Life iyo Works of Dostoevsky

In this article, waxaan ku tilmaami doonaa nolosha iyo shaqada Dostoevsky si kooban kuu sheegi ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan. Fyodor Mikhailovich waxa uu ku dhashay on October 30 (style jir - 11) ee 1821. Dostoevsky maqaalka adiga ku bari doonaa shuqullada aasaasiga ah, guulihii ninkan beerta ku suugaanta. Laakiin bal aynu ka bilaabi tan iyo bilowgii aad u - ka asalka ah ee qoraaga mustaqbalka, iyada oo uu Biography.

Dhibaatooyinka Dostoevsky qoto dheer fahamsanahay oo keliya noqon kartaa qof aqoon u leh nolosha ninkan. Ka dib oo dhan, khayaali had iyo jeer waa bartey bandhigayaa sifooyinka of Biography ee Abuuraha reer shuqullada. In the case of Dostoevsky si gaar ah dareemi.

Asalkii Dostoyevsky

Aabbaha Fyodor ku dhashay laamaha Rtishchevo, Faracoodii Rtishchev Daniil Ivanovich, daafaca ee-South West of Russia Orthodox Faith ee. Wuxuu fadhiisiyey guulihii fiican tuulada Dostoevo ku yaalla gobolka Podolsk. Dostoevsky la odhan halkaas ka asalkiisu ka soo jeedo.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by bilowgii qarnigii 19aad, tartanka saboolka Dostoevsky. Andrei Mikhailovich, awoowe wax qora, oo waxay u adeegeen gobolka Podolsk ah, in magaalada Bratslav, archpriest. Mikhail, waxaan xiiso u aabbihiis qoraaga, qalin wakhtigiisa Medico-Qalliinka Academy. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ee 1812, wuxuu la Faransiis ka dhanka kale la dirireen, ka dibna, in 1819kii, guursaday Nechaeva Maria Feodorovna, gabadhii baayacmushtari ka Moscow. Mikhail, ee hawlgabka, helay xafiiska dhakhtarka ee isbitaalka Mariinsky, u furan dadka saboolka ah, kaas oo la odhan jiray in dadka Bozhedomka.

Halkee Dostoevsky waxa uu ku dhashay?

Apartment qoyska qoraa mustaqbalka jiray garabka midig ee isbitaalka. In waxa, ka yar ladan aqalka dowladda loo qoondeeyey, ayuu waxa uu ku dhashay 1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich. Oo hooyadiis, sida aynu hore u soo sheegnay, ka nooc ka mid ah baayacmushtariyaasha yimid. Pictures of geeri soo degdegta ah, saboolnimada, cudurada, disorder - dareenkaa u horeeyaana wiilka, kaas oo qaab sarkhaansan yihiin aragtida dunida qoraaga mustaqbalka, mid aan caadi aheyn. shaqada Dostoevsky ee ka tarjumaysaa this.

Xaaladda qoyska qoraaga mustaqbalka

Baxda waqti ilaa 9 qof oo qoyska ayaa lagu qasbay inuu huddle qolalka laba kaliya. Mikhail ahaa hypochondriac iyo nin degdeg u cadhoodaa.

Waxay jeelyihiin in nooc ka mid ah oo kala duwan ahaa Maria Fedorovna: shopping, farxad, nooc. Xiriirka u dhexeeya waalidiinta wiilka ayaa ku salaysan jooge ah oo ka mid ah hawada iyo doonista aabbihiis. Kalkaaliyaha iyo hooyadiis qoraaga mustaqbalka lagu sharfay dhaqanka diinta Xurmaysan ee dalka, kobcinta ixtiraam iimaanka qolooyinka reer jiilalka mustaqbalka. Maria Feodorovna dhintay dhalinyaro ah - at da'da 36 sano. Waxay waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Lazarev ah.

yiqiin ayaa marka hore la suugaanta

Waxbarashada iyo Science sooco oo waqti badan in qoyska Dostoevsky ah. At da'da hore Dostoevsky helay oo farxad u ah xidhiidhka buugga. Shuqullada horrayn, kaasoo uu kula kulmay, - warkii dad Arina Arkhipovna, sikale. Taasi waxaa xigay Pushkin iyo Zhukovsky - qorayaasha jecel Maria Feodorovna.

