka dibna inta lagu guda jiro taxane ah oo dhibaatooyin dhaqaale. Wuxuu ahaa muxaafid ah, oo taageere u ahaa xasillooni siyaasadeed iyo bulsho.

Raymon Puankare: Biography

Madaxweynaha mustaqbalka ee France, waxa uu ku dhashay ee Bar-le-Duke, magaalo ka mid ah in ka-waqooyi bari ee dalka, August 20, 1860 oo qoyska ka mid ah injineer Nicolas-Antoine Poincaré, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday kormeeraha guud ee buundooyinka iyo waddooyinka. Raymond bartay sharciga ka dhiga jaamacadda Paris, ayaa la dhigay bar ee 1882 iyo socdeen in ay ku dhaqmaan sharciga ee Paris. Aad iyo aad hami Poincaré siiyey xoog oo dhan inay ahaadaan ugu fiican wixii uu sameeyey oo dhan, iyo in 20 sano uu noqdo qareen ugu da'da yaraa ee France. Sida qareen, uu si guul leh difaacay Verne Jules ee dacwad ah dhaleecayn gudbiyay farmashiyaha iyo hindisa qarxa Eugene Turpenom oo sheegtay inuu yahay noocooda ah saynisyahan waalan, muujinayaa novel ah "Calanka hooyo ah."

In 1887, Raymon Puankare (photo waxay muujinaysaa dambe ee maqaalka) ayaa loo doortay waaxda Faransiis ah Meuse ah. Sayidka uu mustaqbalkiisa siyaasadeed bilaabay. In sano ee ku xiga, uu ku soo koray ka shaqeeya golaha wasiirada, oo ay ku jiraan post ee Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Maaliyadda. In 1895 Poincaré loo doortay madaxweyne ku xigeenka Rugta xigeenadiisa (ururkii Sharci dejinta ee Baarlamaanka Faransiis ah). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1899 uu diiday codsi ka yimid Madaxweynaha Faransiiska Emilyu isxidho (1838-1929) soo dhiso xukuumad wadaag ah. Strong-Doonana, oo wadaninimo ah muxaafidka, Poincaré ayaa isku raacay in a Wasiirka hantiwadaagga isbahaysiga. In 1903 wuxuu ka Golaha Wakiilada casilay iyo sharciga ku dhaqma oo waxay u adeegeen in Senate ka yar siyaasad weyn ilaa 1912.

Ra'iisul Wasaaraha iyo Madaxweynaha

Raymon Puankare siyaasadda ku soo laabtay, markii bishii Janaayo 1912 ayaa noqday ra'iisal wasaaraha. On this jagooyinka ugu saameynta badan ee France, wuxuu cadeeyay in uu yahay hoggaamiye xoog iyo Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda. Si aad qof walba la yaab leh, sanadka soo socda uu go'aansaday inuu u tartamo Madaxweynaha - a jagooyinka yara yar oo muhiim ah, oo waxaa loo doortay in post ee January 1913

Si ka duwan Madaxweynayaashii hore, Poincaré qaaday qayb firfircoon ka qaataan siyaasadda. Dareen xoogan oo wadaninimo waxay isagii hor geeyeen aad u shaqeeyaan si loo xaqiijiyo badbaadinta dadka France, xoojinta isbahaysiga la England iyo Russia, iyo taageerada sharciga si loo kordhiyo muddada adeeg ciidan ka laba ilaa saddex sano. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu ahaa nin doondoonaa wanaagga dunida, ku dhashay Lorraine, Poincaré jiray shaki Germany, taas oo soo duulay gobolka ee 1871.

War la Germany

Markii bishii August 1914 ka qarxay dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Raymon Puankare, Madaxweynaha Faransiiska, waxa uu ahaa hoggaamiye milatari oo xoog leh iyo qalcaddayda ee niyadda qaranka. Indeed, uu muujiyey uu daacad u fikradda ah France midaysan, markii la weydiiyay inuu muddo dheer soo horjeeda siyaasadda Zhorzha Klemanso si ay u sameeyaan dawlad sanadkii 1917. Poincaré rumeysan yahay in Clemenceau ahaa musharaxa ugu baxday fulinta waajibaadka Ra'iisul Wasaaraha oo u horseedi kara dalka, inkastoo uu views siyaasadda garabka bidix, taas oo ka soo horjeeda Madaxweynaha dalka Faransiiska.

