Mikhail Bulgakov: shaqeeya. List of shuqullada la taariikhaha

Maanta waxaan kuu sheegi ah oo ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada Abwaan caan ah oo la xidhey Mikhail Bulgakov, liiska alaabta oo aad ka heli doontaa dhamaadka maqaalka.

Ninkan waxa uu ku dhashay May 3, 1891 ee Kiev. waalidiinta waxaa si fiican u bartay iyo dad caqli badan. Oo hooyadiis shaqeeyay macalin ee barbaarinta carruurta, iyo ka aabbihiis fiqi Academy baray ee hay'adaha waxbarasho oo kala duwan ka qalin. Dhamaadkii 1893 ayuu bilaabay in uu fuliyo waajibaadka faaf Kyiv ee gobolka, ka mid ah taas oo ahayd faafreebka ee suugaanta, ma aha oo kaliya Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale ku qoran luqado kale. Laakiin qoyska Michael lahaa shan carruur ah.

waxbarashada

Bulgakov bartay in Alexander koowaad ee Gymnasium, kaas oo lahaa heer sare ah waxbarashada, iyo in 1909 soo galay dugsiga caafimaadka University Kiev ee. Markaas, in 1914, dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. In 1916, ka dib markii qalin jebinta, qoraa mustaqbalka shaqeeyay isbitaalka beer ku Cherepovets iyo Kamenetz-Podolsk. Bishii September ee isla sannadkaas uu dib u soo celin xagga hore oo u soo diray madaxa isbitaalka miyiga ku yaalla gobolka Smolensk.

muddo Vyazemskij

In 1917, Bulgakov lagu wareejiyay Vyazma. taako nolosha Tani waxay ka muuqataa abuurka ahbaa, "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah" ee 1926. Shuqullada Bulgakov, liiska oo la hoos ku siiyey, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso oo aan Xusuuso shaqo this. ninkii uu - dhakhtar talented, shaqaale daacad ah, oo inta badan lagu badbaadinayo dadka ku jira xaaladahaas darradaas rajo la'aan, Diplomasiyiinta warqabaan dhibaatada haysata yaroow baran ka Smolensk tuulooyinka DhagaLa'yihiin oo uu dareensan yahay mana karayaan inay wax ka beddesho waxa wanaagsan.

kacaanka

Revolution ayaa qarxay jidka caadaysi nolosha. In ka essay "Kyiv-City" (1923), qoraaga ku muujinayaa fekerkiisa ku saabsan. Waxa uu sheegay in la isbedel kacaan kartana si lama filaan ah "yimid sheekada." Bulgakov ka reeban adeeg ciidan ka dib markii Kacaanka Oktoobar, uu si Kiev, kaas oo uu ugu dhakhsaha badan degan ciidamada Jarmal soo laabtay. Halkan qoraaga Hawiyaha maelstrom ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye bilaabay. Shuqullada Bulgakov, liiska oo la hoos ku siiyey, waxaa ka mid ah Abuuridda sannadahan.

Bulgakov - dhakhtarkaaga

Tan iyo Mr Mikhail ahaa dhakhtar wanaagsan, adeegyada uu u baahan yahay, iyo in iyada iyo dhinacyada kale ee dagaallamaya. Inkasta oo uu yahay xaalad kasta oo sii aamin u ah hadafyada bani in qalbigiisa si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa bilaabay in ay kordhiyaan xanaaq ka dhanka ah cadaawadda ee caddaanka iyo Petlurites danbe ka muuqataa in sheekooyinka ee "Night at tiro saddexaad" iyo "duuli" ka sheekaysay "The Guard White" iyo Riwaayado "Running" iyo "Maalmaha tamarta." Daacadii fulinta waajibaadka caafimaadka, Bulgakov dabayaaqadii 1919, wuxuu noqday markhaati unwitting dambiyada arxan in Vladikavkaz. Diiday in ay ka qayb qaataan dagaalka this, horraantii 1920, wuxuu ka ciidankii reer Denikin Bulgakov iska casilay. Works, liiska oo aad ka heli doonaa in this article, hal hab ama kuwan iyo faahfaahinta kale ee taariikh nololeedkooda kale ka tarjumayaan.

xirfadiisa suugaanta

Mr Mikhail abid go'aansado inuu ka tago waxbarashada uu daawada iyo inuu ku soo bilowdo mustaqbalkiisa qoraal qoraal articles for wargeysyada maxaliga ah. Sheekadiisa ugu horeysay, wuu dhammeeyey dayrta ee 1919. Xilliga jiilaalka ah ee 1919-1920 waxaa la qoray dhawr anecdotes kaftan ah iyo sheekooyinka. In mid ka mid ah, "cashuur jaceylka," ayaa sheegay sheekada ka dhacay wadada in ay dhaceen intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye iyo Revolution ee Kiev.