Fyodor Mikhailovich da'da hore noqday ogyahay Classics weyn ee suugaanta adduunka: Hugo, Cervantes iyo Homer. Aabbihiis qorsheysay in qoyska habeenkii reading shuqullada N. M. Karamzina "History of gobolka Ruush." Waxaas oo dhan fajac ku qoraa mustaqbalka xiisaha hore ee suugaanta. Life iyo Works of Fyodor Dostoevsky waxaa inta badan la aasaasay by deegaanka, halkaas oo ahaa qoraa this.

Mikhail doonaya abtirsan dhaxlo

Mikhail ee 1827 oo ah adeegidda adag oo heer sare ah waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order ee heerka 3aad ee St Anne, iyo sannad ka dib ayaa sidoo kale la sharfay darajo qiimeeyaha collegiate, kaas oo siiyey halka Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee ku abtirsan dhaxlo. aabbe u ahaa qoraa mustaqbalka ahaa ogyahay qiimaha tacliinta sare oo sidaas daraaddeed wuxuu damcay inuu si dhab ah loogu diyaariyo gelitaanka machadyada waxbarashada carruurtooda.

musiibo ee carruurnimada, Dostoevsky

Qoraaga mustaqbalka in uu dhallinyarada ka badbaaday musiibadan in uu tagay calaamad ah tirtiri karin on naftiisa ee Meyeydaan. Waxa uu jecel yahay dareenka childlike of kariya gabadheeda, sagaal sano gabar. Marka, maalinta xagaaga qaylo ayaa yeedhay beerta. Fedor uu dibadda u cararay, oo wuxuu arkay iyada jiifa a dharka cad bakhtiistay on dhulka. Gabar ku tiirsanaa wuxuu haweenka. From ay wada hadalka Fedor ogaaday in mujrim ah ee musiibo ka noqday shanqadh sakhraan ah. Ka dib markii in, waxaan tegey inuu aabbihiis, Laakiinse wuxuu u gargaar ahaa oo aan loo baahan yahay, sababtoo ah gabadhiisi dhimatay.

qoraaga Waxbarashada

Fyodor Mikhailovich helay waxbarashadiisii hore ee dugsi gaar loo leeyahay ee Moscow. Waxa uu in 1838 galay ee ku yaal St. Petersburg Main Engineering School. Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay in 1843 oo noqday injineer military.

Sanadihii kuwa, dugsiga waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah hay'adaha ugu fiican dalka. Waxaa shil yimid dad badan oo caan ah. Dostoevsky ka mid ah saaxiibo in kulliyadda ahayd badan oo talanti, ka dib waxaad fartaan Wannaagga gelin dad si fiican u yaqaan. Waxaa Dmitry Grigorovich (Qoraaga), Constantin Trutovsky (artist), Ilya Sechenov (physiologist), Eduard Totleben (qabanqaabiyaha difaaca ee Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetzky (geesiga Shipka). halkan u barayay sida mid a nidaamo bani'aadamnimada ah oo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, dunida iyo taariikhda qaranka, suugaanta Ruush, rinjiyeynta iyo naqshadaha rayidka ah.

Dhibaatada ka mid ah "nin yar"

bulshada nool ardayda Dostoevsky doorbiday gaarka ah. Reading ahaa dheeldheel jecel. Erudition qoraaga mustaqbalka jiray asxaabtiisa la yaab leh. Laakiin rabitaanka kelinimo iyo astur ee uu qof aan ahaa sifo ah la dhalin. Fyodor Dugsigga wuxuu lahaa adkaysan musiibo ah ee nafta lagu magacaabo "nin yar". Indeed, in dugsigu ardayda intooda badan ay ahaayeen carruur-xafiiseedyada iyo hawl-xafiiseedyada military. Waalidiinta hadiyado macalimiinta, ayna gawrici jireen ma aha. In deegaanka this, Dostoevsky eegay qalaad, oo inta badan u sakhiray in ay cay iyo jees jeesi jireen. In uu maanka lagu guda jiro sano kuwa kacday dareen kibirka ku dhaawacmeen, taasoo ku muuqata in shaqada mustaqbalka ee Dostoevsky.

