Sida loo helo baaxada gaws

chemistry The wax ku ool ah oo af iyo qoraal waxaa jira laba qiime wax ku ool ah fikradaha sida kelli ah (waxaa inta badan bedelay fikradda ah miisaanka kelli, taas oo aan sax) iyo mass gaws. Labada of qiimayaashan ku xiran kooban walax fudud ama adag.

Sida loo ogaado mass gaws ama kelli? Labaduba waxay tiro jirka waa wax aan macquul aheyn (ama ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn) si aad u hesho cabiraada si toos ah, tusaale ahaan, oo miisaankeedu yahay arrinta ku saabsan baaxadda. Waxaa loo xisaabiyaa formula kiimikada ee xarunta iyo tacsida qaaradda qaybaha oo dhan. qiimaha Kuwanu waa tiro ahaan siman laakiin ku kala duwan yihiin aragti. Miisaanka uu leeyahay kelli waxaa lagu qeexay in unugyada mass qaaradda, kuwaas oo tirada caadiga ah, oo waxaad dhali doontaa magacaabista ah. e m, iyo magac kale - ". Da" .. Cutubyada ka muujiyay in mass gaws ee g / mol.

miisaanka kelli walxaha fudud, ee u taagoo of taas oo ka kooban eb hal, si siman u tacsida ay qaaradda, kuwaas oo ku cad miiska wareegsan. Tusaale ahaan, waayo:

• sodium (Na) - 22,99 a. m e.,.
• iron (Fe) - 55,85 a. m e.,.
• baaruud (S) - 32.064 ah. m e.,.
• argon (Ar) - 39.948 ah. m e.,.
• Potassium (K) - 39.102 ah. e. m.

Sidoo kale miisaanka kelli walxaha fudud, taagoo of taas oo ka kooban dhowr atamka ee element kiimikada waxaa loo xisaabiyaa sida soo saarka ah oo miisaankiisu qaaradda ee element in ay tirada atamka ee Britain ayaa ku. Tusaale ahaan, waayo:

• Oksijiin (O2) - 2 • 16 = 32 a. m e.,.
• nitrogen (N2) - 2 • 14 = 28 a. m e.,.
• chlorine (Cl2) - 2 • 35 = 70 a. m e.,.
• Allena (O3) - • 16 3 = 48 a. e. m.

walxaha kelli xisaabiyaa mass adag isku badeecada tirada mass qaaradda ee atamka socda ee Britain ee xubin kasta. Tusaale ahaan, waayo:

• aashito (HCL) - 35 + 2 = 37 a. m e.,.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 12 + 16 = 28 a. m e.,.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) - 12 + 2 = 16 • 44 a. e. m.

Laakiin sida loo helo baaxada gaws maalkii?

Tani waa fududahay in la sameeyo, tan iyo waa unug mass of tirada walax gaar ah, ayaa muujiyay in mol. Taasi waa, haddii miisaanka ku xisaabiyaa kelli walax kasta by qiimaha joogto ah loo siman yahay si 1 g / mol bateen, waxaa soo baxday in ay mass gaws. Tusaale ahaan, sida in la helo tiro ka gaws ee carbon dioxide (CO2)? Waa in aysan noqon (12 + 16 • 2) • 1 g / bar = 44 g / mol, i.e. MSO2 = 44 g / mol. Waayo, walxaha fudud, taagoo, taas oo ka kooban hal kaliya la eb element index this, ka muujiyay in g / bar tiro ku beegan tahay element mass qaaradda. Tusaale ahaan, MS baaruudda = 32.064 g / mol. Sida loo helo baaxada gaws walax fudud, kuwaas oo Britain ayaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr atamka, mid ka fiirsan kartaa tusaale ahaan oxygen ah: MO2 = 2 • 16 = 32 g / mol.

Halkan, tusaale oo la siiyey for walxaha fudud ama adag oo gaar ah. Laakiin haddii iyo sida loo helo baaxada gaws ee alaabta ka kooban dhowr qaybood? Sida kelli miisaanka gaws dar multicomponent waa tiro daro ah. Waa wadarta waxyaabaha of qayb mass gaws ay share ee isku dhafka ah: M = ΣMi • Xi, ie, loo xisaabin karaa sida celcelis kelli iyo celceliska mass ka gaws.

In tusaale ahaan hawada, oo ay ku jiraan ku dhowaad 75,5% nitrogen, 23.15% oxygen, 1.29% argon, 0,046% carbon dioxide (nijaasta haray ku jira xaddi yar, in la iska indho tiri karin): Mvozduha = 28 • 0.755 + 32 • 0,2315 + 40 • 0,129 + 44 • 0,00046 = 29,08424 g / mol ≈ 29 g / mol.

Sida loo helo baaxada gaws oo ah walaxda, haddii saxnaanta go'aaminta mass ee qaaradda ku cad miiska wareegsan, oo kala duwan? Waayo, waxyaabaha qaar ka mid ah waxa ku jira ilaa toban meelood oo meel, waayo, kan kale laba meelaha jajab tobanle, waayo saddexaadna wuxuu u soo kun ah, iyo sida radon - in ay sida ugu badan, ilaa toban kumeed ah manganese.

Marka la xisaabinayo miisaankiisu kelli aysan macno samaynayaan si ay u qabtaan xisaabaha saxsanaan ka badan intii hore tobnaad, tan iyo markii ay leeyihiin codsi la taaban karo, marka nadiifiyo oo ah kiimikada ay naftooda ama reagents bari doonaa baadi weyn. Dhamaan xisaabaha kuwanu waa qiyaas. Laakiin halka ay farmashiye u baahan saxnimo weyn, iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka qaarkood waa laga beddelay waa: Calan titre ee xal, shaybaarka caadiga ah dhaqmaan iyo alaabtii.