Hazelnut "Trebizond": description ee kala duwan, gaar ahaan beerista, dhalidda

Looma baahna in la yidhaahdo badan oo ku saabsan nuts iyo sharax sababta qeedhin si waxtar leh si aadanuhu. Inta badan naftooda u ogaado. Positive tayada qeedhin ayaa lagu xusay dadkii degganaa oo ka mid ah caalamka dhowr qarni ka hor. Dadka soo ururiyey, la warshadeeyey oo uu u cunay caws, berry, oo xididdada, nuts, iyaga samaynta xoog badan jidhka, iyo habka difaaca jirka ka xasilloon.

Maanta dhaqanka this waxaa si firfircoon kaymo ee Gobolka. Hazelnut "Trebizond" waxa laga iibsan karaa dukaamada, inkastoo nuts tayo waa qaali.

Sidee si ay u koraan iyo daryeelka dhirta waa la fuliyay iyo haddii aad ka heli kartaa dalagga tayada guriga baadiyaha ah, isku day in aad dhammaan la wada garto.

Beerista of qeedhin sida qayb muhiim ah oo hawlaha warshadaha

In dalalka Yurub technology ee beerashada ee Stam qeedhin (qoryo) ka America yimid. Qaabkan ugu horrayn ee beerashada, dhalidda boqolkiiba sababtoo ah hal-taaj tuso dhowr jeer ka badan sida cawbaar. Tan waxa u sabab koror degdeg ah heerka dhalidda. Waxaa la xusay in geedaha 5-6-sano jir ah siiyaan qashin sare oo ku filan leh unug qiyaas taaj siman.

At shtambovyh lowska dalagyada index qiimaha dhulka qayb ka yar dhirta koritaanka, kaas oo ku kordhinaya ah mechanization ee ugu muhiimsan ee qayb ka mid ah shaqada, ku tilmaamay weyn kakanaanta, - nuts nadiifinta, kaas oo keena qiyaastii 47% oo ka mid ah kharashka la xidhiidha ganacsiga beerista of nuts.

Hazelnut dalka

The hantida waa dhammaataan ku habboon tahay wax kasta oo nooca ciidda dhigeysaa hazelnut "Trebizond" ku haboon beerashada, ma aha oo kaliya ganacsi, laakiin sidoo kale uu dacha. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa faa'iido u ah dhul dhagax ah, halkaas oo aan la sii kordhaya khudaarta (qajaarka iyo yaanyada) for beerista of walnut. Hazelnut koraan halkaas oo waa ay adag tahay in ay dalka ku jeexin iyo si ay u fuliyaan waraabiyo sariiraha ah. Tan waxa u sabab ah dhegyadii dhirta iyo sifooyinka botanical. In kasta oo dhirta on ciidda yar, geedka uu wali muujinayaa heer sare ah wax soo saarka.

The technology ee beerashada ee qeedhin

xaaladda dhaqaale ee hadda maamulka gacan ka beerista ganacsi ee qeedhin. Sidaa darteed, si loo horumariyo wax soo saarka hufnaanta nuts baahi loo qabo in shaqada on xoogga kuwa dhibaatooyin kuwaas oo xal hogaanka si la hubo stably sare dhalidda iyo wax soo saarka oo tayo leh.

Waxaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha mudnaanta ee nuts technology beerista hazelnut "Trebizond" design qoreysa dhirta.

Muujiyeyaasha sida width iyo height of taajkii, go'aamiyo ay mugga. In cilmi muddo 24 bilood ah isbedel sida dhacaan: mugga formirovke noocyo baadiyaha taaj hazelnut loo yaqaan "Trebizond" waxaa kordhay 1.35 m ^3, formation of geedka - 3,22 m ^3.

Wakiilada shtambovoy formirovki "Tree" show ah oo si weyn u kordhay sare oo ka mid ah taaj, oo rumayn sare processability of a dhaqanka marka la barbar dhigo kula gacanta muunad.

Beerista noocyo tixgeliyo baadiyaha hazelnut qaab koror kala duwan oo yar yar ay sabab u tahay taaj dayaca iyo provetrivaemosti sii daraysa baadiyaha. Waxaa la xusay in ay duurka la formation badan oo dogob, ugxan-dumi firfircoon, tirada midho madhan kor ku xusan, iyo formation lagu arkay oo keliya qaybta sare ee taajka qeedhin baadiyaha.

