Hayaahi-technology - network indhaha dadban

Expansion adeegyada Internet macaamiisha dhagaystayaasha iyo, sidaas awgeed, dadka isticmaala broadband u baahan hordhaca ah ee teknoolajiyada cusub. isgaarsiinta Data waa in si joogto ah kor u awooda of khadadka, taas oo ka dhigaysa ka channels macluumaadka gaadiidka update shirkadaha adeegga. Laakiin marka laga reebo koritaanka in gudbinta xogta dhacaan iyo dhibaatooyin nooc oo kala duwan, kuwaas oo muujiyay in korodhka kharashka adeegga shabakadaha more weyn oo ay ballaariso kala duwan ee baahiyaha dhamaadka-user. Mid ka mid ah jidkiisu waa in ay tayadoodii waxqabadka guud ee nidaamka isgaarsiinta hayaahi-technology, kaas oo sidoo kale kuu ogolaanayaa inaad hayn awooda shabakadaha in ay sii ballaariyo awoodda iyo ka shaqeynayaan.

fiber indhaha iyo technology hayaahi

horumarka cusub ee fududeeya ururka farsamo iyo howlgalka sii of shabakadaha gudbinta xogta macluumaadka, laakiin tani waxaa inta badan sabab u gaari faa'iidooyinka caadiga ah links indhaha. Xataa maanta, ku saabsan asalka ah hordhaca ah ee qalabka-teknoolojiyad sare sii isticmaalka channels dhisay on lammaanaha telefoonka gaboobaya iyo Raaxo xDSL. Sida iska cad, helitaanka shabakadda on walxahaasi muhiimad lumiyo in khadadka fiber-coaxial hufnaan, kaas oo sidoo kale ma loo arki karaa wax soo saar leh ay heerka maanta.

badiilka ah in shabakadaha wireless dhaqanka iyo khadaka warisgaarsiinta ayaa muddo dheer ku dooday in fiber ah indhaha. Laakiin haddii ka hor la dul saarin of fiilooyinka ahaa howl culus aya hortaala ururada badan, qaybaha maanta indhaha u noqday ka badan ayaa la heli karo. Dhab ahaantii, ka hor inta fiber la isticmaalo dayactirka ah ee macaamiisha caadiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan Ethernet. Tallaabada xigta ayaa ahayd horumarinta shabakadda isgaarsiinta ee ku salaysan naqshadaha Micro-SDH, ilaa xal cusub u furay. Just ee nidaamka this oo helay isticmaalka fikradda ah shabakadaha hayaahi.

simayo network

The isku dayga ugu horeeya si ay u jaangooyo technology ayaa la sameeyey 1990, markii koox ka mid ah shirkadaha isgaarsiinta yaabay fikradda ah in la ogaado in dhaqankan fikradda ah helitaanka badan hal fiber a dadban indhaha. Sidaas darteed, ururka ayaa loo magacaabay FSAN, isku oo ka shaqeeya, iyo soo saarayaasha qalabka network. Ujeeddada ugu weyn waxay ahayd in la abuuro iyo xirmo FSAN la tilmaamo guud oo loo baahan yahay si ay u horumariyaan hardware hayaahi si saarayaasha qalabka iyo bixiyeyaasha adeegga wada shaqayn karaan in qeybta la mid ah. Si aad u taariikhda, link dadban, ku salaysan technology hayaahi ah, abaabulay si waafaqsan heerarka ITU-T, ATM iyo ETSI.

Mabda'a falalka network

feature ugu weyn ee fikrad hayaahi waa in kaabayaasha ku salaysan yahay hal module ah in uu yahay mas'uul ah hawlaha xog gudbinta iyo soo dhaweynta. qayb Tani waxa uu ku yaalaa OLT ee habka iyo ogolaanaya Guntin dhexe si ay ugu adeegaan hannaanka ah macaamiishu macluumaadka la barwaaqaysan. qalab dhamaadka aqbalana The qabata ONT, taas oo, ee jeedo, u dhaqmo sida gudbiye ah. Tirada xarumaha macmiilka ku xiran aqbaliddoodii dhexe module iyo gudbinta, ku tiirsan oo keliya on xoogga iyo qalabka xawaare ugu badnaan loo isticmaalo hayaahi. technology waa, in mabda, ma xaddido tirada ka-qaybgalayaasha in shabakadda, laakiin isticmaalka mug leh mashaariic isgaadhsiinta, horumarinta weli saaray caqabado gaar ah iyada oo la raacayo habka qaabeynta of network gaar ah. socodka macluumaad Broadcast ka unit aqbaliddoodii-gudbinta dhexe in ay unit macmiilka ah waxaa loo sameeyaa at qayb Milanello ee 1550 nm ah. Taas bedelkeeda, socodka xogta dambe ka qalabka macaamiisha si OLT ah waxaa lagu kala qaado ee Milanello a of 1310 nm. socodka waa in loo tixgeliyo si gooni gooni ah.