Riwaayado masrixiyada

Bulgakov wax yar ka hor White ka Vladikavkaz fariistay, si xun u xanuunsan la noqoshada qandho. Waxa uu ka soo kabsaday guga ee 1920, markii ciidamada Red waxay mar hore ku qabsadeen magaalada. Tan iyo markaas, qoraa waxay bilaabeen in ay iskaashi la guddiga kacaan, hoosaadka ah ee farshaxanka, qorista ee gobolka Ingushetia iyo troupes Ossetian ku cayaaraa, oo muujineysa views uu on kacaanka. Waxay ahaayeen oo kaliya cadhoodaan hal maalin ah oo la abuuray inta badan si ay u badbaadaan in waqtiyada adag. dareenkaa Vladikavkaz Bulgakov ayaa ka muuqataa in uu sheeko caan ah "Fiiro gaar ah oo ku saabsan cuffs ah."

U soo guurista Moscow

First ee Tbilisi ka dibna Batumi Bulgakov fursad ay ku Hijrootaan. Isaguse wuxuu gartay uu lahaa inuu ku dhow yahay in dadka waqti adag this dalka. Sidaa darteed, in 1921, Bulgakov dhaqaaqay Moscow. Tan iyo guga ee 1922, qodobka hoostiisa uu qoray muuqataa si joogto ah ee joornaalada Moscow iyo wargeysyada. The maqaalo garneel iyo qoraalo ka muuqataa qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee bulshada post-kacaan. shayga ugu weyn ee korhin suugaanta waa nouveaux maal-nepmen, oo wuxuu u bixiyey "miridhkeeda ee Nép ah" (sheeko gaaban "Cup of Life" iyo "Trillioner"), iyo sidoo kale isagoo heerka hoose ee dhaqanka ee xubnaha dadweynaha: Ganacsatada bacadle, dadka deegaanka ee Moscow la wadaago, shaqaalaha qabqablayaasha iyo kuwa kale. Mr Mikhail Hagidda iyo muuqaalada markii cusub. In mid ka mid ah maqaalo uu halkaas wiil yahay arday (sida calaamad u ah isbedelka cusub), oo ay la socdaan jidka marayay la surto cusub.

"The Ukun Fatal"

"The Ukun Fatal" oo lagu daabacay 1924, Bulgakov. Works, liiska mid ah taas oo hoos lagu siiyey, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso oo aan xusuusannaa ah sheekadan. Its tallaabo dib ayaa loo dhigay mustaqbalka fog khayaali ah, dheeraad ah si hufan, 1928. Markaas natiijada Nép caddaatay, oo ay ku jiraan kor u xoog badan in heerka nolosha dadweynaha. Fersken, geesiga ugu weyn ee sheekada, ayaa daahfurka weyn oo keeni kara lacagta weyn aadanaha. Laakiin in gacmihii is kibriya, dadka semi-akhrin, la-xafiiseedyada ku curdinka, Kaltum Sh inta lagu guda jiro shuuciyad dagaal oo dheeraad ah ku xoogaystay sannadihii Nép ee ay booska, been abuurtay waa musiibo. Ma fersken oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale ku dhowaad dhammaan geesiyaal ah tixaha Bulgakov 20 guul darreysato. In shuqullada Bulgakov ayuu wuxuu doondoonay inuu u gudbiyo si akhristaha fikradda ah unavailability ee bulshada casriga ah si ay u aqbalaan mabaadi'da cusub ee xiriirka ku salaysan ixtiraam shaqada, aqoonta iyo dhaqanka.

"Running" iyo "Days ee marawaxadaha"

In riwaayadaha "Flight" iyo "Days ee marawaxadaha" (1925-1928 sano), qoraaga taswiiran xaqiiqada ah in dhammaan masuuliyiinta isku xigta ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye yihiin cadowga ku ah waxgaradka. The characters shuqullo kuwan yihiin wakiillo ka caadiga ah ee loogu yeero "waxgaradka cusub" isku duubay kacaanka ugu horeysay, ama si taxadir ama Caddaan dagaal bay ku qaadeen. Mr Mikhail qudhiisu arkaa daaha cusub, sida la kaftan, ku qoray article muujinta "Capital in buug."

dhibaatada haysata ka mid ah qoraaga

Tixgelinta isbedelka bulshada, waxaan dareemay cadaalad darada, shakiyey sida loogu baahan yahay tallaabooyin ka, laakiin ma uusan joojin in ay aaminsan yihiin in dadka, ee aadanaha Bulgakov. Works, liiska oo aan ku siin, waxaa ka muuqatay. Waxay su'aal ka keenay, oo wuxuu u soo maray characters shuqullada, uu la kulmay dhaleeceyn kala reeyo ee. The weeraro qoraaga 1929 xoojiyey. Waxay ahaayeen laga saaray goobta oo dhan of riwaayadaha uu: "casaanka Island," "Days ee marawaxadaha" iyo "guri Zoyka". Ahaanshaha ku jira xaalad adag, qoraaga go'aansado inuu qoro warqad uu u diray dowladda, kaas oo ka codsaday ogolaansho inaad dalka ka baxdo. Muddo yar ka dib wada hadal la Stalin, ka dib markii taas Bulgakov ayaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha Art Moscow Tiyaatarka ku xigeen. Dib-u-u muuqday oo ku saabsan heerarka kala duwan ee dejinta ee riwaayadaha Bulgakov ee, oo muddo ka dib - iyo dib-u-geliso "Naftooda dhintay" (Bulgakov).