Iyada oo ku saleysan this badan, in tilmaamayaasha ee koritaanka iyo dhalid walnut waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladda of formation of taajkii geedka iyo da'da. Isbedelada shtambovyh warshad formirovok hazelnut dhismeedka "Tree" mariyo ee view of xuduudaheedu jismiyeed sida:

• koritaanka in height,
• formation iyo isbedel ah oo taaj;
• sii kordhaya dhexroor ee jirridda,
• kordhinta awooda dabiiciga ah ee geedka.

qiimaha dhaqaale ee set hazelnut sida ay falanqaynta farsamo, taas oo ka mid ah:

• boqolleyda ah oo miisaankeedu yahay muhiimka ah si ay miisaanka dhan walnut hazelnut;
• fulinta yaruna;
• yaraanshaha (boqolkiiba).

Waayo, midhaha aadka u calaamadeeyey ka mid ah nuts dhuuban-duqeeyey, weyn ee size, oo leh dhadhan wanaagsan iyo midabka direyska.

nidaamka degtey Plant

Ka hor inta qodo god, diyaarinta hazelnut goobta soo degtey jeedo "Trapezund". beeralayda Reviews xaqiijin in haddii geedka si ay u bixiyaan daryeelka iyo wanaagsan xaaladaha wanaagsan, dhalidda ee waa kordhay dhowr jeer, in kastoo aan midhaha walnut wanaagsan. Earth beer ku jeexin ama qodo si qoto dheer ah 40 sentimitir. Waxaa haboon sii qotodheeraata ee fiirsashada ugu badan ee qoyaanka ciidda, oxygen waa, kor u meelaynta isitcmaalo nidaamka xididka. By guga beerto isku diyaarineysa inay ku dhacaan iyo qeybsanaan. beerto dayrta waxaa loo arkaa wax soo saar badan, sababtoo ah in xagaaga dukaamada dhulka lacagta ka badan ku filan oo qoyaan si ay u dardar overwintering dhirta tur.

Muhiim! Xusuusnow carradu saboolka ah ee humus, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah beerihiisay u qoto dheer ee lakabka oo dhan, isagoo intaa ku daray 10 cm ee soo fuqday ciidda.

qorsheyaasha beerto ugu faa'iidada badan: 4x5 / 4x6 / 5x6 / 6x6. farsamada degtey waxay ku xiran tahay nooca ciidda, maxaa yeelay, dalkii bacrin ah, ka sii weyn mugga of baadiyaha iyo meesha waxaa degan. Qadiimiga ah dareenka taam godka: 5-7 ay duurka qabanqaabiyaa ah goobada, a dhexroor ah 1.5 m oo ah 6x6 hannaankii. Ka hor inta fasax ee nidaamka xididka geedo iyo qaybtii hoose ee foosto galay godkii, dhammaan hababka kale oo aan ahayn xarunta xididka laga saaro si ay u bixiyaan koritaanka geedka ka mid ah foosto iyo xididdada fasax degdeg ah ciidda.

Maqaallo beerto hazelnut

Markii ugu mug leh for caga - dayrta. Bishii November, markii uu dhulka ku waa ku filan in la siiyo macdan, waxaa fiican inaad geedka geedo. Tani waxay xaqiijin doontaa in dulqaad stress dhirta ee xilliga qaboobaha.

Ka hor inta beerto, bacrimiya dalka. Isku dar ah waxaa loo diyaariyaa ka:

• digada - 250 kg,
• Bacriminta fosfooraska-potassium - 500 g

Joogaba la sarre labiska bacrimin xisaabinta for 1 dhar sameyn dalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka hor inta beerto dhirta in kasta oo ceelasha waa in lagu shubo on 5 kg ee digada.

70x70 markii godad badan yihiin qoday in la beero dayrta ka hor, ku dhawaad 6 toddobaad ka hor la beero.

Better markii habka maamula laba qof, oo burkii tobankii ugu horeeyay ee la lays iyo compaction of dhulka ee godka, kale si tartiib ah si ay u seexdaan.

Ka dib markii la beero, geedo ka hazelnut kasta hagaajiyeen, oo kaliya 20 cm ka heer dhulka.

Ka dib markii hoos u dhirta raaco gobolka goob halkaas oo ay u koraan geedo yaryar oo kale; ciidda waa nadiif ah iyo free of haramaha noqon, ha iloobin nidaamsan dabciyeen ciidda ku wareegsan dalool beerto by 7-9 cm, iyo dhexroor fluff dalka waa in aanay ka badan mugga of baadiyaha.

