Mirror kii been abuurtay? History of muraayada. Waddankee abuurtay muraayada?

Muraayadaha guud ahaan ka galaas taas oo uu leeyahay daahan oo muraayad u dhigay. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa ma aha oo kaliya guriga, laakiin sidoo kale goobta shaqada, iyo waa qayb muhiim ah oo alaabta muusikada ah oo badan oo cilmi ah, sida telescopes, qalabka warshadaha, kamaradaha video iyo laser. Dadka ugu horeysay arkay milicsiga ee puddles biyaha, durdurradiisa, dusha sare ee webiga, taas oo noqday muraayadda hore - sidaas darteed bilaabay taariikhda dheer.

Mirror History of World da'da

The muraayadaha macmal horeyn waxaa lagu qoray dhagax madxafka madow Kobenhagen - obsidian - taas oo loo daaweeyaa sida goobada. baarka Qaar ka mid ah muraayadaha sida ayaa laga helay dalka Turkiga. Da'dooda waa in loo gudbiyaa sida 6000 BC.

Waddankee abuurtay muraayada? The horrayn if nin-dhigay qaab gogo 'oo obsidian safeeyey laga helay Anatolia - Turkey casriga ah. Masaaridii hore loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee muraayadaha copper safeeyey beddeli qurxiyey sharraxo. The deggan qadiimiga Mesobotamiya ah sidii ay muraayadaha biraha la safeeyey iyo meelaha milicsigii oo dhagax ah oo loo qoray muuqday Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta America ku dhawaad laba kun oo sano ka BC. e. In geeddi-socodka ah ee ku xiran caadiga ah maanta goob joog ka ahaa oo dhan ee ilbaxnimada.

Halkee abuurtay muraayada? Waddankee? Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in wax soo saarka ee galaas biraha KMG ah, waxay marka hore u muuqday in Siidoon Lubnaan ee AD qarnigii koowaad. The muraayadaha galaas ee ugu horeysay lagu sameeyey waxaan AD ah, Rooma - ka galaas Suurka la muhashada hogaanka. if Glass ayaa horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey ee AD qarnigii saddexaad.

alifay ee galaas is qarxiyaan habka qarnigii XIV ah, oo horseeday in helitaanka muraayadaha convex, taas oo sii kordhisay dadka.

Stone Mirror Central America

siyaada Tani waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah artifacts diinta ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqanka loo yaqaan of Central America. Waddankee abuurtay muraayada? In ka badan qarniyo iyo tobankii dhaqanka of Central America iyo Mesoamerica helay dhaqan gaar ah iyo banneeyey Nicmoolayda waxa diinta la eego meelaha ka tarjumaysa. Mid ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin ugu badan, sida ku dhaqma ee Maya, Aztec iyo Tarascan - waa xaqiiq ah in muraayadaha waa portals in la ilaahyada iyo ciidamada otherworldly xiriiraan.

Waa dhaqan qadiimi ah oo ka mid ah aaminsan hore weli u aragto wax dusha siman oo biyo ah aalad awood for faal. Muraayadaha, bilaabay wakhtigaas in Mesoamerica, marka hore ka piece hal sameeyey iron ore, kaas oo lagu qoray in Heer sare ah ee reflectivity. Later, waxaa jiray waxyaabo kale, iyo wax soo saarka ka weyn oo ka sii adag. Mid ka mid ah baarka dhaqanka Mesoamerican classic ugu caansan - muraayadaha mahrajaan pyrite ku yiil isticmaalkiisa ballaaran ee magaalada caanka ah ee Teotihuacan.

Shiinaha: muraayadaha naxaas

Halkee abuurtay muraayada? Waddankee? Si aad si cad u jawaabto su'aashan kuwo ku adag. Taariikhda muraayadaha daboolaya 8000 sano ee la soo dhaafay ee horumarka casriga ah, laakiin mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu muhiimsan ee siyaada ah si la yaqaan maanta waxay ahaayeen naxaas if Chinese, muuqaalka ugu horeysay ee kaas oo ka tirsan 2900 BC. e.

