Kronotsky Reserve iyo xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh isaga ku saabsan. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve waxaa la aasaasay 1934 in Bariga Fog. Its width waa celcelis ahaan 60 km. 243 km u taagay inay aritani.

Readers noqon daneeyn doonaan inay ogaadaan halka ay reserve Kronotsky ah. Waxaa ku yaalla qaybta koonfur bari ee Kamchatka, iska leh maamul ahaan degmada Elizovo gobolka Kamchatka. In magaalada Elizovo waa maamulka reserve.

Wuxuu qaadataa on noocyo kala duwan oo hababka dabiiciga ah iyo muuqaalka meel gaarka ah, kuwaas oo ka mid ah dhulalka Bariga Fog. Description of Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve ah loo soo bandhigi doonaa in this article.

First, wax yar taariikh. Abuuray deegaannada ayaa bilaabay dhowr qarniyo ka hor shaqo ka mid ah xaaladda reserve rasmi ah. Long tan, sida ay markhaatiyaal indhaha ku arkay, faafin xeerkii ilaalinta dabiicadda, inta badan sables, taas oo tiro badan halkan oo uu ku noolaa dadka deegaanka muhiimad weyn. Marka hore, ee 1882, waxa halkaas ka jiray Sobolinsky Reserve. Markaas, ee 1934, waxaa la aasaasay in ay meel Kronotsky.

Reserve maanta - territory ah, taas oo ah qaab geesoolayaasha ah aan joogto ahayn. bedka Its waa qiyaastii lix kun. ^km2.

dhiismeedka

Meesha waa buuraleyda, kaliya on bannaanka xeebta ku yaalaan. reserve Kronotsky - degaanka dabiiciga ah, oo u dhow soohdinta koonfurta-galbeed ee ku jira marno, laba ka mid ah, kuwaas oo hadda (iyo Unana Taunishits). Its qaab toobinta iyo height sidoo kale u taagan bakhtiyeen Kronotsky (sare - 3528 m), taas oo ah kii labaad oo kaliya in ay Kamchatka buuraha leh oo muhiim ah. Kronotsky Reserve ayaa glaciers badan, kaas oo mashquulin 14 kun oo hektar. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin size a quruxsan cajiib ah, iyo kuwo kale - qaab xiiso leh. Tusaale ahaan, sitoos Tyushevskii in kor dhererka ilaa 8 km. Geysers iyo ilaha biyaha oo kulul ku yaalaan meelaha niyadjab.

Caldera Uzon

Caldera Uzon waa jiidashada ugu weyn ee shay sida Reserve Kronotsky ah. Waxaa kacay ka xaqiiqda ah in dhagaxyadii ku dhacay, la xirrira ah qaab dhismeedka wareeg ah u hooseeya. Waxaa jira tiro badan oo ah harooyinka qabow iyo diiran. The ugu weyn ka mid ah kuwan waa: qabow iyo diiran Fumarolnoye Dhexe. Rocky iyo dhaadhacyadii uga yaacday hoose oo Caldera ah. lid Dibadda, ciqaabtiisa. Waxay guurto banka wayn. Griffins awood badan yihiin in qayb ka mid dhexe ee Caldera iyo masaf ka buuxsada biyaha kulul, iyo dheriyo dhoobada (tus, Sculptor oo 3 ilbidhiqsi kasta "wasakhahaasi" qaababka eg Rose). Waxaas oo dhan - goobaha gaar ah dabiiciga ah ee reserve Kronotsky.

The Valley ee Geysers

Waxaa soo jiita Kamchatka Valley ee Geysers qarsoodiga iyo qurux. Gaar ahaan cajiib ah sanqadhaya oo biyo ah, iyo webiyaasha iyo furaha la algae badan leh midab badan, midabka ah ee oo kala duwan madow in ay orange iyo cagaar. Its quruxduna waa cajiib p dhac. Qeylo badan. biyaha ay ka height a of 80 mitir oo ku dhici. Si aad u taariikhda, dooxada biyo gantaal ah River waxaa jira 22 geysers firfircoon. Dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin waxaa wareegga gaarka ah ee hawlaha iyo magaca. Isha (magaca biyo gantaal ah) waa wanaagsan yahay, sababtoo ah waxaa ka dhacay 17 daqiiqo kasta. Laakiin nin weyn, madaxa geysers ah, ka dhigaysa in uu "qaab" in ay kor u sugaan ilaa shan saacadood. The ugu weyn ee Kamchatka waa Rafaa a. Kronotsky reserve - meel ay jiraan aan degganayn, geysers siman, koorta pink New Isha, Isha, Double, luul, iyo sidoo kale ilaha biyaha oo kulul sida sabayn, Malachite Grotto iyo kuwa kale.