Hazelnut - monoecious dhirta, maxaa yeelay, waxaa isaga la jiray ku shubtaa a lamaane of noocyo vzaimoopylyaemyh dhow qeedhin "Trebizond." Pollinators bandhigay fasalka Cosford iyo kuwa kale. The goosashada doonistaydu yaanay bacrin ah, haddii aadan si ay u eegaan sida a feature. Marka tallaabooyinkan soo degtey si fiican u sameeyay cross-pollinated leh 1 hektar siin 500 kg of nuts.

Faa'iidooyinka dalagga

Faa'iidooyinka shtambovoy dhaqanka waa hazelnut "Trabzon", waxaa ka mid ah:

1. The ugu badnaan tirada unugyada ee geedo ka mid ah square meter,
2. heerka sare ee content baruurta (ilaa 2%) iyo borotiinada (2-6% weyn) ka badan nidaamka classical beerashada.
3. Xirrira Stam ogolaanaya in la helo midho leh mass weyn in 0.50 garaam, ka badan in ay gacanta (duur).
4. Xirrira Stam u ogolaanaya in ay hesho kernels dhalidda miro at 2.5-10% ka badan tahay in ay duurka ku.
5. Stam foomka, in la barbardhigo baadiyaha bilowday fruiting at 1-2 sano ka hor.
6. Iyada oo koritaanka xooggan ee shuruudaha a dhirta microclimate gaar ah u noqdaan iska caabin ah oo dheeraad ah si stress.
7. Barbar Dhigo qaab baadiyaha, ogow shtambovyh wax soo saarka in dhaqamada ku saabsan 80% ka sarreeya xoqayaa baadiyaha sii kordhaya.
8. Suurtagalnimada of farsamo nuts goosashada.
9. fulan Horaantii: toddobaadkii halkii foomka baadiyaha.

Sida loo daryeelka dhirta?

Faa'iidada of dalagga sii kordhaysa ee qeedhin in dhammaan cudurada loo yaqaan iyo cayayaanka, qofna ma yeelan kartaa saamayn wax ku saabsan geedka. Inkastoo ay iska caabin ah oo kale, dulqaadasho xaaladaha cimilo maalmeedka iyo ma choosy ee ciidda, daaweyn iyo ka-hortag soo dhaweynayaa, tusaale ahaan, dhanka ah barbel lowska, iyo le'edeen taajkii geedka, iyo falinjeeerka caleemaha ay waxyeello. Si xeel dheer sharciyada daryeel qeedhin "Trapezund" beerashada iyo kaydinta sifooyinka of nuts.

hazelnut waraabiyo

Hazelnut - dhaqanka qoyaan-jecel. Si heer uu dareensan yahay marka sii kordhaya ee floodplains webiga. Su'aasha la waraabka waxaa xalin by si fudud qodista ceel, haddii goobta uu ku yaalaa ka meydadka biyo ama la rakibo ee foosto oo biyo ah oo faraqyo waraabka faleebo fog.

Geedaha, jebinta ee qoyaanka iyo biyaha, u muuqdaan in ay ku shukridaan masaakiinta goosashada. Kaliya meelo diiran ku xiran khasaaro ah oo ku saabsan 1 m roob sano ah, geedka farxin karaan bacriminta aan baahida loo qabo in waraabinta nidaamsan. Laakiin qaanuunkan ma khuseeyo hazelnut "North". lowska Tan waxaa loogu talo galay sii kordhaya ee cimiladu qabow. Mararka qaar, xitaa haddii ay xuduuddadhulka iyo kulmin cimilada, heerka saxda ah ee roobab - waa aan la aqoon.

Maxaa yeelay, khubaro ku talinaynaa iyo saddexda sano ee hore ee nolosha si ay u fuliyaan geedo nidaamsan dayrta waraabiyo dhirta, sii daayo 300 litir oo biyo ah, waayo, mid kasta oo ka mid ah ay duurka of hazelnut "Trebizond." Description of warshadda kala duwan ka walaacsan, ama halkii, tixraac botanical, kaa caawin doona ogaado heerarka iyo muuqaalada lowska waraabinta beerashada. Haddii xaaladaha soo kordhaya oo aan aad u wanaagsan, iyo ciidda ka hor farsamooyinka beeraha ee loo isticmaalo dhirta kale oo aanu diyaariyo, odes Muga kordhay 1000 litir, iyo muddada fruiting - ilaa 1500 litir.

muddooyinka waraabiyo: Talooyin

Heerka waraabka waxaa laga beddelo ku xiran xaddiga roobabka, iyo qoyaanka ciidda. Guud ahaan go'doonsan 5 muddooyinka ugu muhiimsan:

1. The hore iyo bilowgii tobanka sano ee labaad ee May.
2. Labadii toddobaad ee hore ee June in ay ku quudiyaan ku xoortay geedihii in kulaylka xagaaga.
3. Qeybtii hore ee July.
4. The toban sano koowaad iyo labaad ee August.
5. dhamaadka October - bilowga November si ay isugu diyaariyaan xilliga qaboobaha.