The Treaty of Versailles iyo magdhaw Jarmal

Raymon Puankare diiddan Clemenceau ku saabsan Versailles, heshiiska saxiixay bishii June ee 1919, kaas oo qeexaya shuruudaha dunida ka dib dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Waxa uu ahaa si adag ku qanacsanahay in Germany waa in magdhow France qadar badan oo ah magdhaw iyo in ay qaataan mas'uuliyadda bilaabo dagaalka. Iyadoo Maraykanka iyo madaxda British rumeysan yahay heshiis aad u adag, dukumintiga, oo ay ku qoran sheegashada dhaqaale iyo dhul la taaban karo in Germany, sida ay Poincaré, ma xumayd ku filan.

shaqo ee Ruhr ah

Poincaré dambe muujiyeen ay mowqifka gardaro Germany, halkaas oo mar kale noqday ra'iisul wasaaraha ee 1922. Muddadan waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda. Marka Jarmalka waxay awoodi waayeen in ay soo kabtaan lacagta magdhaw ay bishii January 1923, Poincaré amar ku bixiyay in Ciidamada Faransiiska ku fadhiisato Ruhr River Valley - Gobolka weyn warshadaha ee galbeedka Germany. In kasta oo shaqo, dowladda Jarmalka ayaa diiday in ay sameeyaan lacag bixinta. caabin dadban ka shaqeeya Jarmal masuuliyiinta Faransiis umbuu of dhaqaalaha Jarmal. sumadda Jarmal burburay, dhaqaalaha Faransiiska ayaa sidoo kale soo gaaray ay sabab u tahay qiimaha shaqo.

guuldaradii Doorashooyinka

dacaayad The Soviet-German ee dhibaatooyinka 1920 of July 1914 waxaa lagu sawiray sida Poincaré-la-ninka (dagaal Poincaré), kuwaas oo ujeedadoodu ahayd kala gogo'aan ee Germany. Wadahadalada on this la filayo keentay tan iyo 1912 by Emperor Nicholas II iyo "militarist waalan iyo revanchist" Raymon Puankare. Macluumaadkan waxaa la daabacay bogagga hore ee wargeyska Faransiiska communist "L'Humanité". Madaxweynaha Faransiiska Nicholas II ayaa lagu eedeeyay in ay dunida muquurtay dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. dhiirrigelinta waxa uu cadeeyay aad wax ku ool 1920, oo ilaa xad ah oo sumcad Poincaré ayaa weli kama uusan soo kabsan.

In 1924, dawladaha Ingiriiska iyo Maraykanka ayaa wadahadalo ku saabsan dejinta ee isku day ah in xasilinta dhaqaalaha Jarmal iyo si ay u fududayso shuruudaha magdhaw. Isla sanadkaas, xisbiga Poincaré laga adkaaday in doorashada guud, iyo Raymond iska casilay ra'iisul-wasaaraha.

xiisadda dhaqaale ee 1926

Raymon Puankare ku hadhay oo aan waxtar lahayn, waayo muddo dheer. In 1926, loogana hortegi ee dhibaatooyin ba'an ay dhaqaale ee France kol dambe wax weyddiiyey inuu soo dhiso xukuumad ah iyo in ay qaataan doorka ra'iisul wasaaraha. Si loo hagaajiyo xaaladda dhaqaale, siyaasiga dhakhso oo go'aan leh u dhaqmeen, waxaa la fuliyay jeexan ee kharashka dadweynaha, kor u dulsaarka, soo bandhigay cashuurta cusub iyo kharashka faran ku xasilin by it ku qabanaya heerka dahab ah. koritaanka kalsoonida shacabka ahaa natiijo ka timid barwaaqada ay dalka, kaas oo soo raacay tallaabooyinka Poincaré. doorashooyinka guud ee April 1928 muujiyeen taageero caan ah oo uu xisbiga iyo doorkeeda ra'iisul wasaaraha.

Raymon Puankare: nolosha shakhsiyeed

Waxaa jiray siyaasi ah qoyska caan u fiican. Uu Lucien (1862-1920) wuxuu ahaa jirka ah iyo walaalkiis noqday isbatooraha guud ee 1902. Ari ina adeerkiis Raymond Poincaré ahaa xisaabyahan caan ah.

Iyada oo uu naagtiisa ka Anriettoy Adelinoy Benuchchi Poincaré kulmay 1901. Waxay ahayd waxay sayidaddeedii ku ah salon ee waxgaradka ah ee Paris oo uu laba jeer u suurtagashay in ay soo booqdaan guursan. Xaflad sokeeye ka dhacay 1904, iyo kiniisadda - wax yar ka dib Poincaré noqday madaxweynaha France ee 1913.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

November 7, 1928 weeraray xisbiga xagjirka-hantiwadaagga Poincaré lagu qasbay inuu is casilo. hal toddobaad gudahiisa, wuxuu sameeyay wasaarada cusub oo uu xilli ciyaareedkii lasoo dhaafay ra'iisul wasaare ku hadhay. In July 1929, xusaya siyaasadaha caafimaadka masaakiinta ka tagay qolka, ka dibna iska diiday dalab si ay u noqdaan ra'iisul-wasaaraha ee 1930.

Raymon Puankare ku dhintay Paris on 15 October 1934 at da'da 74 sano. Ku dhawaad nolosha oo dhan ayuu u huray in adeegga dadweynaha iyo shaqo madaxweynaha lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, oo ay weheliso toosiyaan dhaqaale uu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha in sanadaha soo socda la siiyaa ammaanta hoggaamiye weyn iyo nin kuwaas oo dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa qiimeeyo dalkiisa la.