Nin wuxuu ahaa dooxadii Geysers markii ugu horeysay, arkay dhacdhaco fantastic. Waa inay booqdaan haddii oo kaliya dhisneyn ciyaarihii fiicnaa ee Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Description of Dooxadii Geysers waa ay adag tahay si uu u gudbiyo in erayada. Adduunka waxaa si dhalanteed, waxa ay u muuqataa sida haddii aad tahay adduunyo kale. Waxaa jira midabo in ay yihiin gebi ahaanba lagu gartaa muuqaalka dhulka - ku saabsan asalka ah ee geed cilin cagaaran, iyo sidoo kale caleenta geedaha - guduud, casaan, brown, midabka dhulka la dubay dhoobo. urta hawada baaruud iyo uumi la cokan ilaa iyo xad. Qiyaastii goobooyin oo dhan, hisses iyo boogo! kululeeyaha waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar, marno underfoot dhoobo karaya iyo dhulka. Waxaad ma aan tegi karo tallaabo hal off raad - Gubaa. Of iyo meelaha dillaacsan karisid, kaas oo "off" geysers yar.

Waa doorka wanaagsan ee geedi socodka Kobenhagen in la kordhiyo heerkulka a of berkadood, taas oo soo jiidata ee xilliga qaboobaha waterfowl iyo waterfowl ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale waxbay ushafeeci idanka iyo ido bighorn. Isla mar ahaantaana, ay sabab u tahay gaasas Kobenhagen sumowga dilay tiro badan oo ah nuujiya iyo Shimbiraha degganaa Reserve Kronotsky ah. Tusaale ahaan, in Dhimashada Valley inta badan ka heli xoolaha dhintay. Waxay soo jiitaan ka qaraabta sidaana of bahal oo waaweyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si aad u hesho ka soo baxday inay xayawaankaas suurtogal ma aha.

Berkadood kaydka ah

Waxaa jira in ka badan 800 oo berkadood kaydka ah. Waxay ka koobnaan ku saabsan 3% aagga guud ilaaliyo. Old Semyachik webiga barwaaqaysan yahay in qaybta koonfureed ee reserve ah. Webiyaasha ugu weyn waa Bogachevka iyo Kronotsky. dhererka kama dambaysta ah ee 39 kiilomitir. Waxaa soo socota ka Kronotsky Lake iyo foomamka jasiiradaha iyo oxbows badan. Bogachevka oo dherer ah u dhaafa. Oo dhererkeedu yahay 72 km oo qoto dheer yahay 1.2-1.5 m. webiga waxa uu leeyahay dabeecad buurta caadiga ah. Waxay ka da.ay, dillaac iyada oo qeybaha sare ee dalcadaha yaacday ilaa, dhulka laga fariisiyo xilliga qaboobaha.

harooyinka badan oo reserve dabiiciga ah. qotada dheer The - Kronotskoye. Waxay u ekaan dulmar ah ee saddex xagalka ah oo labaale ah.

reserve cimilada

territory waxaa iska leh xeebta Pacific ee Chukotka on gobollada cimilada. Waxa asaasay sarkhaansan yihiin cimilada ee Badweynta Pacific. Its formation ayaa sidoo kale saamayn ku gargaarka buuraleyda dhulka this. Summer kaydka waa qabow oo qoyan, la ceeryaanta cufan iyo meelsare oo soo noqnoqda iyo dabaylo iftiin xagga koonfureedba. In xilliga dayrta waa cimilada diiran oo qalalan la fara badan qorax. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilliga qaboobaha bilaabmaa November. Waxaa lagu gartaa dabaylo xoog badan oo qabow, mararka qaarkood gaarey xoog duufaan, iyo sidoo kale baraf. Under saameynta ay kuli bilaabmaa cimilada diiran guga. Tani waa run gaar ahaan loogu talagalay dooxooyinka webiga buurta cidhiidhi iyo dhaadhacyadii uga yaacday.