Forward iyo socodka dambe

ugu weyn ee (ie toosan) socodka ka module ah network dhexe waxaa loola jeedaa daayey. Taas macnaheedu waa in qeybta line indhaha socodka guud ahaan xogta, muujinayo beerihii cinwaanka. Sayidka, unug kasta macmiilka "akhriyaa" macluumaad kaliya loogu tala galay isaga, waayo. Mabda 'xogta qaybinta noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yeedhi karaa demultipleksornym.

Taa baddalkeeda, reverse qulqulaan isticmaalaya line hal baahinta xogta dhammaan macaamiishu ku xiran shabakadda. Tan iyo nidaamka Qaybta badan waqti helaan. Si aad u saaro itimaalka ee calaamadaha isgoyska ka helaya xogta badan kasta oo qalab Guntin macmiilka ayaa jadwal u gaar ah ee is-dhaafsiga xogta habeeyaa dib. Tani waa mabda 'guud oo la ogaaday technology hayaahi ah, marka la eego is dhexgalka ee module aqbalana-gudbiye la isticmaala dhamaadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shabakadaha qaabeynta circuit The yeelan karaan topologies kala duwan.

Topology, "Point in Tilmaan"

Xaaladdan oo kale, nidaamka P2P ah in lagu sameeyo kartaa heerka caadiga ah, iyo mashaariic gaar ah ku lug leh, tusaale ahaan, ay hawshooda u ah qalabka indhaha. xidhiidhka ka dhibco ammaanka xogta macmiilka Internet noocan ah wuxuu bixiyaa difaac ugu badan suuragal ah in shabakadaha sida. Laakiin saareen line indhaha for user kasta waxaa lagu fuliyaa si gooni gooni ah, si kharashka abaabulka channels sida xooga kordhiyaa. In siyaabo qaar ka mid ah, tani ma aha wax caadi ah, laakiin shabakad u gaar ah, inkastoo xarunta, kaas oo ka shaqeeya qeybta macmiilka ayaa sidoo kale u adeegaan dadka isticmaala kale. Guud ahaan, habkan ku haboon tahay macaamiishu weyn in line amaanka si gaar ah muhiim.

Topology "giraanta"

Qorshahani wuxuu ku salaysan yahay habka qaabeynta SDH iyo sidoo kale shaaca shabakadaha laf. Taa waxaa ka duwan, optic nooca giraanta ka yar wax ku ool ah howlgalka shabakadaha helaan. Sidaas daraaddeed, in ururka magaalada qabto jid ee qanjidhada xisaabiyaa xitaa marxalad design ah, laakiin network helaan ka dhigi wax aan macquul ahayn si ay u qiimeeyaan in horay tirada unugyada macmiilka.

Bixiso la xidhiidha muddada iyo baaxaddaba kadiska ah ee macaamiishu giraanta circuit la taaban karo keeni kartaa. In dhaqanka, qaabeynta noocan oo kale ah ayaa inta badan leexdo xagga circuit jebiyey isagoo hannaanka a laamood. Waxay tani dhacdaa marka hordhaca ah ee macaamiisha cusub waxaa la sameeyaa iyada oo ah qaybaha kala farqiga jira. Tusaale ahaan, link a la sameeyey waxaa laga yaabaa in siddo oo lagu toosiyaa in mid ka mid ah line. Natiijadu waxay tahay fiilooyinka "jabay" in intii uu socday hawlgalku yaraynaysaa isku halaynta ee shabakadda.

