Production of tayadda hydrogen, hantida, isticmaalka

In this article waxaan eegi doonaa helitaanka baaruud ka sulphide hydrogen. Fiiro dhow guryaha jireed iyo kiimiko oo ah walaxda.

Qaab-dhismeedka

In si ay u falanqeeyaan soo dhaweynta weyn ee tayadda hydrogen, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si aad u ogaato sifooyinka of dhismeedkooda. Iyada oo qayb ka ah walaxda ku jira mid ka mid ah la eb baaruud iyo laba hydrogen. Iyagu waa non-birta, sidaa darteed u dhexeeya xubno ka sameeyey silsilado kala horjeeda covalent. Dhismaha angular ee tayadda hydrogen ah. Waxa ay qaab xagal 92 digrii dhexeeya baaruud iyo hydrogen, taas oo wax yar ka yar ee biyaha.

guryaha jirka

Hydrogen ur tayadda eg ukunta qurmay, waa la yaqaan oo dhan. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah, maalkiisu waa in gobolka gaseous. Waxay leedahay midab lahayn, waa liidata L. biyo, sun. Celcelis ahaan, at 20 degrees Celsius tayadda hydrogen 2.4 milmi doonaa in mugga biyaha. At hydrogen biyo tayadda shaaca ka yar guryaha acidic wakiilka dissociation baxa stepwise. tayadda hydrogen sun ah waa khatar ah xitaa in yar ka qaataan. Content ee hawada ku dhowaad 0.1 boqolkiiba tayadda hydrogen keenaysaa in curyaannimo ee xarunta neefsashada la miyirka oo luma. Tusaale ahaan, naturalist halyeeyga Pliniy Starshy ku dhintay BC 79 qarnigii, waxay ahayd tayadda hydrogen, kaas oo la sameeyay intii lagu jiray qarax ee Vesuvius.

Sababta tallaabada ee lagu sumoobo tayadda hydrogen in ay is dhexgalka kiimikada leh ee unugga dhiigga ku. Iron ku jira protein this foomamka tayadda leh tayadda hydrogen.

fiirsashada ugu ogolyahay ee tayadda hydrogen hawada waxaa loo arkaa inay 0.01 mg / l. Sida daawo neefsasho adeegsaday oxygen saafi ah ama hawada, kuwaas oo qaab-dhismeedka waxaa jira xaddi yar oo ka mid ah chlorine.

La shaqaynta tayadda hydrogen u baahan yahay fulinta xeerarka ammaanka gaar ah. All tijaabo ku saabsan mukhaadaraadka gaseous this qaadeen in qalabka laga shaabadeeyey laba iyo kabadhada buurka.

Hababka loo soo saaro tayadda hydrogen

Waa maxay helitaanka tayadda hydrogen ee shaybaadhka ah? mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan waa xidhiidhka ka mid ah hydrogen la baaruudda. reaction kiimikada Tani waxa ay tilmaamaysaa in xarunta la fuliyay in Dhuunta buurka ah.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, diyaarinta iyo suurto gal tayadda hydrogen ee is-dhaafsiga u dhexeeya tayadda adag birta (2) iyo xal of sulfuric ama Aashito. Si aad u hesho natiijo noocan oo kale ah, ee tube imtixaanka waa ku filan tahay in ay qaataan dhawr xabbadood oo baaruud, kama badna size digir ah. Dheeraad ah, tuubada (mugga bar) ayaa lagu daray xal acid, tube uumiga xiran yahay. Qalabka wuxuu u la dhigayaa daboosho, tuubada waa kuleelka. reaction kiimikada waxaa ku weheliyay sii daayo of goobooyin gaas. Tani waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad si ay u abuuraan tayadda hydrogen si aad u hesho lacagta ee wax ku filan si loogu tixgeliyo guryaha kiimikada ay.

Waa maxay siyaabaha kale ee jira? In diyaarinta shaybaarka ee sulphide hydrogen waxaa loo oggol yahay ficil birta macdan ah (daboosho a) la baaruud crystalline ah, raaceen by reaction ee tayadda la sulfuric acid.

kiimikaad

tayadda hydrogen sameynayso la oxygen hawada, waxa ka gubtay midab buluug. In the case of dhameystiran waxyaabaha reaction sari yihiin baaruud dioxide (4) iyo biyo. Marka la eego in gaaska foornada waa xabagta ah acidic, in xalka, u yeela daciif sulfurous acid, midabayn buluug warqad adag cas.

In case of xaddi aan ku filnayn ee tayadda hydrogen baaruud crystalline la aasaasay. Nidaamkan waxaa tixgeliyaa nidaam warshadaha soo saarka leh baaruud ka tayadda hydrogen saafi ah.

In kiimikada aqoonsaday iyo adkeysiga u fiican. Waxay ku muujisan yihiin, tusaale ahaan, by ficil leh cusbada, halogens. Si ay u qabtaan giisa reaction la mid ah in tuubooyinka imtixaanka la chlorine iyo bromine xal tayadda shubay, midab ayaa lagu arkay. Sida alaabta cadaanyo ayaa lagu arkay formation of baaruud crystalline.

Marka reaction kiimikada ee tayadda hydrogen biyo formation of waxbarashada hydronium H3O +.

tayadda hydrogen sameysmi karaa laba nooc oo xeryahooda: sulfides (cusbo dhexaad ah), iyo hydrosulfides (cusbo acidic).

In dhulka alkali iyo cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay sulfides bir yihiin xeryahooda Biyuhu. In biraha culus (copper, nickel, lead), ay yihiin madow. tayadda manganese uu leeyahay midab casaan ah. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah cusbo ma baabbi'isaa biyaha.

reaction tayada si sulfides heli dhexgalka xal copper sulfate (2). wax soo saarka ee dhexgalka sida waa soo dadajin madow ee tayadda copper (2).

gunaanad

In dabiiciga ah, walax tani waa in ilo macdanta, gaasas Kobenhagen. Xarunta Tani waa wax soo saarka ee bololka ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka noolaha, waxa ay kala udgoonkii caan ku tayadda hydrogen. sulfides dabiiciga ah laga helo ee ka kooban birta iyo naadir ku yahay metallurgy iyaga hesho xubno ku haboon. Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in tayadda hydrogen waa walax sun ah oo xoog leh.