ciidda

Ciidda dhulka ee reserve sameeyay sarkhaansan yihiin waxqabad Kobenhagen. isbedel ciidda Joogtada ah ee ka caawisaa in helitaanka dambas iyada. Sababo la this waxa ay sidoo kale waxaa cokan leh macdanta. carradu noocan oo kale ah waxay leeyihiin permeability sare biyaha iyo dastuurka dabacsan, kaas oo ah mid aad u wanaagsan, waayo koritaanka dhirta kala duwan.

noocyada Plant kaydka ah

600 nooc oo dhirta vascular laga helay kayd ah, iyo sidoo kale 113 nooc oo lichens. Waxaa ka mid ah dhif run difazistrum Sitka, planus, kaas oo la helay on dhagaxyada dhexdooda. In reserve waxaa jira 85 nooc oo bryophytes, 6 - ferns. iyaga ka mid ah waxaad ka heli kartaa noocyada dhif ah sida sii kordhaya ee seeraha qoyan palustris Thelypteris, Dooxadii Geysers - spleenwort cut-baxay, dhagaxyada xeebta Pacific - spleenwort cagaaran, iyo sidoo kale cryptogram qoran, sii kordhaya on meelaha dhagaxa ah.

Pinus pumila foomamka jiqda goob ballaaran. Meelaha qaarkood kaydka ah waxaad ka heli kartaa oo berooshka ah xarrago leh iyo gran Ayan. Waxaa socdaa illaa 25 mitir ee height, iyo da'da laga yaabaa in 300 sano jir. Waxa kale oo xiiso leh in la hooska-dulqaad. beroosh quruxsan laga heli karaa on degaanka koonfur-bari ka. Waa warshad ah ornamental iyadoo qabta taajkii toobinta qurux badan.

dhirta, daawooyinka, ubaxa

At reserve ee dhirta, daawooyinka la helay: voskovik dareemay isagoo caraf resinous, iyo ploskolistnaya bax. In Goltsova kordhaya zone loo yaqaan Rhodiola rosea, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan xididka dahab ah. Rue Thunberg, noocyada dhif ah, sii kordhaysa ee kaymaha ee Erman. Waxa kale oo jira waa geed canab ah oo Woody, daboolay cirka-buluug, iyo ubaxyo guduud. The biyagaleenka ahuba iyo balliyada helay zheltotsvetkovaya marigold sabayn. trifoliate Goldthread leh ubaxyo caddaan iyo caleemo cagaar madow ku nool bogs ajada. ubax Bright qaybaha kala duwan ee Dhuldhoobo buurta, quruurux, dhagaxyada, iyo durdurrada dushooda dhagax weyn, bogs Peat iyo meelaheeda dhoobada taagan warshad calaamada ah. Blooms on dalcadaha furan xabo oo gurguurta. Dad badan oo ku jira dhirta reserve Heather in u istaagaan soo baxay for midabada ay dhalaalaya in qaybaha kala duwan ee. 4 noocyada kala duwan ee violets sidoo kale waa wax caadi ah, taas oo midabo - ka cad in buluug. waxaa laga heli karaa mid ah Patriots berry iyo karamberriga dhiiqo, cranberries yar oo caadi ah.

Kaliya hal nooc oo ka mid ah geedaha safsaf gaaraan height ah 25 mitir. Tani safsaf Sakhalin. The dhirta haray - xoortay.

Waxay u taagan dheer ee Angelica bearish, taasoo gaadho height ah 2-3 mitir. V. sun ah si toos ah u koraan in biyaha.

