Mashruuca baabbi'iyuhu 956 "Sarich": farsamada khaaska iyo sawiro

Doonniyaha mashruuca tani waxay noqon kartaa ugu weyn ee ay fasalka. Waxa ay qorsheysteen inay sabeyn in tiro badan for our Navy. Konton baabbi'inaya darajo marka hore - Armada ah halkii ay u dhamaystiraan raxan oo dhan. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka-Ujeedada multi ku lug leedahay isticmaalka iyaga ka mid ah si ay u xaliyaan shaqooyin kala duwan. Head baabbi'iyuhu "Modern" (mashruuca 956) jiifsaday 1975, markab ugu dambeeyey ee taxanaha ah la bilaabay dabayaaqadii 1993. Konton oo ka mid ah unugyada qorsheeyay geli jiray oo ka mid ah ciidamada badda ee USSR iyo Russia helay 17. Afar dhoofnay oo hoos calanka Shiinaha. Laba markab oo waxaa conserved, laba waa in marxaladda of casriyeynta, laba kale - oo dagaalka ku jira oo ka mid ah Northern Fleet, inta kale ee qoraal ah off. Waa maxay sababta mass ka mid ah biraha sida jarida youngish, on fikradaha ciidamada badda ee unugyada?

Muxuu Midowga Soofiyeeti loo baahan yahay kuwa ku baabbi'inaya oo cusub

Sababaha diidmada ah tiro badan oo ah maraakiibta mashruuca 956 in la doondoonay in wakhtiyada dheer tegey. Waxa ay ahayd in bartamihii konton konton-, waxaa jiray arrin nasiib, u yeedhay badmaaxyo ah "guuldaradii Khrushchev ee." guulaha sarkhaan raketostroiteley gudaha keentay in a qalad weyn oo istiraatiiji ah. jaaniska uu iskahorimaadku caalami ah hoos u hubsashada sabab halligaadda labada dhinac, laakiin in macnaheedu ma aha in aan loo baahnayn in joogitaanka gobolka ee Navy Soofiyeeti, iyo in la hubiyo in ay ahayd mid aad u adag oo aan joogitaanka ee arsenal ee maraakiibta waaweyn. Waxqabadka squadrons, ayaa waajib ku ah qaybaha kala duwan ee badaha fog waxaa ku adkaatay (sababta oo ah tirada yar ee unugyada, la xirrira ay "core" iyo hide iska caabin ah). Sidayaasha in USSR aan la dhisay sababtoo ah qiimaha sare, ku baabbi'inaya mashaariic hore (Pr. 30-2 iyo 78) markab (ex. 68), dhisay hoos Stalin iyo "nedorezanny" Khrushchev, ma aha oo kaliya dhacsan, laakiin sidoo kale jidh ahaan dhiban daallanna. Fleet badalkooda dalbaday in maraakiibta casriga ah ee tanka weyn, qalabaysan - on par leh gantaalo - madaafiic xoog leh. Waxaa sidaas uuraysatay cusub Project baabbi'iyuhu waa 956, baahi degdeg ah oo loogu talagalay ayaa si buuxda u fahamsan yahay ka dib markii layli oo baaxad weyn "Ocean", lagu qabtay guga ee 1970.

Waa maxay baabbi'iyuhu iyo sababta aad u baahan tahay

Baabbi'iyuhu - fikradda ah dhaqameed halkii la macnaha dhabta ah ka buuxiyeen. Dabcan, anigaa kuma koobna in ay hubka, laakiin by gaari ujeedada ay halkii waxaa ay qaateen maraakiibta badan oo markab heer caalami ah, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, waxay leeyihiin wax yar ka wadaagaan ee sailboats jir. Mashruuca baabbi'iyuhu 956 "shimbir" (in uu ahaa code) waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u qabtaan tiro balaadhan oo ah ergooyinka dagaalka, taas oo cadeyn karin in ay aad u badan ee Girkooda (Markabka anti-gujis weyn), samaysa aasaaska Navy Soofiyeeti ee demoqaraadiyad daahay. Rasmi ah, ujeeddadiisa ugu weyn waxaa la diyaariyey sidii taageero dabka loogu soo degtey ah, ayaa muujiyay in xakamaynta diirada dhulka yar, hubinta hawada iyo gantaalada unugyada difaaca shek iyo burburinta doonyaha soo horjeeda tahay. Waxaa sidoo kale la qorsheeyay in ay la Girkooda (Pr. 1155), kaas oo keenaya oolnimada of labada ciyaaryahan noocan oo kale ah in awoodaha dagaal ee ugu horumarsan wakhtigaas, markabka American "Spryuens" wadaagaan. Iyada oo ku saleysan gool iyo abuuray mashruuca baabbi'iyuhu waa 956. Qiimaha markabka waxaa miisaaniyadda qaali ah, ku dhisayow ku salaysan cilmiga difaaca la taaban karo, gaar ahaan marka ay timaado taxane waaweyn.

