Marka helay America? Taariikhda daahfurka of America. Year of helitaanka America

daahfurka Year of America la oran karo waa tub nolosha Europe ah. Marka waxbarashada jiritaanka qaaradda cusub, dad badan oo bilaabay in ay tagaan on doonyaha si, sahamiyaan dhulal cusub, isku day in aad iyaga u yaqaaniin.

Columbus helay America

sanadka marka sahamisa Spain furay dhul cusub ee taariikhda loo yaqaan 1492-th. Oo dhan meelaha kale ee North America, tusaale ahaan, gobollada Alaska iyo xeebta Pacific waxay mar hore laga helay iyo baaritaan bilowgii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. Waa in la sheegay in ay kaalin muhiim ah in daraasad ah ee qaaradda iyo Socdaalba ka Russia keenay.

milmaan

History of helitaanka North America waa arrin xiiso leh: waxaa xataa la odhan karaa waa shil. Dhammaadkii qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad sahamisa Spain Hristofor Kolumb oo duulaan gaareen xeebaha North America. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu si qalad ah u maleeyeen inuu ku jiray Hindiya. Laga soo bilaabo in uu bilaabo xilligii marka America oo la furay iyo bilaabay dhinaca horumarinta iyo cilmi baarista. Laakiin cilmi qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin taariikhda in aan sax ahayn, isagoo sheegay in helitaanka qaaradda cusub ka badan sidii hore ka dhacay.

In wixii sanadkii la helay America?

Year Columbus helay America - 1492-th - ma taariikhda saxda ah. Waxaa soo baxday in sahamisa Spain lahaa ka horreeyay, kaas oo: - ma mid. In dhexe ee qarnigii tobnaad Normans halkan u safray ka dib markii laga helay Greenland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay gumeysato dalka cusub ku fashilantay, maxaa yeelay, waxay ku eeliyey xaaladaha adag cimilada ee waqooyiga qaarada. Intaa waxaa dheer, Normans ayaa sidoo kale cabsi meel fog ka soo qaaradda cusub ee Europe.

Sida laga soo xigtay dadka kale, qaaradda helay raggii baxriyiinta qadiimiga ah - Phoenicians ah. Qaar ka mid ah ilaha waqtiga, marka laga helay America, loo yaqaan dhexe ee BC ugu horeysay Millennium, sida Horseedka - Chinese ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, version this sidoo kale loo hayn caddeyn cad.

Waxaa loo arkaa macluumaadka ugu kalsoonaan karo oo ku saabsan waqtiga marka Viking ka helay America. Dhammaadkii qarnigii tobnaad Norman iyo Bjarni Heryulfsonom Leif Eriksson Helluland la helay - "dhagax", Markland - "Forest" iyo Vinland - "beero canab ah" ee dhulka, kaas oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay la saffarro of Peninsula Labrador ah.

Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in xitaa ka hor inta Columbus ee qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, qaarada waqooyiga gaadhay Bristol iyo Cantabrian kalluumaysatada, yaa la odhan jiray jasiiradda Brazil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilliyada ka mid ah guutadii wax aan la odhan karaa waa guul aad u weyn ee taariikhda marka helay America runtii ah, t. E. Ma waxaa loo aqoonsaday qaaradda cusub.

Columbus - horyaal dhab ah

Weli, markii la weydiiyay waxa sannad helay America, khubarada inta badan loo yaqaan qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, ama halkii ay dhamaadka. Oo kuwa marka hore u sameeyey, sida uu sheegay Columbus. Waqtiga marka helay America, beegantay taariikhda mudada goorta reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay ku kala bixiyaan fikrado ku saabsan qaabka wareegsan dhulka iyo suurtagalnimada in ay gaaraan Hindiya ama Shiinaha Jidka Western, in uu yahay, oo dhan Badweynta Atlaantik. Waxaa loo maleeyey in waddada ay tani tahay wax badan ka gaaban bari. Sidaa darteed, in view of monoboli reer Portugal on gacanta of South Atlantic ah, taasoo keentay in heshiis Alkasovasskim ee 1479, Spain, had iyo jeer doonaya xiriir toos ah la leh wadamada bariga, si xoog leh u taageeray duulaan reer Columbus Navigator Genoese jihada a galbeed.