Wakiilada u ekaayeen ubax waxaa lagu gartaa qurux gaar ah. Laga helay kayd ah u ekaayeen ubax madow iyo guduud, iyo guduud-cas oo dhalaalaya cad. Halkan waxa kale oo aad ka heli kartaa dhirta madaxtooyada ka tirsan qoyska orchid ah. Tusaale ahaan, in webiga sare. Biyo gantaal ah ayaa laga helay ubax gaar ah. Waxaa spiranthes Shiinaha. Wuxuu inflorescence spirally qaloocin, waxaa jira ubaxyo casaan dhalaalaya yar.

reserve ayaa ka mid ah noocyada dhif ah oo ku qoran Kitaabka Red yahay, waxaa ka mid ah: berooshka ah iyo xarrago macranthon kabaha.

Xayawaanka ee ku nool degaanka

dubato reserve Kronotsky waa mid aad u kala duwan, weli liita inta kale ee halabuurka nooc oo Kamchatka ah. Tan waxa u sabab ay goobta. Tusaale ahaan, ku dubato amphibian kaydka ka wakiil kaliya salamander Siberian. Ma jiraan wax gurguurta ee degaanka.

noocyada qaarkood waxay leeyihiin taariikh aad u xiiso badan ee wax lays ee Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Tusaale ahaan, a geed madow iyo jiriqsiga yar longhorn filaan ah halkan qoriga helay. Wuxuu u muuqday in Uzon daafaca maraakiibta helicopter fin. fin waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida safarka shidaalka baabuurta la dhigto.

shimbiraha

Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve - aag in uu leeyahay 69 deegaanada reer seabirds. Intaba tiro lund, Cam ayaa Pacific, guillemot xamaam, xeebajoogta Berin. Waxaa sidoo kale laga helay tiro aad u hooseeyo wakiilada sida Serdan Cam ayaa glaucous-caynkiisa, murre caadiga ah iyo guumaysgeesaleyda. Gaar ahaan xiiso leh waa lund ah. shimbir Tani waa brown midabka, dhexdhexaad ah oo leh af dhuuban cas, wax badan simay dhinacyada. indhaheedii bay Behind waa baadad cad. Tani xiiso buulal shimbir in Burrows taas oo qodaa ciidda jilicsan on dushooda dhagaxyada. dhagaxyada ayaa sidoo kale diiqu buul, swifts belopoyasnye, Steller ee gorgor badda iyo mohonogy Konyukov.

In layna Kronotsky ee Olga Bay, taas oo aan marnaba laga fariisiyo, waxaa jira 1.5 kun oo shimbiraha. Tiro iyaga ka mid ah u dega: Pacific scoter madow, duck dheer-iibsatay lacagihii, Eider, scoter aboodiga-dheggan yahay, duck harlequin. halkan badan oo sida diiqu iyo gulls.

harooyinka Dhuldhoobo kaneecada degi: grebe cas adag, wewelsiiya cas-throated, pintail waqooyiga, wigeon, Buluug, kurpan jillaab-dheggan yahay, scoter madow, gulls buluug-cawlan oo madow-madax. Waxaa buulal in tiro yar guumaysgeesaleyda whooper, taas oo uu noqday dhif.

libaaxyo badda iyo afaer badda

At Cape Kozlov ee 1942, waxaa jiray in ka badan kun libaaxyo badda, iyo sidoo kale dhowr boqol oo dheeraad ah si ay Western Cape. Tirada xoolaha, kuwaas oo maanta shaqsiyaadka kaliya 700. Waxay ka tirsan yihiin noocyada dhif ah, iyo libaaxyo badda ku qoran yihiin kitaabka Cas ee Russia. Waxay hadda ka yar tahay ilaalinta gaarka ah.

otarka badda waa deggan hooyo of East Kamchatka, soohdimaha ay. Qarnigii 19-kii dadka ee noocyada this ahaa mid aad u sarreeya, laakiin in qarnigii 20aad, waxa uu ahaa si buuxda u jiheysteen. Haddaba afaer badda ayaa ku soo laabtay on iyaga u gaar ah in dabiicada Reserve Kronotsky State. Waxay tirin kaliya oo ku saabsan 120 xoolaha.

shaabadood Ringed iyo shaabadihiisa caadi degi biyaha xeebta ah ee reserve ah. Waxay ku qoran yihiin sida go'aya.