Appearance iyo qiimaha dacaayad sharraxaadda

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in muuqaalka qalabka military ma muhiim u yahay sida ay shaqeynayaan, laakiin taasi run ma aha. Arrinta sida cajiib u muuqataa hannaankii inta badan ku xiran tahay jaaniska waxaa ka mid ah soo saara aragti ah cadowga, in ay ka maqan yihiin dagaal, door muhiim ah horumarinta iskahorimaadka ciyaari karo, iyo sida macquulka ah looga hortago. Iyada oo ku saleysan this u weeyn, abuuro, iyo baabbi'iyuhu waa mashruuca 956. photo The model in la soo bandhigay S. G. Taliyaha IMF Admiral ka Gorshkovu dhamaadka 1971, waxaa inta badan la ansixiyay sabab u ah hortiisa laga cabsado ee doonnida, ay saamayn bannaanka iyo dacaayadda khiyaanadu, taas oo soo saari kari waayay ay dushana ka dib muuqaalka kore ee markabka ee badaha. Layout, dhisay 1:50 qiyaasta, Madaxdannadii badda jeclaa, waayo, waa arrin waafaqsan cilmiga siyaasadda dibadda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo waxa uu soo bandhigay horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XX ah. Laakiin, dabcan, waxa aan ahaa oo kaliya muuqaalka - ma ahaa si fudud S. G. Gorshkov, si ay aragti guud ee mashruuca si ay u qiimeeyaan in baabbi'iyuhu 956. Features ee doonnida ahaayeen muhiim ah, oo ay ka hadlayaan aad u seaworthy.

Dhismaha maraakiibta hal-abuurnimo

takhasus design hordhac ah oo duurka ku ah Dhismaha maraakiibta aan ka soo jeedin oo kaliya rata. Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee muuqaalka dibadda ee markabka noqday guryaha biyo, sheer ay qaansada, ciidamo guul hubka madaafiicda oo dab ugu weyn, meesha uu nidaamka difaaca hawada dhinacyada (oo fursado fiican ku kallifto daba jog) iyo anteenooyinkooda radar sare sare (sahanka radar fiican). dhererka Hull xadiday awooda of shipyards iyaga ku beeri. A. A. Zhdanova ahaa waa in aanay ka badan 146 mitir iyo width a of 17 m. Horumarinta ee markabka Dhismaha maraakiibta fikirka caadiga ah marka hore ahaayeen isticmaalo teknoolajiyada badan. Foomka qaansada reer weydiinaya howlgal aan (ilaa 7 dhibcood farax) counter la ruxruxo, guddiga qaadeen oo dushiisuna jab double si loo yareeyo aragti. Waxaa jiray muuqaalada kale in la kala saaro mashruuca baabbi'iyuhu 956 tu naqshadaha la sameeyey iyadoo raacaysa ay horizontal eegin contours, taas oo si weyn u soo hagaagaysa ka workability ee rakibaadda. guryaha wuxuu u qaybsan yahay shan iyo toban dhigan xaraysid, sujuudi "wataan" qayb quuska ma aha oo kaliya yaraynaysaa jiita, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u adeegtaa si loo xakameeyo hydroacoustics boostada (CIM-335MS, waa adag "Platinum). Sida qumman codsatay xubno ka Adkaan ciidan ee meelaha walaaca ugu badan.

warshad koronto

The darrada taxanahan ka mid ah maraakiibta yaqaan khubaro ka fiirsan warshad dhacsan. Waayo, kanu wuxuu ahaa sababta. Marka aad dooranayso nooca marawaxadaha S. G. Gorshkov doorashada waxaa la siiyaa circuit kuleyliyaha, gaaska iyagoo gaala ah. Tan waa la sameeyey sarkhaansan yihiin Wasiirka USSR ee Dhismaha maraakiibta B. E. Butomy, opinion oo sababaysan load weyn warshad samaysa marawaxadaha South iyo xaqiiqda ah in sahayda saliidda shidaalka si ay u degaan ee muddo gaar ahaan doonaa xumbo naaftada. Sidaas darteed, in baabbi'iyuhu Project 956 ayaa waxaa lagu qalabeeyay warshad kuleeliyaha-marawaxadaha mataano ah oo leh awood a total of 100 kun. Liter. a. Maanta waa ay adag tahay in la siiyo qiimayn dhamaystiran oo ay guushu ku go'aankan ama iyada ka gees hadli sare. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in ee 70s hore waxaa jiray mashruuc cusub oo lagu abuurayo kacaanka ah ee dhinaca farsamada ah KTU ramjet ah, hadii ay ku guulaystaan, ballan qaaday in ay noqon gaar ah, laakiin waxa aan ahaa guul. Ugu dambayntii, waxaan lahaa in ay joojiyaan on kululeeyaha caadi ka weyn-kar, hubiyey oo, guud ahaan, sidoo kale xun. Oo mid ka badan oo muran in ay raalli ahayd in cheapness qaraabo ah oo saliid lagu shido. World dhibaatooyinka tamarta taabtay oo USSR.