Waddankee abuurtay muraayada? In if Shiinaha ee Alloys macdan ah, isku mid ah iyo qasacad iyo copper sameeyey, loo yaqaan muraayad la shubay oo si fiican u safeeyey oo lahaa dusha u milicsato fiican oo naxaas ah la safeeyey. Celiyayaasha ee Alloys bir ama biraha qaali ah laga sameeyey ayaa la tixgeliyo waxyaabaha aad u qiimo badan wakhtiyadii hore oo ku jiray kaliya ay heli karaan ay aad u qani ah.

Laakiin Masriyiintii oo si deg deg ah ayaa ka soo dhaqaaqay naxaas ah inuu waxyaabo kale - a obsidian safeeyey, in loo isticmaalo 4000 BC. e., selenite safeeyey, copper iyo Alloys kala duwan. Shiinaha bilowday wax soo saarka ee muraayadaha, iyadoo la isticmaalayo ahaan nuguli uu mercury xitaa 500 AD, laakiin waqti isku mid ah sii si loo hagaajiyo farshaxanka kaga baayacmushtari jireen naxaas ah. Waxay ku hadhay isticmaalka ilaa qarnigii XIX XVII-ka, marka sahamiyayaal Western keenay muraayad casriga ah ee dalka.

Mirror raaxo Venice

In muddo ah Dr Makumbe, galaas muraayad la gabi ahaanba ka baxeen. Oo waagaas, diimaha shaaca ka qaaday in Ibliisku eegaa dunida ka dhinaca ka soo horjeeda ee dusha ka tarjumaysa. The Xaakimkii masaakiinta lahaa in la isticmaalo biraha dusha loo qoray ama ku baddallo kuwa fijaan gaarka ah ee biyaha. muraayad Glass dib keliya qarnigii XIII ah. Just ka dibna waxaa jiray technology saarka farsamada gacanta oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha Nederland ah. Markaas - in Flanders iyo Jarmal Nuremberg, halkaas oo geedka ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka ee muraayadaha sida abaabulay ee 1373.

Halkee abuurtay muraayada? Waddankee? Sidaas isla markiiba oo aan u sheegin. Isticmaalka glaziers sayidkiisa technology heli shubay waxa daasadda kulul qubeyska galaaska, ka dibna, marka waxa daasadda ah si uu ku qaboojiyo, waxay u qaybsan gogo 'oo kala duwan. John Peckham, xubin ka mid ah si Franciscan ah, ku tilmaamay in 1279, habkan, laakiin muraayad sida la Been abuurtay hal - story Dhawa xusuusan. sayid uguurtay abuurtay ah "farsamada ee muraayad guriga" saddex qarniyo ka dib. Waxay helay hab lagu soo lifaaq iyo waxa daasadda ah in ay dusha guriga ee muraayadda. In 1407 Venetians ah, Danzan del Gallo walaalo ah, iibsaday patent ka sayid Vlaamse, iyo Venice qabtay monoboli on saarka ee muraayadaha uguurtay fiican iyo qarniyo badh. Intaa waxaa dheer, in ninkii horeba ku abuuray gaar ah oo muujineysa isku dar ah, taas oo ah dahab iyo naxaas ah lagu daray. Sababta oo ah waxa ka mid ah, dhammaan waxyaabaha ka muuqataa muraayad wax fiiriyey ka qurux badan in xaqiiqada. Qiimaha muraayad uguurtay waxaa markaas la barbar dhigo kharashka markab weyn. Inta lagu jiro Renaissance ee Europe if abuurtay by daahan galaas la qasacad iyo Meerkuridu nuguli. Qarnigii lix iyo Venice noqday xarunta soo saarka ee muraayadaha sida. Warshadda ayaa si ay u soo saaraan magaca Saint-Gobain waxaa la aasaasay bishii France.