xayawaanka Large Kronotsky reserve

Deerada ku nool strip xeebaha dooxada. Waxaa jira ee dawaco ugaadhsiga, wolverine, ermine. In Kamchatka guriga in midabada dhalaalaya oo dawacaas u size waaweyn,. On yagodnikovyh Dhuldhoobo dabayaaqadii July, quudinta orso. Ku nool strip xeebta ah ee ido bighorn in ay ku quudiyaan ku xoortay geedihii la heli karo iyo cows, algae feed on xeebta. Tirada dhaca Deerada Kamchatka hadda waa heer muhiim ah. Mid ka mid ah ujeeddooyinka ugu muhiimsan waa in loo ilaalin lahaa ay dib u soo celinta. Kamchatka marmot - ciduna degganayn oo kale ah ee buuraleyda ah, oo ku nool on meelaha cawska gaaban.

Species ku nool kamennoberezovikah

ka mid ah noocyada ugu degganu ay kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Woodpecker lagu arkay Small, greenfinch Gray safashada, bullfinch, Yurok, pestrogrudaya iyo flycatcher cas-naasaha, cabeebka cirro, kuwii dhegahala'aana wax bluetail cas-fadhiyo iyo Common Cuckoo, capercaillie, woodpecker saddex toona. Halkan buulkeeda ka bahal goshawk, hiwaayad, ayaa gorgorraduna badda. Tiro badan oo noloshooda Okhotsk cricket.

Sable, orso brown

Bahal taagan Sable, kaas oo ku shaqeeya by voles, digaagduur ka cad, passerines yar, berry Rowan, Patriots iyo siksa, cilin nuts geed. Sables halka yaraynta xaddiga cuntada ay bilaabaan in ay gaajo iyo mushaaxaan in uu baaris. Mararka qaarkood waxaa soo baxday galay socdaalka weyn aagga. In search of xayawaanka cuntada waxaa si dhammaaday sannadihii la soo dhaafay in ay tuulooyinka u tagaan, badiyay cabsi dadka, iyo in qashinka raadinaya hadhuudh ah. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve - territory on taas oo orso faafinta brown. Isagu waa ka noocyada kale ee size aad u ballaaran oo kala duwan.

xayawaanka kale

Olive Cabeebka ku nool kaymaha dooxada krupnostvolnyh of Peninsula Kamchatka ah. reserve Kronotsky deggan sidoo kale bakaylaha, degganaa dooxooyinka webiga. Waxay buul ee grosbeak larch iyo ninba. Waxa kale oo jira woodpecker barbaraha weyn iyo shrike-Shrike. Tanu waa meesha kaliya ee reserve ah, halkaas oo nolosha protein ah.

kalluunka

Ku dhawaad bezrybny Wabiyaal cad oo dhulka ka hor baxsad salmon weyn. biiro Tani - hortooda ah oo qurux badan, sababtoo ah tiro badan oo kaluun ah, dhalaalaysa ee qorraxda, dabaalan biyo gabi ahaanba cad. Waxaa soo jiidata shimbiraha sida goldeneye, duck harlequin, a mergansers weyn oo dheer-dheggan yahay, scaup.

Gofer iyo marmot

gofer Bering gaadho tirada sare ee cagta ee loo yaqaano Kobenhagen. marmots Kamchatka ku nool qulqulka dhagax dab ah.

Ku biirista reserve Koryak

Dhowaan, ee April 2015, ku lifaaqan Reserve Koryak ku Kronotsky. Sayidka, dambe ballaariyeen xuduudaha. Waxay ku taallaa ee degmooyinka gobolka Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina iyo. Waxaa la abuuray 1995 si loo ilaaliyo xilliga kulaylaha goobood, duulimaadka iyo waterfowl dhan lafaguro adag, oo ku yaalla North Kamchatka ah. Webiyada sababo ay arkaayo weyn ee salmon. Waa la badbaadiyey dalka reer reserve waa mid ka mid ah dadka ugu badan ee Galaydhka ka Ruush peregrine, ilaalinta oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa heer caalami ah.