Kalluumaysiga Artisanal: Qeexidda, noocyada. farsamada gacanta

kalluumaysiga Artisanal - waa in la abuuro gaar ah, ka fikradda asalka ah ee alaabta loo isticmaalo nolol maalmeedka iyo abuuray gacmaha sayidkiisa.

Waa maxay macnaha shaqada Buuggan nin

Si aad u xariif - fursad ay ku riday abuurka gaar ah, oo uu ku arkay in riyooyinkiisii. Waa dhameysatay cabbudhinayo iyo taxaddar faahfaahin kasta, si ay ugu dambaysta waxaa soo baxay kaamil ah.

Waayo, wax iibsadaa waxay - fursad ay ku iibsadaan alaabta shakhsiga la buuxiyey jacayl iyo nolol wanaagsan, ku muujiyey aqoonsiga qofka iibsaday wax hendmeyd ah.

Taariikhda ah ee farsamada gacanta

shaqada farsamada gacanta muuqday la ah ee dadka ku abuuray dhulka. Waxyaabaha loo sameeyey, had iyo jeer waxay ahaayeen in dalabka, laakiin qofka sida ugu badan ee ay ka shaqeynayaan doonayeen inay ku dar qayb bilicsanaanta. Iyadoo uu sal u this ugu horeysay shaqeeyo xeerarka aan qornayn in la soo maray hoos uga sayidkiisa in arday. Best bedesheen. Saasaana loogu sameeyay xeerkoodu degaanka qaar ka mid ah. Dhaqanku maray ka ab ka ab, ilaalinta sirta iyo cuntada. kalluumaysiga Artisanal halkaas oo tuulo oo ku yaalla magaalada halkaas oo qoyska oo dhan ayaa waxaas samaynaya caga isla, ka faa'iidaysanaya si qallafsan hababka isku, laakiin samaynta fikirrada gaarka ah sida ugu wanaagsan oo qayb ka ah xeerka in ay qurxiyaan ama badali kartaa qaabka. Inta badan waxyaabaha ay ahaayeen qardhaasaha shaqeeyaan, sababtoo ah awowayaashayo dhab ahaantii aaminsan yahay in Ciidamada ka sarraysa. Waxay wax lagu eedeeyay in ay tamar wanaagsan, oo nafta wuu soo gelinaya in ay abuurista. In wax soo saarka mass, waxba ma aha si uu u bedelo.

Farshaxan Russia qadiimiga ah

In magaalooyinka Poseda ilaa sancaynta duulaankii Mongol soo saaray bir iyo bir hubka, faasas, chisels, sickles, qufulada, furayaasha. Jewelers qabtay Biraha non-ferrous, oo dahab ah, oo lacag ah, copper iyo naxaas ah qurxinta sameeyey. In uu studio shaqeeya looxiisa, dheryodhoobyadii, wastaadyo. Farsamo loola dhaqmo maqaar iyo dhogorta, qori. Sidaas horumarinta kalluumaysiga artisanal ee muddada pre-Mongol. Laakiin ka dib markii duulaankii ee Batu wax walba oo la burburiyay, iyo farsamo badan afduub loo haystaa maxaabiis, iyo qarnigii a horumarinta hakad farsamada gacanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si tartiib ah oo la luminta xirfadaha iyo waxyaalaha qarsoon ee farsamada gacanta bilaabay in la soo celiyo, oo ahayd sidii looga baahan yahay nolosha.

Noocyada farsamada gacanta

Kuwani waa noocyada farshaxanka dad, kaas oo si cad u dhaqan qaranka arki karo. Waxay waxa loo qaybin karaa:

• rinjiyaynta on dhoobada, biraha, papier-mache, qoryo,
• waxyaabaha ka soo dhar, in uu yahay, noocyada kala duwan ee bobbin shalash, cimaamado hoos, oo rinji cas,
• alaabta dhoobada iyo qori,
• alaabta birta ah - loo shubay, oo saldhigyo.

In jiho waxa ay kalluumaysiga cooshado ee Russia. Haddaba noocyadan abuurka lagu baadhi karaa si faahfaahsan.