Laakiin inkastoo dhibaatooyinkan, Fyodor Mikhailovich u suurtagashay in ay hesho aqoonsi iyo saaxiibadiis iyo macalimiinta. All aragnay wakhti badan in ninkan sirdoonka gaar ah iyo awood aad u fiican.

dhimasho aabbihiis

In 1839, July 8, ka apoplexy si lama filaan ah aabbihiis Fyodor dhintay. Waxaa jiray warar xan ah in aanay ahayn geeri dabiici ah - oo uu ku dilay dad camal af badan. Warkaan ayaa naxay Dostoevsky, oo waxaa isaga la markii ugu horeysay ee uu qalal ku dhacay, harbinger ka mid ah mustaqbalka of qallalka, kaas oo Dostoevsky gaaray nolosha oo dhan.

Adeegga sida injineer, oo shuqulladaadii hore

Dostoevsky ee 1843, ka dib ka qalin koorsada, waxaa diiwaangeliso Ururka Dhismaha kooxda injineernimada adeegga ee St. Petersburg, laakiin si kooban waxaa u adeegi jireen. Sannad ka dib wuxuu go'aansaday inuu qayb-qaato hawlaha suugaanta, iyo kacsi xaaraan ah oo haystay muddo dheer. First, wuxuu bilaabay inuu turjumo Classics, sida Balzac. Muddo ka dib waxa ay ahayd fikrad ka novel warqadaha loo yaqaan "dadka saboolka ah." Waxay ahayd shaqada ugu horeysay ee madax banaan, taas oo ka bilaabanayso shaqada Dostoevsky ee. Taasi waxaa xigay sheekooyin iyo tixaha: "Mr. Prokharchin", "Double", "Netochka Nezvanova", "Habeenka White".

Isku daya in la goobada Petrashevists cawaaqib naxdin leh

1847 calaamadeeyay isku daya in la Butashevich-Petrashevsky, kuwaas oo sameeyay "Friday" caanka ah. Waxa ay ahayd horumariyaha iyo taageere ee Fourier. Habeennadaan qoraaga la kulmay gabayaaga Apollonom Maykovym, Alekseem Plescheevym, Aleksandrom Palmom, Sergeem Durovym, iyo sidoo kale ayaadse Saltykov iyo saynisyahan Vladimir Milyutin iyo Nikolaem Mordvinovym. Kulamada waxaa wada hadleen Petrashevists caqiidooyinka hantiwadaagga, qorshayaasha isbedelka kacaan. Dostoevsky ahaa taageere ka mid ah la baabiiyo si degdeg ah serfdom ee Russia.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dowladda bartay of goobada, iyo 1849, 37 ka qaybgalayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan Dostoevsky, iyagoo xabsiga Peter iyo Paul qalcadda. Waxay ahaayeen lagu xukumay dil, laakiin Emperor ka yareeysay muddadii lagu xukumay ah, iyo qoraa la musaafuriyay shaqada adag ee Siberia.

In Tobolsk, oo xabsi ah

Oo wuxuu u kacay Tobolsk on dhaxan daran gawadhi ka furan. Halkan ka naagood oo Decembrists ah, Annenkov iyo Fonvizin booqday Petrashevists. Feat haweenka, kuwaas oo u bogi dalka oo dhan. Waxay siisay mid kasta lagu xukumay sida uu Injiilka, taas oo lacagta ahaa maal. Xaqiiqada ah in maxaabiista aan la oggol yahay in ay leeyihiin kayd ay, sidaas waxaa u jilcincy in muddo ah xaaladaha nololeed ee adag.

In xabsiga qoraaga xaqiiqsadeen sida ay fog rationalistic, fikrad kuteen ah "Masiixiyaddu cusub" ka dareen ah Masiixa, kuwaas oo taageerada - dadka. Fyodor halkan soo saaray cusub "calaamad of iimaanka". Waxay ku salaysan tahay nooca Dadka kiristaanka. Ka dibna, tani ka muuqataa shaqada dheeraad ah Dostoevsky, oo aannu ka dib kuu sheegi doonaa.

dagaal Omsk

Waayo, qoraa, shaqada adag oo afar sanno ah la bedelay ka dib markii adeeg gaar ah markii military. Waxa uu galbiyeen hoos ilaalada ka Omsk in Semipalatinsk. Halkan noloshii iyo shaqadii of Dostoevsky sii. Qoraagu wuxuu u adeegay in booska uu ka caadiga ah, ka dibna la helay darajo sarkaalka. Isagu wuxuu u St. Petersburg soo noqday ilaa iyo dhamaadka 1859.

