The habdhiska autonomic iyo dabeecadihiisa

habka dareemayaasha ee jirka aadanaha iyo xayawaanka waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc - nidaam jir iyo autonomic dareemayaasha. habdhiska degaaankaaga, waxaa gacanta ku miyir qabo qofka iyo isaga addeeca karo, iyo habdhiska dareenka ah autonomic, on lid ku ah, ma hoos gasho nin, oo waa ay gacanta ugu jiraan miyir ah.

nidaamka degaaankaaga qabata shaqo ah dual. Waxaa helo macluumaad ku saabsan deegaanka iyada oo loo marayo dareenka - sida indhaha, kaas oo ay leeyihiin receptors gaar ah. Signalada ka receptors kuwan ku dhici on channels xasaasi ah in habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. Sidoo kale nidaamka degaaankaaga qaadataa calaamadaha ka yimaada habdhiska dhimirka on channels motor u murqaha lafaha, taasoo keenta dhaqdhaqaaqa this.

The habdhiska autonomic - habka dareemayaasha jirka waa wasaarada xeer u midab vascular, durey iyo dhiig weelashii, shuqulka qanjidhada exocrine iyo hormoonada jidhka, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan xubnaha gudaha.

VNS hoos u xajiya, samrana ee deegaanka (homeostasis) ee jirka ku jira oo u qabata shaqada qabsiga-trophic. Sababo la habdhiska ku autonomic, xubnaha gudaha iyo hawlaha u shaqeeyo aadanaha si ay u qabsadaan si isbedel dibadda ee deegaanka iyo saamaynta ay ku hawl jidhka iyo maskaxda.

Dareemayaasha autonomic nidaamka (istaagaan-oo keliya) waxa loo kala qaybiyaa laba qaybood: durugsan iyo bartamaha. The durugsan soocay waa dareemayaasha, fiiloyin dareemayaasha, iyo laamo ah in la kordhiyo ka xarumaha nidaamka ee laf-dhabarta iyo maskaxda, plexus neerfaha iyo ganglia dareemeyaasha (qaybo ka mid daaqsinka), dogob u dabacsanaadaan, taas oo ka kooban ganglia la xira dareemayaasha iyo laamaha, iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid daaqsinka ah ee horyaalka parasympathetic ee berrito ah.

Central Division VNS qaybsan segmental (hoose) iyo suprasegmentar (sare) xarumaha daaqsinka. xarumaha Segmental ku yaalaan laf-dhabarta iyo maskaxda. xarumaha Suprasegmental berrito diirada kaliya ee kiliyaha cerebral, inta badan ee parietal iyo xuubkii kaliga, maskaxda olfactory, cerebellum, hypothalamus, dhismayaasha subcortical, iyo si bixi.

habdhiska The autonomic uu leeyahay laba nooc - ka oo garawsi iyo parasympathetic ah. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin heshiis ay effector iyo neurons dhexe iyo labada cirif reflex, iyo sidoo kale saamaynta ay shaqada ka mid ah dhismayaashii innervated.

waaxda habdhiska The neurons dhexe parasympathetic ee laf dhabarta ku yaalaan, in qaybaha sacral ay (2-4 qeybaha), laakiin inta badan neurons kuwan waxa uu ku yaalaa jiridda maskaxda iyo ka tago ka leh dareemayaasha cranial isku qasan. The habdhiska dabacsanaadaan neurons dhexe ee laf dhabarta ku yaalaan arrinta ah cirradiisa qeybta afka ilmo-galeenka ka siddeedaadna wuxuu u soo laba-saddex lumbar. dareemayaasha dabacsanaadaan kordhiyo ka laf-dhabarta oo kaliya on dhabarka ventral (hore) oo qayb ka ah dareemayaasha spinal. Sababo la xiriira dareemayaasha parasympathetic adeega shaqo ee bronkie, waxay cidhiidhi ah, dareemayaasha dabacsanaadaan, on lid ku ah, ballaariyo bronkie.

habdhiska The autonomic ayaa masuul ka ah dhammaan hawlaha muhiimka ah iyo geedi socodka ee jirka ku jira, iyo sidoo kale qeyb ka ah taranka, taas oo ah mid aad u muhiim ah in imannin. Sidoo kale waxa uu siiyaa xeerka berrito caadiga ah garaaca wadnaha, heerkulka jirka, cadaadiska dhiigga, kormeera hawlaha ee hababka kala duwan lagmamaarmaanna u ah ee jirka ku. At isbedelka yar ee xaaladaha gudaha ama dibadda, nidaamka autonomic bilaabataa ugu celino iyo xakamaynta habab, taas oo ah waqtiga saxda ah la beddelo lahjadda xididdada dhiigga, control of neefta, dhaqaajiso hawlaha maskaxda.