October Palace (Kiev): taariikhda iyo naqshadaha

Mid ka mid ah kaararka ganacsiga ee magaalada Yukreeniyaan waxaa loo arkaa Palace October ee. Kiev shuqullada naqshadda ku faani vibrantly iyo xajisto xataa bogagga muqdiga ay taariikhda.

Masterpiece Vincent iyo Alexander Beretti

In 1834 Dmitry Begichev General inay guriga saddex-story of the University of Kiev deeqay estate uu. Laakiin at codsi ka yimid dalka golaha magaalada waxaa lagu wareejiyey in dhismaha machadka Noble hablo. Dhismaha bilaabay in 1838 oo socday muddo shan sano ah.

Loo yaqaan dhise Kiev, Vikentiy Beretti, waxaan doorto qaabka classicism daahay. Laakiin si ay u raacaan iyada oo ma shaqeeyo - hor inta uusan dhameystirin shaqada iyo wiilkiisa, Alexander wuu dhintay. yimid dhismaha ugu weyn ee saddex dabaq. Waxay leedahay labada qol ee ku nool (ee macalimiinta, ardayda iyo addoommadaada), iyo si toos ah fasalada. risalit The semicircular yaaliin kiniisadaha Orthodox iyo Catholic. Qiyaastii dhismayaasha dhigan la socdo iyo taambuug, iyo degaanka ku wareegsan by bowd sare.

Waqtigaas cid lagu tuhunsan yahay in kaliya a boqol oo sano, dayidiisii, tilmaamayaa in abuurista aabbe iyo ina Beretta, la hadli doonaa waxa ku saabsan: "October Palace". Kiev Waxaan caleema dhismaha cusub ee machadka Noble hablo.

Xaggee baad ka baran iyo fahmaan in gabadhii sharaf leh?

Gabdhaha reer sharaf leh asalka ah ee da'doodu 8 iyo 13 sano ee u dhexeeya xaq u leeyihiin inay galaan dugsiga dhameystir ah oo lagu bixiyo kharashka dadweynaha. gabadhii baayacmushtarka ku socotay ah ee halkan timid ka dib markii aabbayaashood ama masuulka ka samaysteen lacag badan (350 rubles lacagta sanadkii). Waxay ahayd dugsiyada hoyga ah, taas oo loo diyaariyey waxbarasho bilicsanaanta iyo anshaxa. Waxaa la bartay:

• suugaanta Ruush iyo suugaanta;
• luqadaha ajnabiga (Polish, Jarmal iyo Faransiis);
• fiqiga (xagjir ah ama Catholic) iyo gabay, kiniisadda;
• juqraafiga iyo taariikhda;
• xisaab;
• waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee mineralogy iyo physics,
• sawir iyo naqshadeynta;
• cayaaraya;
• daabac iyo shaqo guri.

Dabcan Sciences socday lix sano. Barnaamijka ayaa waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex nooc, mid kasta oo ka mid ah laba sannadood. Dhamaadka xarumaha waxbarashada iyo hesho a qalin shahaadada ee loo ogol yahay in ay qabtaan xilalka governesses qoysaska kuwa gobta iyo baayacmushtariyadii. Sidaas dhexe ee qarnigii XIX ah, October Palace ee (Kyiv) ahaa umbaa ee macalimiinta gobolka. Inkasta oo dhab ahaantii ka mid qalin ah ka heli kartaa caanka ah qorayaasha, kuwii gabayaaga ahaa iyo pianists.

Aqoontooda maray Hablihii macalimiinta ugu fiican Kiev Gymnasium iyo Professor of Kiev Imperial University of St. Vladimir. iyaga dhex yiil, saynisyahano si fiican u yaqaan sida, sida Nicholas von Bunge, Vitaly Shulgin, Mykola Kostomarov Mykola Lysenko.