cannons

Yaraysiga ah labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay kaalinta madaafiic tiyaatarka badda hawlgallada ciidamada ee uu hoggaaminayay CB "Sevmash" baabbi'iyuhu gacanta "Modern" (Project 956) labo unug xidhay AK-130, qalabaysan Hab kontaroolo multi-channel, "Leo-218" (MR-184). fallaadhihii hanuun ku saleysan macluumaadka ay ka bixisay Finder ee kala duwan radar (laser) iyo qalabka telefishanka, iyo baaraandegi xuduudaheedu toogashada computer digital. Rasaas feed heerka matoorada gaadho 90 rds. / Min, masaafo ka badan 24 km. By awood madaafiic dumiya mashruuca ka badan 956 dagaalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka, oo isaguna uma uu hub kale oo aan ka ahayn madfac. Miisaanka u dhiibay in qolofka bartilmaameedka (hal daqiiqo) waa ka badan lix tons.

wakiilada madaafiicda lidka diyaaradaha siiyo badbaado ka diirada u adag (oo ay ku jiraan gantaalaha) iyo soo bandhigayaa laba kaxeynayo 30mm pobortno kullan AK-630M. goobaha waxaa ka mid ah nidaamka qaboojinta biyo lix foosto gacanta ku qalabaynta "Laydhka". Waxay awoodaan inay ku dhufatey shay-xawaaraha sare fogaan ah 4 km heerka a of 4 kun. Wareeg halkii daqiiqo waa.

gantaalo

Gantaalo baabbi'iyuhu waa "shimbir" waxaa loogu talagalay in la bartilmaameed hawada iyo badda ka qabtaan. Complex "Hurricane" (ee qoraalkii ka dib "Hurricane Tornado") ku qalabeysan yahay mid rido dogob, rasaas ZURami. In kasta oo laba rasaas PU ah - 48 jet hanuuniyey gantaalo. "Hurricane" - hub universal, waa arrin ku haboon burburinta maraakiibta dusha of tanka yar (tusaale ahaan, gantaal ama dooman'ka). Number of diirada dabagal iyo halaagnay - ilaa lix (marka laga bilaabo 12 ilbiriqsi kasta).

Mashruuca baabbi'iyuhu difaaca antiship Takhasuska 956 matalaa "kaneecada" ( "Kaneecada-M") adag, ZM-82 qalabaysan gantaalo. Laba dhirta, ay yihiin kuwo la ilaaliyo by Boos, mid kasta oo ka kooban afar gano. Complex dagaal gacan waa 120 km (170 at "Kaneecada-M"). Gantaalo supersonic (M = 3), mass ee qarxa rasaas qol xeedho - saddex quintal. All sideed ka mid ah ku-ZM 82 waxaa la soo saari karaa gudahood qeybtii kooxda daqiiqadii kubad nidaamyada gacanta markab.

Terms of adeegga

"Shimbir" hoosaysa doonniyo badan Navy hagaagay xaaladaha habitability. Baabbi'iyuhu qalabaysan hal microclimate rakibo bixiya jawi raaxo leh heerkulka dibadda ah laga bilaabo -25 ° C si +34 ° C. Waayo, inta ka diiwaan shaqaalaha u adeega 16 forecastles awoodda ee 10 ilaa 25 qof oo isku mar ah, waayo, badmaaxa kasta oo uu leeyahay meel ka badan 3 m² weyn. Sarkaal Warrant (afar afar) iyo sarkaal (hal iyo double) waxay leeyihiin weliba qolalkii hoose 10 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. m. Laba wardroom waasac iyo saddex qol cuntada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in cunista. On guddiga jiro wax walba oo aad u baahan tahay in ay ku noolaadaan meel ka fog xeebaha ay hooyo, shineemo, cable TV, maktabad, radio gudaha, tiixo raaxo leh, sauna. In hawada kulul, on amarka taliyaha markabka la dhisi kara pool.

Inside unit waxaa jira rug caafimaad, qol double insulator, isbitaalka iyo hawlgalka.

