Mackintosh bandhig ee Kremlin: "manifesto The of style cusub"

Mackintosh macno ahaan iskuna aqoonsiga oo dhan casriga ah British lacagta badan tahay naqshadaha. Scot by dhalashada, uu naftiisa oo dhan in ay tahay dalkooda caanka soocay. Sida caadiga ah ee bandhiga in Kremlin Moscow ka dhigay kaliya masterpieces ugu weyn. Waxaa ka shaqeeya by fannaaniinta halyeeyga, sculptors iyo injineero, caalamka oo dhan laga aqoonsan yahay.

An bandhig aan caadi ahayn, sawir

qolalka The One-Tiir Chamber of Palace uuga muuqatay kuraasta alwaax ah oo dhaadheer oo kala duwan. On darbiyada ka soo lalmisaa farshaxankiisa la maadooyinka aan caadi ahayn.

iyaga ku xigtayna waxaa Bbc qaab macquul ah.

Farqiga u dhexeeya casriga iyo sidaynu soo baxay markii loo arki karaa mid kasta oo odayga Scottish.

Thanks to cadibo asalka ah ee hab ee bandhiga, bandhig la galiyey kale taallo naqshadda this, halkaas oo ay bandhigyo ugu fiican ee Kremlin. One-Tiir Chamber, ka qarnigii XVII soo kicisid, si gaar ah u doortay hall bandhiga. Jawiga xarunta bandhiga dhameystirta shuqulka Mackintosh.

Art British ee Russia

Charles Rennie Mackintosh, kuwaas oo bandhig furay Moscow - tiradaasi aad u wanaagsan oo xitaa bartayba oo dhan wax aan caadi ahayn British. The Gallery of Modern Art Tate Modern dhowr boqol ah farshaxankiisa aan caadi ahayn, farshaxan iyo xubno madaxtooyada a. Oo dadka reer Russia ayaa inta badan maxfalka tahay classical, style macquul ah iyo Qarniyadii hore. Ma jiraan wax aan caadi ahayn in xaqiiqda ah in Macintosh bandhig ee Kremlin ku noqday dareen ah taageerayaasha of farshaxanka iyo naqshadaha waa.

Charles waxa uu ku dhashay ee 1868 fog, oo ku dhintay 1928. Intii uu nolosha, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u arkaan iyo isku dhacyada qaranka, dagaal iyo qiyaasta caalamiga ah. Qaar ka mid ah dhinacyada uu naftiisa ka muuqataa in shuqullada qoraaga.

Wakiilka of School Arts ah, kaas oo haatan ku sugan magaalada warshadaha ee Glasgow, Scotland McIntosh amaanay sanadaha soo socda. Lacagta badan macno yimid nool hoos qalab uu sawir. Waxa uu noqday mid soo cusboonaadey oo waxay bilaabeen inay macne cusub oo ciyaaro.

Waxa uu ku noolaa ee Warega ee qarnigii labaatanaad ka shaqeeyeen in dhibic ka mid ah isgoyska of dhowr nooc oo ah farshaxanka.

Modern mar kale

Mackintosh neefta labaad ee casriga, taas oo at Warega ee qarnigii labaatanaad bilaabay in ay nolo siiyey. Artist by xirfad, uu si guul ah marka la isku daro rinjiyeynta la Architecture.

Abuuritaanka alaabta naqshado ama keentay burushka on shiraac ah, McIntosh, kuwaas oo show waa sidaas oo caan ah, ayaa marnaba ka cabsanayn noocyo cusub, isku midabo. Iyo qalabka uu u doortay, waayo, curiyay cusub, samaynta kasta ee uu shaqada gabi ahaanba waa mid gaar ah. Waxa uu noqday waxyi ugu weyn ee qaababka joomateri.

Ka hor inta Mackintosh farshaxanka casriga ah ee wakhtiguna wuxuu ahaa nooc aad u kala duwan. Noqoshada caanka ah waqtiga, naqshadeeyaha ugu of style waa caan ah ilaa maantadan la joogo. khaasatan dugsiga casriga ah iyo classical, tijaabinta iyo dhaqan aan la fiican wakiil karaa bandhig in Kremlin.

Yuu yahay Mac this?

In Scotland, aabbe u ahaa casriga yeedhay Charles Rennie Mackintosh. xirfaddaada farshaxan ogaaday xitaa in dugsiga sare, taas oo uu ku weheliso koorsooyinka fiidkii at the School of Art Glasgow ee. Waayo, kartida aad u fiican, Charles helay deeq waxbarasho oo dheeraad ah, oo waxay isagii u sahlay in ay si Italy iyo France tagaan. In dalalkaas, waxaa la rabay ee masterpieces ee naqshadaha, taxadiri iyo farshaxanka. Markii uu dalkiisa hooyo ku soo laabtay Scotland, Mackintosh ayaa go'aansaday waxa uu ka nolol doonayo, oo waxay bilaabeen inay fuliyaan riyada.