Waqti ka, ee Institute for Noble hablo uu noqday sidaas oo caan ah in kuwa doonaya in ay bartaan ahaa ka sii badan intii u ogolaan suurtagalnimada ee hay'adda. Institutskaya wadada, kaas oo jidhka oo waxaa magacooda loo baxshay (hore General Street Begichev) sabab la mid ah.

xilligii Soviet

Awoodda cusub ayaa keenay isbedel dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha. Sidaas daraaddeed, 1919, waxaa la xiray by machadka Noble hablo la'aan sida ee dalka. wadada A ayaa loo magacaabay in sharaf of kacaanka proletarian - 25 October. Halkan, si kooban u yaaliin xafiisyada dawladda, markaas ku istiwooday warshadaha maqaar College.

guul A cusub ee taariikhda dhismaha xiran yahay soo laabashada magaalada caasimada ah ee xaaladda Jamhuuriga ee 1934. October Palace (Kiev) noqday kursiga of NKVD ah. In guryihii ay la dhisay qolal loogu talagalay maxaabiista siyaasadeed, iyo sidoo kale dhismaha, waayo, jirdil iyo dil. Waxaa la jirdilay oo lagu dilay by wakiilada ugu fiican ee intelligentsia Ukraine - qorayaasha, fannaaniin, jilayaal, dhakhaatiir, qareenno, military. kuwa rumeeyey oo dhan dawladda cusub, oo ku gadanina dalkooda in ay ku noolaadaan in maxaabiis ahaan.

Halligaad iyo Recovery

Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka halaagnay dhismaha dhulka ku. Its nooleynta (ee 1952-1958 sano), koox injineero hogaaminayo Alekseya Zavarova noqday runtii caan hadda. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey on dhismaha nus ka mid ah dadka of Kiev - shaqaalaha, ardayda, ardayda dugsiga sare, iyo sidoo kale dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. Laga soo bilaabo in, magaca rasmiga ah ee dhismaha waxay ahayd in lagu dhawaaqaa sida October Palace. Kiev albaabbadii guriga boqorka u furay ka daawanayeen horeysay December 24, 1957.

By bartamihii 1970-, meeshan ahaa goobta ugu weyn ee dalka. auditorium waxaa kor loogu qaaday 2200 oo qof. Waxaa jiray qaab ugu muhiimsan, riwaayado, shirarka iyo miyi ah ee Ukraine. Sanad kasta waxaa jiray xisbiga Christmas. Intaa waxaa dheer, marka madaxtooyada furay qaybaha kala duwan - ballet classical, qoob dad, hees iyo heeso.

International Center of Dhaqanka iyo Farshaxanka

waqtiga New ayaa lagu duraa dhinaca siyaasadda iyo dhaqanka ciidamada cusub ee dalka. Dabaylaha firfircoon isbedelka 1991 siiyey malaayiin Ukraine rajo nolol cusub. Dhaheysid ee la soo dhaafay dhawaan, waxaan magaca magaalooyinka oo dhan iyo prospectuses, ururka iyo deegaanka. Under Hum guud ee tabo cusub juqraafiyeed iyo qaab dhismeedka Institutskaya Street dib magaceeda pre-Soviet.

Palace waagaas oo dhan ku hadhay xarunta run ruuxiga ah ee caasimada Ukraine. Sidaas daraaddeed, uu maktabadda faanaa ururinta gaar ah ka mid ah buugaagta in ka badan 70 000 Muga. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah hawlaha la qaybgalka si fiican u yaqaan qorayaasha, composers, diblomaasiyiin, siyaasiyiinta, xildhibaannada iyo tirooyin kale ee dadweynaha, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay soo nooleenta ruuxiga ah ee Ukraine. Well-shiday iyo qol oo kuwa raaxada, ololaysa si joogto ah waa goobta of noocyo kala duwan oo bandhigyo. Xarunta Fursadaha kala duwan oo ka soo ururiyo qoyska in badan oo caalami ah shirarka, symposia, siminaaro iyo miyi ah.

Horeba in qarnigii XXI ah, madaxtooyada noqday Xarunta Caalamiga ah ee Dhaqanka iyo Fanka. Tartamada iyo ciidaha halkan yihiin fasaxyada qaranka. shirkadaha masraxa Professional iyo hiwaayadda iyo ensembles riwaayad ka yimid dalalka kala duwan u sharaf ka fiirsan in ay u muuqdaan in ay stage.

Iyo dadweynaha oo ka mid caado, hadalka ku saabsan xarunta, Waxa uu ku dhawaaqeysaa "October Palace" (Kyiv). cinwaanka hay'adaha guud ee qaranka ayaa dhawaan bedelay mar kale. Dhismaha ayaa weli yaalla meel u dhow Square Independence ku buuraha leh ee tirada guriga 1, laakiin wadada boqolaal samaawi ah.