Waraabiyo guga hore - macna lahayn, tan iyo markii ubax iyo muddo horumarinta, hazelnut "Trebizond" dhacdaa hore ka badan ee dhirta kale. At 4 sano nolosha ka mid ah ay duurka, waraabinta double. Intii lagu guda jiray bacriminta firfircoon talinayaa si ay u fuliyaan waraabka ee mugga of 1.5 m ³ on qeedhin baadiyaha.

Muhiim! Haddii beeray inta u dhaxaysa saf oo dilka ah cows, waraabka Muga labanlaabantay.

dhirta manjooyin

Gooyaa waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah oo muhiim ah daqiiqado ee beeraha beerida qeedhin, kuu oggolaadaan in aad si ay ula qabsadaan koritaanka, horumarka iyo fruiting, geedka nolosha, taariikhaha galo fruiting, dhirta dhalid, lowska tayo leh. Sidoo kale, habka this ayaa mas'uul ka ah sifooyinka nafsaaniga ah sida dhirta, la kordhiyo hardiness jiilaalka, caabbi cayayaanka iyo cudurada qaarkood. Isticmaalka sida beerashada qalab, khubaro awoodin inay soo dhowaadaan ama dib loogu dhigo waqtiga of ubax guga, si loo xakameeyo muddada koritaanka biqil.

Xaaladaha oo dhan, beerista dalagga waa mabda'a isku mid ah. Geedi socodka waa buriyay taaj Finensej dhalaalaya leh ugu badnaan oxygen iyo iftiinka wuxuu kobciyaa koritaanka iyo waxbarashada ee caleemaha dhalinyaro ah, iyo laamo ah oo ubbooyin miro, oo daboolaya branching aasaasiga ah lafaha.

Ka dib hoos geedo, gooyn tusi koritaanka koowaad, taas oo markii danbe u sameeyaan beeralayda mustaqbalka shtamb.

bacriminta

dhirta la beero, ka dhigi bacrimin, oo ka kooban 150 g of superphosphate iyo 50 g oo cusbo potassium dheeriga ah ee 5 kg ee humus in dalool kasta.

In guga, marka midhaha lagu xidho doonaa (in June), dhirta ay yihiin fiirsashada HOL nuujiyo in 0.5%.

ku walaaqaya

Ku walaaqaya geed dogob qaadeen by beero-iyo-farsamo aqbalo, waxay bixisaa dhirta qoyaan haynta iyo helitaanka of ogsijiin. isku dar ah oo u dhow-wellbore dhulka sida balka, geedaha softwood ma aha in 1: 1 ama bedelay dhulka humus, uus ee mug isku mid.

farsamooyinka faafinta dhaqanka

Mid ka mid ah hababka classic faafin ah waxaa loo arkaa by hab of gooyn. Geedi socodka kama duwana adag oo dhan iyo waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr marxaladood:

1. Laamihii waxaa la geeyaa grooves siman leh si qoto dheer wax yar iyo prishpilivayut yar. Waxaa fiican in la isticmaalo alwaax jir ah, sida ka weyn muujinaysaa tilmaamayaasha horumarka ugu xumaa oo liidata acclimatized. Nidaamka waxaa la sameeyaa in dayrta iyo guga hore.
2. Grooves la geedo hazelnut ku shubtay in humus, ka waraabin jireen, oo meeshii ugu fiiriyey dhigaysa jeexitaanada yaryar si loo fududeeyo xawaaraha ee koritaanka kelyaha.
3. The dushooda kulanka in tiirarka, iyo noqanayaa soo baxay barta sii kordhaysa.

Features collection of nuts beergooyska

Go'ay dabayaaqadii August - horraantii September, oo diiradda saaraya abscission ee miraha iyo duuban qalalan. Gathering oo qalalan beergooyska, nuts lagu kaydiyaa meel qalalan. Waxaa jira sharciyo iyo talooyinka sida loo xafidayo qeedhin "Trebizond." dhalidda ee geedka ku saabsan yahay 15 kiilo.

Ka dib markii miro-nuts kaydiyaa qalalan, meel qabow, laakiin, lagu hayo taliska heerkulka kala duwan 4-13 degrees Celsius muddo 12 bilood ah; at 0-3 degrees Celsius - oo ku saabsan 3-4 sano.