Gzhel

Toddoba iyo labaatan tuulo oo u dhow Moscow waxay ahaayeen milkiilayaasha mid ah waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah - pottery dhoobo. Iyo wax soo saarka pottery bilaabay, qadiimiga ah noo sheeg oo ku saabsan toddoba qarni ka hor. Waxa ay ahayd adag, iyo alaabta unglazed fudud lagu wareejiyay iyaga lagu daboolay midda cad, ka dibna hannaankii la xabagta buluug Cobalt buufin. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, u isticmaal burush ee dhogorta Dabagaale of dhexroor kala duwan lagu sameeyo. Dhowr ka mid ah midabo kala rinjiga waxaa laga codsadaa in ay hal dhinac oo burushka. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad si ay u abuuraan iyo, meelaha midabka madow cokan iyo hooskii iftiinka. Waa xirfad la halkaas ku baray Gzhel. artist dhoobada ma aha tin ah ee ay ku soo celiyaan, hannaankii iyo saartaa saxiixaaga u gaar ah, kaas oo swirls iyo isku sharraxdid kaliya jeclaan.

Zhostovo

tuulada A dhow Moscow, halkaas oo ay ku dhawaad laba boqol oo sannadood rinjiga iyo waxa daasadda baakidh beerta iyo ubax duurjoogta ah ku saabsan asalka madow ama midab leh. artist helo sawir ah, ee ay soo naqshadeeye oo uu bilaabo inuu la xarunta shaqeeyaan, waxa buuxinta la Ubax waaweyn in xagga nuurkiisa yaabka leh. Miyuu qarsoon ay ka sayidyadiinna ah.

Fedoskino

tuulada Tani ma aha ilaa hadda ka Moscow, halkaas oo uu rinji laabta iyo sanduuqyada of papier-mache sameeyey. farshaxankiisa Ghadafi la rinjiga saliid laambadda lagu la yaab leh. saamayn Tani waa la helay, waayo, dusha ka hor rinjiyeynta codsatay caleen dahab iyo hooyaday ah oo ganac.

Khokhloma

Sheekada ayaa sheegay in uu yahay midaysan laba xirfadaha - jeestay fijaan vytachivanie, sanduuqyada, iyo malgacadihii, iyo Bratin Old Muslinka walxood xirfadaha. The varnish "nigis" dahaarka si joogta ah ay suuxaan budada aluminium, ka dibna gacanta iyada oo aan ku cel-celinta wax, rinjiyeeyay saliidaha, ka dibna dabooli dhowr lakab oo varnish, oo la engejiyey in foorno. Sidaas dhigi dahab Khokhloma.

dhoobada

farsamada weel si fiican u matalayay alaabta lagu Dhoobo. Waxay ka samaysan yihiin meelo badan oo ka mid ah dalka. Gaar ahaan caan ku Dymkovo tuulada kalluumaysiga sida ee gobolka Kirov ah. In gobolka Arkhangelsk ah in industry toy Kargopol ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa arrin qoys. The tirada ugu caansan ahaa Polkan - uun cirfiid-Sheeko sida eey oo kale iyo nin la epaulettes. In tuulada gobolka Tula gabdhaha Filimonovo ka foorida dhoobo qabanqaabiyey, lacag ururinta iyo yarad doonaysaan laftiisa, iyo nimankii la samaynaya suxuunta. Alaabta aan glaze (terracotta qaab saafi ah) oo jirka ku sameeyey gobolka Stary Oskol Belgorod. Dhammaan alaabta lagu ciyaaro - waa handmade. In aan ku xuso, laambadihii, iyo dheriyo, Kvasnikov, loox saacadood lagu shido, oo la abuuro ammaan ee gobolka Skopin Ryazan.

shalash

In Russia, qiimeeyo Vologda, Yelets iyo Mtsensk shalash, kaas oo had iyo jeer daba bobbin. Waa handmade oo dhan.

Kasli shubay

In Urals ah, in Kasli tuuray xabbadood la yaab leh oo bir ah ee kabka. Marka ay laga iibsan karaa dukaamada. Haddaba wax soo saarka this gaar ah, oo weligoodba sii jirayaan, iyadoo si taxaddar leh faahfaahin waayay ka khaanadaha, oo waxaa laga yaabaa in kaliya laga helo dukaamada.

Production of yaalla yar oo alaabta

Ama haddii kale waxaa loo yeedhi karaa by ereyga "warshadaha aqalada." Maalmahan, habkan sameeyey dhar naqshadeeye, tusaale ahaan. warshadaha Cottage - waxay sidoo kale waa shuqulkii jewelers, dejiyeyaasha alaabta guriga. Noocan ah hawlaha ku lug leh kala hawlgallada. Tusaale ahaan, in soo saaridda ee Zhostovo saxaarad qof ka dhigaysa isu baakidh of muuqaalo kala duwan, qaar ka mid ah iyaga daboolaya varnish, qof midabeeyo. wax la mid ah ka dhacaya Gzhel, Khokhloma, Skopin, kor ku xusan.

Russia waa mid aad u hodan ku yahay talanti, hab asalka iyo waxyaabaha handmade tayo sare leh.