dabaal furitaanka

Hristofor Kolumb ka da'da hore xiiso juqraafiga, joomateri iyo xiddigaha. Laga soo bilaabo da'da yar oo uu ku lug ku guutadii badda, uu booqday dhamaan badaha ka dibna loo yaqaan. Columbus guursaday gabadhii badmaaxa reer Portugal, uu wax ka helay badan oo khariidado iyo Qoraallada Hagidda waqtiga Henry Navigator ah. discoverer The mustaqbalka iyaga si taxadar leh bartay. Qorshihiisu wuxuu ahaa in la helo waddo badda si Hindiya ah, laakiin ma aha iyada oo aan maraya Africa, oo si toos ah guud ahaan Atlantic. Sida culimada qaar ka mid ah - saffarro uu, Columbus rumeysan yahay in, isagoo u tegey inuu galbeed ee Europe, waxa ay noqon doontaa suurto gal ah in ay gaaraan xeebaha bari ee Asia - kuwa meelaha ay jiraan Hindiya iyo Shiinaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma uu xataa ma oga in jidka la kulmi doonaa qaaradda oo dhan, ilaa markaas lagu yaqaan in ay Yurub. Laakiin waxa dhacay. Iyo tan iyo wakhtigaas oo uu leeyahay ay asal ahaan taariikhda helitaanka America.

duulaan ugu horeysay ee

Columbus maraakiibta ugu horeysay ka dekedda Palosskoy saddexaad u dhoofay bishii August 1492. Waxaa jiray saddex. Si aad u duulaan Canary Islands soo baxay arrin si degan: Tani stretch wadada ahaa baxriyiintii ayaa waxaa hore u ogaan lahaa. Laakiin sida ugu dhaqsaha badan ay naftooda helay Bad Dhexdeed ah oos. Tartiib tartiib raggii bilaabay si ay u noqdaan niyad iyo in kor loo qaado wadna xanuunka. Laakiin Columbus ahaa awoodaan in ay nabadeeyaan caasiyiinta ah, taageeridda iyaga rajaynaynaa. Si dhakhso ah waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan calaamado - harbingers ee u dhow dalka, shimbir la garanayn duulay, dhoofay laamaha geed. Ugu dambeyntii, ka dib safar ah oo lix isbuuc, nalalka habeenkii, iyo marka waagu ka qarxay, ka hor inta baxriyiintii ayaa furay jasiirada cagaaran picturesque, oo dhan daboolay Dhirta. Columbus degay xeebta, ayaa wuxuu shaaca ka qaaday hanti dalka taajkii Isbaanish ah. Jasiiradda ayaa loo magacaabay San Salvador, in uu yahay, oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah qaybo yar yar oo dalka ka tirsan ee Bahamas ama Lukaysky jasiiradaha.

Earth, meeshaas oo dahab leh

Oo barbariyiintii waxay - wuxuushta nabad iyo wanaag-dabeecad. Ogaanaya damac uga dhoofeen sharraxdid dahabka oo ah wax ka mid ah barbariyiintiina ee sanka iyo dhegaha sudhay ah, calaamado u sheegay in koonfureed waa dal in uu yahay macno buuxa oo dahab ah. Oo Columbus sii tageen. Isla sanadkaas ayuu furay Cuba, kaas oo, inkasta oo ay ka soo qaadeen isku xidha berriga, more hufan, waayo xeebta bari ee Asia, ayaa sidoo kale ku dhawaaqay in gumeysi a Spain. Laga soo duulaan this, jeestay bari, xayiran in Haiti. Xaaladdan oo jidka oo dhan Spain kulmay wuxuushta kuwaas oo aan keliya doonaya in la beddelo isku sharraxdid dahab inay kuul galaas fudud iyo Eebey kale, laakiin sidoo kale si joogta ah ayaa tilmaamay in jihada koonfureed, markii wax laga weydiiyay biraha qaali. On Hispaniola, kaas oo la odhan jiray Columbus Hispaniola, ama Little Spain, wuxuu ka dhisay qalcado yar.

soo laabtay

Markii Markabka ku xidheen in dekedda Palosskoy, dadka oo dhan in ay xeebta yimaadeen inay la kulmaan iyagii sharaf buuxa. Aad u roonaaday qaaday Columbus iyo Ferdinand iyo Isabella. Wararka helitaanka ee World Cusub faafin si dhakhso ah, sida ugu dhakhsaha socday oo diyaar u ah inay halkaas isugu raaci discoverer ah. Waagaas reer Yurub ah oo fikrad kama haysan waxa America la helay by Hristofor Kolumb.