Ma uusan ka waaban inaad si fudud u shaqeeyaan sida draftsman ah shirkad dhismaha maxaliga ah, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday milkiilaha. Horeba 1893 waxaa jiray mashruuca ugu horeysay la yaab leh Charles Tower "Glasgow Herald". Charles guursaday fasalka ka School Art ah oo uu iyada la waayo nolol farxad ku noolaa.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Europe ayaa shaaca ka qaaday inuu shaqada xamaasad, geesinimada in naqshada British ah muxaafidka ah ma maqsuud.

Hanad ahaa xubin ka mid ah kooxda fanaaniinta loo yaqaan "afar maalmood." Kooxda ayaa waxaa la sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro sano ee ardayga, Charles. Waxaa ka kooban by saaxiibkiis Gerbert Makneyr, iyo laba gabdhood, Frances iyo Margaret Macdonald. "Glasgow Style" Si wada jir ah, waxay la aasaasay style design ah oo gebi cusub oo lagu magacaabo.

Haddaba bandhiga Charles Rennie Mackintosh - taasi waa calaamad loo yaqaan adduunka oo dhan.

Makintoshizm

Charles Mackintosh isku dayeen in ay sameeyaan wax kasta oo uu u gaar ah. Wuxuu si dhakhso ah u yimid style in ay ahayd adag tahay in u yeelaan qof kale. First, naqdiya habka shaqada loo yaqaan "geddisan" ka dibna loogu magac daray "Makintoshizmom".

Dhammaan dhismayaasha waxaa loogu talagalay by Charles waa in uu ka jirey wada noolaanshaha la decoration gudaha, alaabta guriga. guriga laftiisa iyo waxyaabaha ay u noqoto jidh keliya.

Shuqulkiisuna waa mid aad u functional, no-micne lahayn, qurux iyo xarrago leh qaab. Taasi Charlz Makintosh, kii bandhiga ayaa sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa dadweynaha hadda Ruush, hoggaamiyey jidkii wax dhisid cusub Art lacagta badan by, la khadadka xisaab sax adag iyo dhismaha oo aan caadi ahayn.

shaqada dhise

Mashruuca Glasgow ayaa Mackintosh dhisay dhismayaal dhowr ah. Shuqulkiisuna waa fudud loo garan karo. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay si guul ah ku darsato noocyada maxaliga ah.

The dhismayaasha ugu caansan ee Macintosh ah:

• dhismaha guri gaar Hill House,
• Native Macintosh School of Art,
• dugsiga hoose ee Glasgow;
• qolalka shaaha safsaf,
• Church of Queens Cross.

dhismayaasha Kuwani xoogaa la mid ah handarraabbadeedii yihiin. Charles gaar ah si hufan diiradda on model this in ay xoogga saaraan naqshadaha lahaayeen dhaqanka ee Scotland.

Mackintosh aan ka baqay in ay isku daraan oo ay dhismayaasha birta, muraayad, la taaban karo.

Alaabta ka naqshadeeye

imagination u ballaadhan oo ka mid ah naqshada iyo artist, looma ogola in ay jiraan joojiyo.

Waxa uu kubiiray noocyo kala duwan oo noocyo tahay. Ka dib markii xal naqshadda guul, dhismayaasha magaalooyinka Mackintosh kor u qaadeen alaabta guriga. bandhig Mac ee Kremlin ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigay in ay dhagaystayaasha Ruush ah baarka shuqulkiisii uu.

gabal kasta oo alaabta guriga, by naqshadeeye ka dhigay, waa mid gaar ah. The labaad sida kajirin. Charles qurxinay kuraasta iyo miisaska lacagta ah, iyaga duniyooyinka in biraha, daboolay dhaldhalaalka ama la geliyo iyaga galaas midab.

Design of hanad

Waxa intaa dheer in alaabta guriga iyo design guryo, ayuu ka abuuray Dakatu for rijiyeeyay, dunta, daaqadaha, daaqadaha galaas albaabka, meelaha dabka iyo xataa saacadood. Si aad u qurxin derbiyada guryahooda, ayuu kor u yimid oo la stencils, oo waxay noqotay inuu summad. Inta badan waxaan ku qurxin dhan Ubax, taas oo calaamad u qoraaga.