Shuruudaha habitability iyo raaxo on the Project 956 kuwa ku baabbi'inaya ma aha liita heerka shisheeye, taas oo saameyn ku iman kara dhoofinta maraakiibta, kuwaas oo ah.

xilliyada adag

Mashruucan ayaa waxaa keliya abuuray si loogu isticmaalo gudaha, iyo ka hor burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti for sale ee maraakiibta noocan ah ma ahaa xataa su'aal. Afar iyo kuwa ku baabbi'inaya biiray ciidamada badda ee Soviet in muddada 1976-1881 sano, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa ku salaysan celcelis afar sano. Markabka yimid Waqooyiga (lix) iyo Pacific (siddeed) maraakiibta ka qayb qaatay layliyada badda oo baaxad weyn, ka dhigi safar dheer, iyo booqashada saaxiibtinimo dekadaha shisheeye.

In ka sano ee la soo dhaafay Soviet iyo isla markiiba ka dib burburkii USSR ee xaaladda bedelay. Maratay hoos maalgelinta dawladda. content ee markabka ma iman raqiis ah. Tobankii sano ee, daraasiin qoran off, ku hadhay madaxda sare ee shan baabbi'inaya oo noocan ah, inta kale waxaa lagu kala dhantaashay ama mothballed. "Admiral Ushakov" Toban sano ka dib (ee 2011), adeeg dagaal ku qaadeen in Northern Fleet leeyahay baabbi'iyuhu waa mid keliya Project 956. "Baxayn" ahaa flagship ee Fleet Östersjön, iyo "Quick" waxaa ku yaalla Badweynta Pacific. Waxaa jira saddex kaliya ee toddoba iyo toban markab jira dhisay.

Waqtigaa, inta badan oo ka mid ah hababka of fasalka hub "Sarich" dhacsan. A casriyeynta qorsheeyay Project 956 kuwa ku baabbi'inaya la gantaalaha ka dib la wareegay oo ah nidaamka difaaca hawada iyo gantaal cusub. bedelkiisa loo baahan yahay iyo difaaca anti-toorbiidyo. At sifooyinka maaraysay isku baabbi'inaya ahaayeen kuwo aad u wanaagsan. oo iskooda by 4.5 kun. Miles, xawaaraha sare iyo madaafiic ku-guddiga awood dhiiri Range Resources taliyayaasha raxan in ay ka fogaadaan dhammaan ka baxaan weelashii adeega.

Casriyaynta iyo dhoofinta

Laba markab diiqid, helay dul saarin of magaca "Muhiim ah" iyo "maskax leh", ka dibna loo baxshay "Ekaterinburg" iyo "Alexander Nevsky", ee Warega of a kunka sannadood ay dhammaadaan iyo iibiyo Shiinaha. Mashruucan ayaa ku jira qaab ciyaareed dhoofinta ayaa isbedelo oo helay code 956 E. Magacyada maraakiibta Chinese - "Hangzhou" iyo "Fuzhou", ay ahaayeen tan iyo 2000 si ay hadda u adeegaya oo qayb ka ah Ciidamada Bada ee Bariga Fleet ah Dadka Liberation Army ee Shiinaha. Casriyaynta 956 kuwa ku baabbi'inaya Project taxanaha "E" (dhoofinta) la xiriira oo kaliya in ay dhirta xoog iyo qaar ka mid ah hubka.

isbedel More halis ah ayaa la dhigay ka dib markii laba cutub loogu talagalay ciidamada badda Shiinaha. Mashruuca baabbi'iyuhu 956EM waa ka bedelidii ah "E" ee size kala duwan, gantaalaha anti-markab kala duwan la dheereeyey "Kaneecada-ME" (ay qaadato bartilmaameedyada in gacan ka mid ah 200 km) oo gantaalo iyo madaafiic unugyada cusub lidka dayuuradaha "Chestanut". The siisid qoriga AFT bedelay katabaan helicopter. Waayo, mashruucan, laba baabbi'inaya ( "Taizhou" iyo "Ningbo") dhisay sanadkii 2005 iyo 2006.

Haddii iibka oo ka mid ah laba weel ugu horeysay PRC sharxay xaaladda dhaqaale ee muddada post-hore inta badan oo adag, heshiiska for sahayda ee labada soo socda waxaa loo yeedhi karaa qalliin shisheeye guul. In dhexe ee tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii cusub durbadiiba waxaa joogo on line system of casriyeynta oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida Ruush, oo ay ku jiraan ciidanka badda ee. Waqtigaas, maraakiibta ayaa loogu talagalay in ka sii horumarsan yahay Project baabbi'iyuhu waa 956, taas oo uu leeyahay sawir waxa uu la xidhiidhaa jireen waagii teesto ah. superstructure u ballaaran iyo anteenooyinkooda badan isaga waafaqsanaynina, muuqaalka oo ka mid ah maraakiibta ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waana mid ka, Shiinaha ayaa laga badiyay, soo iibsaday a unugyada dagaalka awood badan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, dadaalka uu Navy.