Postulates Bohr ee

Niels Bohr - Saynisyahan deenishka caanka ah, kuwaas oo marka hore cadeeyay incompatibility oo ka mid ah sharciyada classical of physics iyo atamka. Marka tan la eego, wuxuu soo bandhigay laba qodob, oo loo yaqaan maanta galmada Bohr postulates. Waxay ku tiirsan yihiin model ah oo la eb ee, mar soo jeediyey E. Rutherford, sida laga soo xigtay oo ka mid ah (atom) ayaa qaab la mid ah qaab-dhismeedka caalamka: electrons atamka waa dhaqaaq joogto ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka go'an - xuduntii. Marka ugu horaysa, model this waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ku haboon oo si buuxda u qeexaan una sharxaan oo dhan tijaabo ku xiran eb ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib waxa caddaatay in jawaabta su'aasha ku saabsan xaqiiqda ah ee jiritaanka atamka iyo xasiloonida, model this ma awoodo inuu ku.

Sida laga soo xigtay model Planetary, mooshinka ee electrons agagaarka xudunta u taagan waa in ay daruuri tahay in uu la socdaa warshadu hawada ku of hirarka electromagnetic kuwaas oo inta jeer ee uu la siman yahay inta jeer ee wareeg ah xubno si xun u eedeeyay agagaarka xarunta. Sidaas darteed - tamarta electron inuu sii wado inuu hoos u taas oo keenta in ay soo jiidashada weyn in xuduntii,. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida waayo aragnimo shows, tani maaha ka dhacaya. Atom guud ahaan waa hab xasillan in badbaaday muddo dheer oo aan gaadhista saameynta ka baxsan. eb Shucaaca lagu xusay waxaa laga yaabaa in Discrete, i.e. go'aysa, taas oo, dabcan, ayaa tilmaamay in ay xaqiiqda ah ee periodicity ee daraasadda, halkii ay ka joogto. In si kale loo dhigo, cilmi gabagabeeyey in isticmaalka sharciyada classical of physics si ay u sharxaan jiritaanka electrons waa wax aan macquul aheyn.

Kaliya ee 1913, soo bandhigay by malo Bohr loo ogol yahay si ay u sharxaan tusaale of a eb hydrogen mabaadi'da electrons tamarta shucaaca.

gunaanad The by Bohr sameeyey, waxaa la siman xaqiijiyay by saynisyahano badan waqtiga. On ku salaysan fikrado ay waxaa la abuuray aragti ah oo dhan, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday kiiska gaar ah Farsamoyaqaan galmada. postulates Bohr waa sida soo socota:

1. Nidaamka nukliyeerka radiates tamarta, conventionally loo bixiyey Ceyn, halka kaliya ee gobolada galmada. Haddii kale (marka xaalad joogto ah la eb), tamarta aan la sii daayay.

Halkan, gobolka joogta ah loola jeedaa dhaqdhaqaaqa electrons on Galaatiya gaar ah. Inkasta oo la heli karo dhabta ah ee mooshinka la dedejiyey, hirarka electromagnetic aan la timaada, oo keliya la eb leeyahay qiimaha galmada tamarta.

2. postulate labaad, inta badan loo yaqaan xukunka mawjadaha muujinaysaa in kala guurka la eb ka mid ah gobolka in kale (sida caadiga ah ee galmada a taagan) Ulasocto sii daayo ama nuugista ee tamarta. Nidaamkan waxaa fuliyay in qaybo yaryar oo - quanta. Waxay qiimo u dhigma faraqa tamar u dhexeeya dalalka u dhexeeya, taas oo guurka dhab qaadataa meel. postulate labaad ogolaanaya si loo xisaabiyo qiimaha tijaabo tamarta loo yaqaan dalalka taagan inta jeer ee shucaaca ah hydrogen ku.

postulates Bohr waa u faa'iido badan ee sharxaya nuugista iftiinka iyo hawada ee walxaha hydrogen. Dhab ahaantii, waxaa sidaas xaqiijiyay mar natiijooyinka ay isaga qudhiisu Bohr. postulates Bohr ayaa loo ogol yahay saynisyahano casriga ah si ay u dhisaan aragtida ah spectrum hydrogen ah. Waxaa xusid mudan in aragtida ah, tiro ka mid ah noocyada soo socda element - helium - cadeeyay inuu yahay ficil ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, postulates Bohr ee - physics, taas oo ku riday leben xooggan ee aasaaskii aragti galmada ilaa maantadan la joogo waa galku ugu muhiimsan iyo gunaanad. Gaar ahaan, waxa uu ahaa suurto gal ah si ay u dhisaan aragtida ah nuugista iyo hawada iftiinka in la sameeyo xogta classical physics ku saleysan dhalanteed.

postulates Bohr ee loo ogol yahay in aad neefsato nolosha cusub Farsamoyaqaan classical. Ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo waxay ku hadhi kama taagna in shuruudaha farsamo galmada.