About muraayadaha iyo mysticism ee Russia

In Russia muraayadaha ayaa loo arkaa been abuurtay falato. In 1666, Church Orthodox ayaa mamnuucay isticmaalka by wadaaddada. Tan iyo waqti in, iyo waxaa jiray wax badan oo Baxiira ka dhanka ah muraayadaha. Maanta, dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah u muuqdaan kuwo noo doqonimo iyo arinku, laakiin dadkan aad u culus soo qaaday. muraayad Broken, tusaale ahaan, ay calaamad u ahayd nasiib xumo muddo toddobo sano ah. Taasi waa sababta ay jabtay ama mid burburay horeysay raaligelin awkwardness ah, ka dibna lahaa inuu soo aaso xubnihii sida ay cibaadaysi oo dhan. Muraayadaha mascots loo isticmaalo si ay u muujiyaan dhimashada. Waa in ay noqdaan wax caadi ah loo isticmaalo si ay u daboosho dhammaan meelaha milicsigii marka qof ee guriga ku dhinteen. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay nafta ku wajahan dhintay xanniban mid ka mid ah muraayadaha, Ibliisku uma oggolaan doono.

Qalabka wuxuu ugu horeysay oo muujineysa in Germany

In magaalada Nuremberg (Germany) ee 1373 Seme warshad ugu horeeyay ee la furay. accessories ayaa la sheegay inay si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha. muraayad A ee qarnigii XVI in ay qayb ka mid ah cibaadaysi asalka ah dahsoon iyo sixirnimadeediiba ay noqdaan.

Yaa abuurtay muraayada? Country Germany? ee 1835 godu Justus von Liebig, farmashiyaha a Jarmal kaas oo horumariyey if galaas silvered, kuna waari dhexdeeda daaha bir ah oo dhuuban shubo on galaas oo isticmaalaya hoos kiimiko ah oo amooniyam oo lacag ah. war abuurashadoodii Tani waxay ogol yahay in la sameeyo waxyaabaha sida miisaan aad u balaaran, oo markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda dadka caadiga ah ka iibsan kari lahaa muraayad. Waddankee abuurtay muraayada? Wikipedia sheegayaa oo kaliya oo ku saabsan xaqiiqooyinka taariikhda. Waxaan is barbardhigi kartaa oo kaliya.

codsi iyo Beeralay

Waayo, laba qarniyo, guryaha reflex codsan basaasyo ka Spain iyo France ee habaynteeda iyo kelmadaha ee isgaarsiinta qarsoodiga ah. Tani nidaamka sireed qarsoodi ah ayaa la Been abuurtay qarnigii 15aad, Leonardo da Vinci. Qorniinka ayaa la encoded ee "image muraayad", sidaas oo aan dusha noocan oo kale ah akhriyi kari waayeen fariinta. Muraayadaha waa qayb kale oo weyn oo la alifay waqtiga - periscope ah. Macquul inconspicuously isha ku hay cadowga iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka isdhexgalka oo muujineysa gashto nafo SOFHURA. In ka Soddon War Years ' muraayadaha waxaa loo isticmaalay in cadowga indha inta lagu jiro u-eegida la diriraya u daran ee iftiinka qoraxda. Waxa ay ahayd mid aad u adag in la qaato ujeedadoodu tahay marka indhaha waxaa indhatiray by kun oo if-yar.

Muraayadaha ka dhigay safar dheer iyada oo sheekada. Maanta ma suurtowdo in guri ka helo meel dibadda wax fudud. Waxay muddo dheer tan oo qayb ka ah ee caadiga ah ee maalin kasta, inta badan dhayalsan noqday. Waa in aan had iyo jeer ay ixtiraamaan dhinacyada kala duwan ee horumarka taariikhiga ah ee muraayadda iyo mahad qiimaha cajiib ah bilicsanaanta of ay milicsiga u gaar ah.