Meesha of trapezoid a

erayga Trapezoid isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo geometry ah afargeesle, lagu gartaa guryaha qaarkood. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay leedahay dhowr macne. Architecture loo adeegsaday tilmaamista albaabada symmetrical, daaqadaha iyo dhismayaasha ballaaran dhisay salka iyo tapering ugu sareysa (in style Masar). In sports - waa qalabka jimicsiga, in fashion - dharka, jaakad ama nooc kale oo dhar ah waa cut gaar ah iyo style.

Erayga "trapezoid" waxaa laga Giriigga, lagu turjumay luqad Ruush macnaheedu yahay "miiska" ama "cuntada miiska". joomatariga The Euclidean loogu yeero afargeesle convex isagoo mid ka mid ah labada nin ee dhinacyada ka soo horjeeda, kuwaas oo isku midka ah midba midka kale ay daruuri tahay. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay dib ugu yeeran qeexitaan qaar ka mid ah si loo helo degaanka ee trapezoid ah. dhinacyada isku midka ah ee geesoolayaasha waxaa loo yaqaan saldhigyada, iyo labada kale - side. Dhererka of trapezoid yahay masaafada u saldhig u dhexeeya. line Dhexe waxaa loo arkaa inay line a isku Xidhka midpoints dhinac. Dhammaan oo ka mid ah fikradaha (saldhig, height, khadka dhexe iyo dhinacyadeeda ku) waa xubno ka geesoolayaasha ah, taas oo ah dhacdo gaar ah afargeesle ah.

Sidaa darteed xaq ku andacoodaan in aagga of trapezoid ah waxaa laga heli karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo caanaha loogu tala galay afargeesle ah: S = ½ • (a + ƀ) • h. Halkee S - waa meesha, a iyo ƀ - waa warping hoose iyo tan sareba, H - waa height ka geeska ku xiga si ay salka sare, dadab iyo in ay salka hoose hoos u. In uu yahay, S waa loo siman yahay si wax soo saarka ee wadarta dhaadheer ee saldhigyada ka badhkiis. Tusaale ahaan, haddii trapezium saldhigga - 6 iyo 2 mm, oo sarajooggeeduna - 15 mm, meelaha ay noqon doontaa si siman u: S = ½ • (6 + 2) • 15 = 60 mm².

Isticmaalka guryaha loo yaqaan ee tetragon ah, waxaa suurtagal ah in loo xisaabiyo degaanka ee trapezoid ah. In mid ka mid ah weedhaha ugu muhiimsan waxa ay sheegay in khadka dhexe (muujinaysaa by warqadda M, oo salka xarfaha a iyo ƀ) si siman u soo tiriya qolo ka mid ah saldhigyada, taas oo ay mar walba barbar badh. I.e. μ = ½ (a + ƀ). Sidaas darteed, in lagu badalaa yaqaan formula xisaabinta S line dhexe afargeesle, waxaynu u qori karnaa formula ah xisaabinta foom oo kala duwan: S = μ • h. Waayo, kiiska halkaas oo khadka dhexe - 25 cm, height - 15 cm, degaanka ee trapezoid ah waa loo siman yahay si: S = 25 • 15 = 375 cm².

Sida laga soo xigtay guri loo yaqaan geesoole adigoo laba dhinac isku midka ah in ay saldhig, si matihid goobo la r gacan waxa ku jira laga bixin karaa in xaddiga saldhig looga baahan yahay barbareyn doonaa wadarta dhinac lateral. Haddii, weliba, trapezoid waa labaale ah (dhinac i.e., loo siman yahay ay: c = d), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan xagal ee α salka, waxaa laga heli karaa, taas oo ah aagga of formula trapezoid ah: S = 4r² / sinα, iyo kiis gaar ah marka α = 30 °, S = 8r². Tusaale ahaan, haddii xagal ee mid ka mid ah saldhigyadii waa 30 °, iyo goobada Isasaaray la gacan ka mid ah 5 dm, markaas aagga this ee geesoolayaasha uu noqon doono si siman u: S = 8 • 5² = 200 desiimitir.

Waxa kale oo aad ka heli kartaa aagga of trapezoid ah, waxa jebiyey burburi, xisaabi aagga of kasta oo ku daray qiimayaashan. Waxaa fiican inaad ka fiirsan furan seddex wado:

1. The dhinacyada iyo xaglaha salka waa u siman yihiin. Xaaladdan oo kale, trapezoid waxaa lagu magacaabaa labaale ah.
2. Haddii mid ka mid ah foomamka kooxda lateral xaglo xaq u leh saldhigga, kuwaas waxaa weeye, dadab iyo in ay, ka dibna waxaa loo yeedhi doonaa trapezoid ah qaab.
3. Afargeesle, taas oo labada dhinac ay yihiin isku midka ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, baaralalogaraam la oran karo waa sida kiis gaar ah.

Waayo, labaale aagga trapezoid waa wadarta labada meelaha siman ee saddexagal qaab S1 = S2 (dhererkiisa waa height of H trapezoid, iyo xagalo salka bar trapezoid farqiga u ½ saldhigyada [a - ƀ]) iyo aagga S3 leydiga (hal dhinac waa ƀ saldhigga sare, oo kale ah - height of h). From oo waxaa soo socota in aagga of trapezoid ah S = S1 + S2 + S3 = ¼ (a - ƀ) • h + ¼ (a - ƀ) • h + (ƀ • h) = ½ (a - ƀ) • h + (ƀ • h). Waayo, meel trapezoid qaab waa wadarta god oo ka mid ah saddexagalka iyo afar geesle ah: S = S1 + S3 = ½ (a - ƀ) • h + (ƀ • h).

trapezoid Curvilinear in baaxadda this article, meesha trapezoid kiiskan loo xisaabiyo isticmaalaya integrals.