Publishing ee joornaalada

Wakhtigan, ayaan bilaabay ruuxi baaris Dostoevsky, kuwaas oo 60 sano ku dhamaatay formation of aaminsan yahay qoraa pochvennicheskih. Biography iyo shuqullada Dostoevsky waqtigan by Dhacdooyinka soo socda lagu calaamadeeyay. Writer tan iyo 1861, si wadajir ah ula Michael, walaalkiis, waxay bilaabeen inay u daabacaan magazine ah oo lagu magacaabo "Time", ka dibna waxaa la mamnuuco - "Epoch". Ka shaqeynta on buugaag cusub iyo majaladaha, Fyodor Mikhailovich horumariyo uu view on dhibaatada tiradaasi dadweynaha iyo qoraa ee dalkeenna - Ruush ah, kala duwanaansho ah asalka ah ee hantiwadaagga Christian.

Oo shuqulladaadii hore ee qoraaga ka dib markii shaqada adag

Life iyo Works of Dostoevsky ka dib markii Tobolsk ayaa wax badan ka bedelay. In 1861, waxaa jiray novel ugu horraysay ee qoraaga in uu abuuray ka dib markii shaqada adag this. In shaqo this ( "The caayay iyo dhaawac") muuqata u naxariistay Dostoevsky in ay "dad yar" oo la kulantay by awoodaha noqon dulli weligeed ah. Acquired muhiimada bulsho weyn sida "House of Dhimatay" (sano abuurka - 1861-1863), kaas oo la bilaabay oo ay xabsi kale qoraa. In majaladda "Time" muuqday "Winter Notes on dareenkaa Summer" ee 1863. Waxay Fyodor dhaleeceeyay nidaamka reer galbeedka ee siyaasadda la aaminsan yahay. In 1864 yimid daabaco "Notes ka dhulka hoostiisa mara". Noocan ah qirashada Dostoevsky. In uu shaqo, uu recanted hore uu hadafyada ay.

Dheeraad ah oo ku shaqo Dostoevsky ee

Si kooban u sharax shuqullada kale qoraaga this. In 1866 wuxuu u muuqday novel ah oo lagu magacaabo "Dambiyada iyo cadaab", kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee uu shaqada. In 1868 yimid "The nacas" sheeko, halkaas oo isku day ah waxaa loo sameeyey si ay u abuuraan geesiga wanaagsan, oo khilaafta ugaadhsiga dunida, naxariis lahayn. In 70 sano abuurka FM Dostoevsky sii. Noqday tixaha sida ballaaran ee loo yaqaan "The Waalan" (sanadka daabacaadan - 1871), iyo "Wiilkaan dhalinta yar", taas oo u muuqatay in 1879. "The Brothers Karamazov" - sheeko a, taas oo ahayd shaqo ee la soo dhaafay. Kor buu u soo koobay Dostoevsky. Years novel - 1879-1880. In shaqo this, qof ugu weyn, Alyosha Karamazov, dadka kale laga caawiyo in times of dhibaato iyo silica, hubi in waxa ugu muhiimsan ee nolosheena - dareen dambi dhaaf iyo jacaylka. In 1881, on February 9, Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich ku dhintay St. Petersburg.

Life iyo Works of Dostoevsky si kooban u sharaxay qoraalkan. Waxaan ma dhihi karo in qoraaga had iyo jeer waa xiiso inta kale ee dhibaatada of nin. Qor ku saabsan feature muhiimka ah in ay ahayd shaqo Dostoevsky ayaa, si kooban.

Ninka in qoraaga

Fyodor Mikhailovich inta lagu jiro oo dhan ayaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka fikirayay dhibaatada ugu weyn ee aadanaha - sida in ay ka gudbaan kibirka, taas oo ah kala isha ugu muhiimsan ee dadka. Dabcan, waxaa jira mawduucyada kale ee shaqada Dostoevsky ee, laakiin waxa ay inta badan ku salaysan this. Qoraagu wuxuu rumeysan yahay in wax kasta oo naga mid ah uu awood u leeyahay in la abuuro. Oo waa in ay sidaa sameeyaan, halka ku nool, waxaad u baahan tahay in aad naftaada ku muujiyaan. Related qoraa Qofka naftiisa oo dhan ka dhigeen. Biography iyo hal-abuur ee Dostoevsky waxaa xaqiijiyay.