Kulaylka hawada

kulaylka gaar ah sida qiimaha jirka muujinaya xaddiga tamarta kaamerada loo baahan yahay in la beddelo heerkulka dareeraha ka shaqeeya, hawada kiiskan, si ay hal degree. Awoodda kulaylka hawada si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay ee heerkulka iyo cadaadiska. Xaaladdan oo kale, hababka kala duwan ee loo isticmaali karaa si ay u bartaan noocyada kala duwan ee awoodda kulaylka.

Xisaab ahaan, awoodda kulaylka hawada waxaa lagu qeexay sida ratio of qadarka kulaylka in inremantiga ee ay heerkulka. kulaylka jidhka, isagoo mass a of 1 kg, caadi ahaan loo yaqaan gaar ah. kulaylka gaws gaarka ah ee hawada - awoodda kulaylka per bar oo ah walaxda. Ka muuqata awoodda kulaylka - J / K. The kulaylka gaar gaws, siday u kala horreeyaan J / (mol * K).

awoodda kulaylka la oran karo waa dabeecad u ah jirka ah ee walax, hawada kiiskan, ee kiiska marka cabbirka waxaa lagu fuliyaa ku hoos jira xaalad joogto ah. Inta badan cabbirka, kuwaas oo la fuliyaa at cadaadis joogto ah. Sidaas goostay kulaylka isobaric gaarka ah ee hawada. Waxa uu kordhiyaa heerkulka sii kordhaya iyo cadaadiska, iyo sidoo kale fansaarka toosan ee qiimaha xogta. Xaaladdan oo isbedel heerkulka dhacdaa at cadaadis joogto ah. Si loo xisaabiyo kulaylka gaar at cadaadis joogto ah loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado heerkulka pseudocritical iyo cadaadis. Waxaa la go'aamiyey oo isticmaalaya xogta tixraaca.

awoodda Heat hawada. Features

Air waa isku dar ah gaaska ah. Marka loo arkaa fikradaha soo socda qaatay in thermodynamics. gaaska kasta in ey isku waa in si siman loo qaybiyey oo dhan mugga. Sayidka, mugga gaaska loo siman yahay si mugga isku dar oo dhan. gaaska kasta in ey isku haysto ay cadaadis qayb ahaan in la fulyo on derbiga markabka. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah qaybaha walxo gaaska waa in ay leeyihiin heerkul ka siman yihiin in ay isku dar guud. Wadarta ah cadaadiska qayb dhammaan qaybaha uyeelaysaan kuwo cadaadiska ee isku dar ah. xisaabinta kulaylka hawada gaar ah waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo ay ku saleysan xogta ku saabsan ka kooban walxo gaaska iyo awoodda kulaylka oo ka mid ah qaybaha shakhsiga.

Awoodda kulaylka walax gaar ah lagu tilmaamay. From sharciga ugu horeeya ee thermodynamics waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey karaa in tamarta gudaha ee jirka ku kala duwan yihiin ma aha oo kaliya ku xiran tahay xaddiga kulaylka ahbaa, laakiin sidoo kale by waxqabadka jirka wanaagsanaaday. Under xaaladaha kala duwan socodka hanaanka wareejinta kulaylka, shaqada jirka ee kala duwanaan karaan. Sidaas darteed, jirka fariin la mid ah tirada kulaylka keeni kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo isbedel qiimaha ee heerkulka iyo tamarta gudaha ee jirka. Habkaani waa dabeecadda oo kaliya warbaahinta gaseous. Si ka duwan adkaha iyo dareeraha, walxaha gaseous, aad bay u bedeli kartaa mugga iyo shuqul caadi ah samayn. Taasi waa sababta awoodda kulaylka hawada ay go'aamiso nooca geedi socodka thermodynamic.

Laakiin ma qabtaan shaqada ee mugga hawada joogto ah. Sidaa darteed, isbedelka tamarta gudaha saami la isbeddelka heerkulkiisa. ratio ee kulaylka gaar ah geedi socodka la cadaadis joogto ah kulaylka gaar ah ee habka mugga joogto ah waa qayb ka mid ah caanaha habka adiabatic. Waxaa la muujinaysaa warqad ee gamma Giriigga.

taariikhda

Ereyada "awoodda kulaylka" iyo "qadar kulaylka" waxa aan aad u wanaagsan u qeexaan nuxurka. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqda ah in ay si sayniska casriga ah ee aragtida phlogiston ah, kaas oo ahaa in qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad oo caan yimid. Followers ee aragtida this waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida nooc ka mid ah dugaal walax weightless la helay in meydadka. walax Tani waxaa laga yaabaa in innaba halaagnay midna abuuray. Qaboojinta iyo kuleylka meydadka sharaxay hoos u dhac ama la kordhiyo content ee tamardhac, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waqti ka, aragtida this ayaa lagu dhawaaqey gaba. Iyadu waa inaanay sharixi kartaa sababta isku bedesho mid ka mid ah tamarta gudaha ee jirka waa la helay by isaga u gudbaayo qadar kala duwan ee kulaylka, iyo sidoo kale ku xiran tahay shaqada sameeyey by jidhka.