Dad yar ogahay in Charles Mackintosh rinji boorarka dibadda iyo boodhadhka. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey iyada oo design ee tigidhada, advertising iyo wixii la mid ah.

naqshadeeye ayaa u yimid oo uu font saxiixa. Warqad kasta, iyaga Falkan murugada, si loo arko shaqo ka mid ah tahay.

sawiro

McIntosh ma isla markiiba u yimid inuu rinjiyeynta caadiga ah. In uu dhalinyarada, isagu wuu ka xiiso qaar saddex dhinac-cabbir ah in dhisi kari waayay.

In da 'weyn markii ugu horeysay lagu badalay qalinka barbaro on burush. In uu hoos u sano, Charles si firfircoon rinji Bbc, weli innoogu sheegay. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa loo sameeyaa iyadoo laabkood ah, in uu shakhsi, style fudud loo garan karo.

farshaxanka naqshada ayaa si gaar ah qiimo leh, tan iyo markii la abuuray iyaga oo aan aad u badan, iyo mid kasta oo ka mid ah farshaxankiisa waxaa loo arkaa hantida dadweynaha ee Scotland iyo UK oo dhan.

Maxaa si aad u aragto at show ah?

museum ee Glasgow ma turjumi karo masterpieces naqshadda ee Macintosh iyo koobnayn shuqullada yar, laakiin aan ka yarayn hami.

Waxaa la oran karo waa sida soo bandhigaa ugu weyn ee bandhiga:

• sawir Macintosh rinji Bbc watercolor of Scotland,
• alaabta gaarka ah, sida kuraasta iyo miisaska,
• muraayadaha;
• gudaha baarka,
• stencils warqadihii qoraaga caanka ah ee;
• laambadihii.

highlight ee ururinta ayaa la keenay xubno ka mid ah gudaha, taas oo McIntosh sameeyey si aad u dalbato loogu talagalay dadka ka Glasgow iyo tuulooyinka ku hareereysan. In qolka this waxaa jira miis, iyo kursi, ama xataa muraayad, ay soo saareen ay design. All wada abuuraa halabuurka ah sida ku cad sawirka aad by qoraaga. Sidoo kale in Russia ayaa la keenay iyo qaar ka mid ah alaabta guriga ka salon shaaha ee style Shiinaha.

Aan alaabta xigxiga loogu talagalay adag gaaray lumiyo qiimaha farshaxanka sida wax farshaxan. Sidaa darteed, marka bandhiga waxaa la abuuray Macintosh ee Kremlin, kuwaas oo ka soo guests Scotland yimid si fiican talinayaa asxaabtii Ruush.

Nasiib darro, waxyaabaha qaar in ay ahayd in ay noqon on show ah, ayaa soo gaaray inta lagu guda jiro dab. In Glasgow, gubta Abuuridda Macintosh, ee School of Arts. Uu Mater Alma u gaar ah. wakiilada School ay ahayd si uu u gudbiyo nuqulo ka mid ah shuqulladii Charlza Renni Mackintosh bandhiga in Museum Kremlin, laakiin kari waayeen sababta oo ah masiibada.

On this maqalka, wakiilada bandhiga in Moscow ay muujiyeen naxariis iyo rajaynaynaa in dugsiga ay awoodaan in ay si deg deg ah soo kabsado iyo sii wadaan in ay la dilaaliinta ay mustaqbalka ka shaqayn jiri doonaa.

Wadaad ee Palace, ama halkii ay Tiir Chamber, taas oo uu marti booqanaya bandhiga, ayaa kalsooni ku qaba in ay guul. show Tani waxa uu noqday barnaamij loogu talagalay taxanaha oo dhan bandhigyo in la qabtaa ee matxafyada ee Kremlin ee Moscow. abaabulayaasha carwada sii si ay u fuliyaan qorshaha. Oo waxay doonayaan inay soo bandhigto Muscovites iyo marti magaaladii iyadoo wakiilada ugu fiican iyo aad u fiican dunida of art maanta oo qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

One-Tiir Chamber, ka dib markii isku day badan, ugu dambeyntii soo celiyo ee 2005. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa ay markii ugu horeysay ay go'aansadeen in ay soo noqdaan in ay hoolka for bandhigyo. bandhiga ugu fiican ee Moscow oo keliya waxaa ka heli karto.

Rugta - taallo oo run ah naqshadaha rayidka ah, taas oo noo yimid ka bixiyo qarnigii toddoba. Inta lagu guda jiro dabaal-guuradii 200aad ee jiritaanka matxafyada Kremlin in dhismahan yaaliin bandhig a grand sharaf ah boqorada Ruush iyo fuulo maqsinka hubka.

Shaqaalaha of Museum Ruush waxay ahaayeen aad ugu faraxsan fursad ay ku rid on goobta ay ka shaqeeya Mackintosh. bandhig Mackintosh ee Kremlin bilaabay hawsheeda.