All shuqullada, liiska kaas oo hoos lagu soo bandhigay, waxay ku qoran yihiin in this article, si ay taariikh, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa in ka dib 1927 far ma muuqan wax sadaro dheeraad ah qoraaga, sidii uu ahaa xubin ka mid ah liiska mamnuucay. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, Mr Mikhail lahaa guriga aan ka tagay. Waa in dalka oo dhan u abuurtay shuqullada Bulgakov. List of sano oo qoraal ah iyo magacyada ay tixraac dhamaadka maqaalka.

"Master iyo Margarita"

In 1933, isku day qoraa si ay u daabacaan novel ah waxaa laga sameeyey "Life of Monsieur de Moliere" ee taxanaha "Lives of Heer Dadka", laakiin mar dambe filan failure. Ilaa uu dhintay, Mr Mikhail waxaa mar dambe ma ay isku dayayaan si ay u daabacaan, shuqulladoodu. Markan uu Nagi shaqo on saarka ee "The Master iyo Margarita" sheeko, taas oo mid ka mid ah guulaha ugu weyn dunida ee tiraab ee qarnigii 20-noqday. Si aad shaqada qaatay 12 sano nolosha Bulgakov.

versions Hore ee alaabta u muuqday isaga waafi guulaystay in, sidaas darteed in dhowr sano, wuxuu mar kale iyo mar kale ku soo laabtay characters inuu, isku dhacyada iyo la yimaadaan goobaha cusub. Kaliya ee 1932, sheeko ka helay dhamaystirmo sheekada.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, Bulgakov, in kastoo, iyo sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan, weli ma daabacay. Waxay dumiyeen, oo waxa uu keeney in sii daridda ah ee cudurka iyo dhimashada xiga hore. Bulgakov on March 10, 1940 ku dhintay, oo waxaa lagu aasay Moscow, qabuuraha Novodevichy ah.

List of shuqullada Bulgakov la taariikhaha

sheekooyin:

- "qoraalada on cuffs ah":

• 1922 - "The Adventures AAN CAADI AHAYN Dr.", "Red Crown", "Night at tiro saddexaad";
• 1923 - taariikhda Chinese "," weerar "," qoraalada on cuffs ah ";
• 1924 - "La Boheme."

- "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah":

• 1925 - "Baabtiisku jeedin", "gudcur dalka Masar";
• 1926 - "tuwaalka la ciyey", "caalin", "la'yahay Eye", "finan Starry", iyo sidoo kale ku xiga si ay wareegga ah ee sheekada, "Waxaan ku dhintay";
• 1927 - ku xiga si ay wareegga of sheekooyinka "Morphine".

Mikhail Bulgakov qoray shuqullo kala duwan. Liiska sheekooyinka ka kaas oo aanu horay u qoran, tixaha dheeri iyo riwaayadaha.

tixaha:

• 1924 - "The White Guard";
• 1962 - "The Life of Monsieur de Moliere";
• 1965 - "Notes marxuumka";
• 1967 - "The Master iyo Margarita".

ciyaaraa:

• 1925 - "Zoyka guri";
• 1925 - "XISAABIN feedh";
• 1926 - "Days ee marawaxadaha";
• 1930 - "The Cabal of Munaafiqiinta";
• 1955 - "Alexander Pushkin";
• 1962 - "Orod";
• 1965 - "Ivan";
• 1965 - "Crazy Jourdain";
• 1966 - "Naciima";
• 1977 - "Batum";
• 1986 - "Nabadda iyo Colaadda";
• 1986 - "Dhimatay Naftooda".

Kuwanu waa curiyay weyn ee abuuray Bulgakov. Works, liiska oo la soo bandhigay in aad aan ku xaddidnayn kor ku xusan. satires Halkan waxaan aan ka mid ahaa, articles, maqaalo, iyo qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii kale, si aad u hesho qof aqoon u leh in sidoo kale noqon lahayd waxtar leh.

Films ku salaysan shuqullada Bulgakov, liiska kaas oo lagu kor ku qeexan, abuuray badan oo soo saarayaasha gudaha iyo dibadda. The qabsashada film ugu caansan ee "The Master iyo Margarita" - Alexander Petrovich, George Curry iyo Vladimir Bortko, abuuray ee Russia.