Horumarinta cilmiga ee Russia

History of cilmiga ee Russia waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan 19veka 60meeyadii. Waxay ahayd waqti this, dadweynaha akhriska iyo bulshada cilmiyeed ugu horraysay ogyahay turjumaadda qoraallo iyo buugaag Comte. cilmiga Ruush baahsan si adag joojiyey faafreeb oo ka mid ah fikradaha Comte, iyo sidoo kale la'aan xiiso positivism dibadda uu dhintay ka dib. ruxruxo A of "reading labaad" ee Auguste Comte, qabsadey dalalka horumaray iyo kuwa France, iyo Russia qabtay. wargeysyada The "erayga Ruush", "Notes of Fatherland ah" "casriga ah",, iwm articles waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan on the cilmiga iyo Comte, qoray aayadaha Lesevichem, P. L. Lavrovym, D. I. Pisarevym.

kaalin weyn horumarinta cilmiga ee Russia sameeyey sociologists Ruush hore, aasaasayaasha sayniska Qaaree'ax Yuzhakov, Mikhailovsky, Lavrov iyo kuwa kale. Waxa ay qayb ka tahay horumarka cilmiga ee Russia, la xirrira in ay hab gaar ah si ay aqoonta iyo waxbarasho ee ifafaale bulshada. Waxay u arkaan bulshada iyada oo loo marayo soo askunmay ee dhaqanka ah oo ay shakhsiyaad, gaar ahaan dadka ku howl-gasha, horumariyo, firfircoon - hab shakhsi ahaan. Mid ka mid ah shuqulladii N. K. Mihaylovskogo la odhan jiray - "Heroes iyo dadkii badnaa". Horumarinta cilmiga in Russia ay astaan arrimaha soo socda: ah ee shakhsiyadda aadanaha ee noocyada xayawaanka, horumarka bulshada iyo qaybsiga shaqada, ratio ee horumarinta dabiiciga ah iyo bulshada ee bulshada, saamaynta on horumarka gudbikaraa oo dhaqaale.

Sociology ee Russia by bilowgii qarnigii 20aad ayaa guulaha qaar ka mid ah. Horumarinta cilmiga ee Russia wakhtigaas waxaa ay astaan u ballaarinta of kala duwan ee dhibaatooyinka bartay dhacaan meelaha soo socda: nafsi ah, juquraafi, waxyaalaha. Wakhtigan cilmiga Ruushka uu bilaabo inuu saamayn horumarka ka mid ah cilmiga muddo dheer la aasaasay: taariikhda, sharciga, falsafada iyo kuwa kale ee cilmiga bulshada.

Haddii aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan heerarka kala duwan ee horumarka cilmiga ee Russia, wajiga koowaad waxaa laga yaabaa in si fiican ayaa loo saarin formation, dhalashada cilmiga ee Russia, kuwaas oo ka soo 60 ilaa 90 sano ee qarnigii 19aad socday. Waxay ahayd waqti this faafin fikradaha cilmiga, la aasaasay jihada oo fikirka ah cilmiga, oo wuxuu yeeshay xididdo sayniska Ruush.

Sociology in muddo Russia ka 90 sano ee qarnigii 19aad in ay 20 ee qarnigii 20aad, tixgeliyaa sida marxaladda labaad ee horumarinta - waxaa jira dhidibada, ie ay aqoonsi by bulshada iyo dawladda, abuuritaanka hay'ado sayniska, waaxaha iyo kala qaybsanaanta .. aasaaskii bulshada iyo joornaalada sayniska, iwm

Marka marxaladdan ee horumarinta cilmiga ee Russia ka dhacay iskaashi dhow la leh shisheeye, kuwaas oo cilmiga Yurub.

Waxaa murugo leh, in 1920. sameeyay fikrad kale oo taxadar iyo cadowga ku ah cilmiga bulshada by madaxda Soviet bilaabmaa. Waxaa buuxiya tallaabo this dhow hay'adaha cilmiga, iyo sociologists la views non-Markis iyo waxbaristiisa soo hijrooday Russia, ama soo diray in xeryaha si "dib-u-waxbarasho". Tan iyo 1922, waaxdu waxay la xiray iyo tababar stop in cilmiga jaamacadaha la xiray cafimaadkaba Society, ku salaysan M. M. Kovalevskim.

Heerka saddexaad ee cilmiga Ruush ahaa "madow" iyo 1920-socday. ilaa 1950. Muddadan, cilmiga helo qoraalka ee "sayniska ganacsade" iyo xilka falsafada Markis-Lennin iyo shuuciyad sayniska.

dhidibada qayb New bilaabay oo kaliya ka dib markii "nidaam shakhsiyadda" cambaareeyay Stalin, laakiin waxaa joojiyey by horumarinta cilmiga of CPSU iyo, iyadu ma ay heli qaybinta ballaaran ee bulshada.

Modern, marxaladda afraadna 1980 oo ay astaan u tahay horumarka deg deg ah ee Ruush cilmiga. Sociology helo xaaladda sayniska madax banaan oo lagu barto dhammaan dugsiyada Ruush.

Ka dib markii ay marayaan dhammaan heerarka horumarka cilmiga ee Russia aannu u aragno in uu leeyahay in ka badan qarniyo badh. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in ay tahay mid ka mid ah sayniska si degdeg ah horumarinta, si tartiib ah u reebtay ka dhimman aqoonta ku saabsan xidhiidhka bulshada iyo bulshada, waxa aan si tartiib ah kor u qaadaan dugsiga qaranka ee cilmiga ee dalalka horumariyo kuwaas oo hore u tegey.