safarka labaad

History of helitaanka North America, taas oo la bilaabay in 1492, ayaa sii waday. Laga soo bilaabo September 1493 on June 1496 wuxuu ahaa kan labaad ee isku xigta duulaan Navigator a Genoese. Sidaas darteed, Virgin Islands iyo babbinayso ah laga helay, oo ay ku jiraan Antigua, Dominika, Nevis, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Puerto Rico iyo Jamaica. Spain ayaa degay on dalka reer Haiti, iyaga samaynta salkeeda iyo dhisay in qayb ka mid ah koonfur-bari ee qalcadda ee San Domingo. In 1497th ee tartan iyaga la, soo galay Ingiriiska, sidoo kale, isku dayaya in ay ka heli a waqooyi-galbeed dhinaca Asia. Tusaale ahaan, Cabot a Genoese hoos calanka Ingiriisi ku helay jasiiradda of Newfoundland iyo, by xisaabaadka qaar ka mid ah, waxaa yimid mid aad u dhow xeebta North American, in Labrador iyo Nova Scotia. Sidaas British ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay daabulayey ay heystaan ee gobolka of North America.

The duulaan saddexaad iyo kan afraad

Waxaa bilowday bishii May 1498 iyo dhamaaday November 1500. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la ogaadey jasiiradda Trinidad iyo afka Orinoco ah. Bishii August 1498 Columbus ugu horeysay ku degay xeebta horeba waa in South America on Peninsula Paria ah, iyo in reer Spain 1499th gaareen xeebaha Guiana iyo Venezuela, ka dibna - Brazil iyo afka Amazon ah. Oo ugu dambeeyey - afraad - safarka ka May 1502 in November 1504 Columbus hore u furay Central America. Maraakiibta uu xeebta ee Honduras iyo Nicaragua maray, ayaa ka yimid Costa Rica iyo Panama ilaa Gacanka Darién.

qaaradda cusub

Isla sanadkaas badmaaxa kale - Amerigo Vespucci, duulaan ku qaaday calanka Portuguese, sidoo kale sahamiyey xeebta Brazil. Gaarto Cape of Cananea, ayuu hore u gelin la xiqiijiyay in dhulka in Columbus helay - ma aha Shiinaha, iyo xataa Hindiya, laakiin qaarad cusub. fikrad Tani waxaa xaqiijiyay ka dib safar ugu horeysay ee adduunka oo dhan, ka go'an F. Magellan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lid ku ah macquulka ah ee qaaradda cusub la xaqiijiyay magaca America - oo ku hadlaya magaca Vespucci ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah sabab rumaysan in qaarad cusub loo magacaabay ka dib markii Sokeeye Richard Bristol America ka England, kuwa maalgeliya safarka labaad transatlantic of John Cabot ee 1497, Amerigo Vespucci iyo in ka dib qaaday magaca lagu sharfayo qaaradda waxa loogu yeero. Si ay u caddeeyaan aragti this, cilmi caddayn joogo in Cabot gaaray xeebta Labrador, laba sano ka hor, oo sidaas daraaddeed noqday rasmi ah diiwaan Yurub ugu horeeyay ee cag on ciidda American.

In qarnigii lix iyo-ka, Zhak Karte, sahamisa a Faransiis, gaareen xeebaha dalka Kanada, siinta meesha ay magaca hadda.

U tartami kale

horumarinta qaaradda of North America sii waday in ay sahamiyayaal sida John Davis, Aleksandr Makenzi, Genri Gudzon iyo William Baffin. Waa in ay cilmi-baarista mahad iyo qaarada oo dhan ayaa lagu bartay hoos xeebta Pacific.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhda ogyahay badan oo BURCAD magacyada kale ee soo dhawaaday in ay ciidda Maraykanka Columbus ka hor. Tani waa Sheen Hui - wadaad Thai oo booqday gobolka qarnigii shanaad, Abubakar - Suldaankii Mali, oo dhoofa xeebta Maraykanka ee qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad, ee Earl of Orkney de Saint-Clair, cilmibaadhe Chinese Chzhee Ho, Portugal Joao Korterial iwm ...

Laakiin, in kasta oo wax kasta, in Hristofor Kolumb ninkii daahfurtay ayaa si xaqiiqo ah u saameeyay taariikhda oo dhan binu-aadmiga oo.

Shan iyo toban sano ka dib markii ugu markii Maraakiibta in laga helay Navigator America, map ugu horeysay juquraafi ahaaneed ee qaarada ah la sameyn. Its qoraaga ahayd Martin Valdzeemyuller. Maanta, isagoo hantida Maktabadda ee Congress Maraykanka, waxa lagu kaydiyaa Washington.