Features of EPON Architecture

The isku dayga ugu horeeya si ay u dhisaan shabakad hayaahi macaamiisha caymiska qiyaas in technology Ethernet ah, ayaa la sameeyey sanadkii 2000, boosteejo ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta mabaadi'da formation of shabakadaha uu noqday Architecture-of EPON, iyo sida caadiga ah ugu weyn ee la soo bandhigay faahfaahinta IEEE, oo ku salaysan taas oo go'aano shakhsi ururka lagu soosaaray shabakadaha hayaahi. technology EFMC, tusaale ahaan, topology adeegi "dhibic in la tilmaamo" shaqaalayn lammaane copper qaloocin. Laakiin maanta, habka this waxaa ku dhowaad marnaba loo isticmaalo ee la xidhiidha kala guurka ah si ay fiber. Sida kale, meelo badan oo rajo yihiin ADSL technology-ku-saleysan weli.

In casriga ah qaab heer EPON fuliyo dhowr wareeggeedii, laakiin xaalada ugu weyn ee embodiments ay waa isticmaalka macdantaa. Waxa intaa dheer in isticmaalka gaadmada ah oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan EPON hayaahi Heerka technology xirnaanta kale oo ay bixisaa awood u leh inay u isticmaalaan versions qaar ka mid ah transceivers indhaha.

Features of GPON Architecture

naqshadaha GPON u ogolaanaya in ay hirgeliyaan helaan network ku saleysan Heerka APON. In koorsada of urur ee dhaqanka kaabayaasha of sii kordhaya bandwidths network, iyo sidoo kale in la abuuro xaalado for a codsiyada kala iibsiga ku ool ah. GPON waa qaab scalable jir u ogolaanaya macluumaad si ay ugu adeegaan macaamiishu heerarka socodka ilaa 2.5 Gbit / c. Sayidka beddelo iyo qulqulka si toos ah ugu shaqeyn karaan isla ama a hababka xawaaraha kala duwan. Waxaa intaa dheer, in GPON qaabeynta helitaanka shabakadda siin karaan encapsulation kasta oo hab maamuuska gaadiidka ah iyadoo aan loo eegin adeegga synchronous. Haddii SDH ah ee lagu xaqiijin karaa qeybinta keliya ma guurto ah ee guutooyinkiisa, qaab-dhismeedka GFP maamuuska GPON cusub iyadoo la sii dabeecadaha jir SDH oo kuu ogolaanaya qoondaynta firfircoon ee guutooyinkiisa.

Faa'iidooyinka technology

Waxaa ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee fiiloyin indhaha ku Scheme hayaahi dhaadheer ma links dhexe dhexeeya gudbiye dhexe aqbalana-macmiilka, dhaqaalaha, fududeeyo xidhiidh iyo serviceability. Inta badan faa'iidooyinka waxa sabab u ah ururka qumman ee shabakadaha. Tusaale ahaan, xiriirka Internetka si toos ah la siiyo, si guul ah mid ka mid ah unugyada macmiilka xiga wax saameyn ah kuma ay qaab. Inkasta oo soo diyaariyeen ah ee isticmaala, dabcan, la xidhiidha marka la isku daro in hal unug dhexe, kaas oo ay go'aamiso tayada adeegga dhammaan kaabayaasha ka qaybgalayaasha. Sidoo kale waa in aan tixgelin doonna geed topology P2MP ah, taas oo ah channels indhaha ugu filaayo. qaabeynta waxay bixisaa qaab network loo eegin meesha uu qanjidhada macmiilka Sababo khadadka qaybinta dhaqaale helaya iyo gudbinta macluumaadka. Isla mar ahaantaana loo ogol yahay hordhaca ah ee dadka isticmaala cusub oo aan isbeddel weyn ku qaab dhismeedka hadda jira.

Qasaaraha network hayaahi

codsiga Wide of technology tani weli waa xoogaa ka hortagtaa arrimo muhiim ah. Ka hore waa kakanaanta nidaamka. Faa'iidooyinka Hawlgalada noocan ah ee network la siin karaa oo keliya haddii design hore tayo dil ka fiirsaneysa Gudigga badan farsamo. Mararka qaarkood jidka ka soo noqdo hayaahi helitaanka technology ah, kaas oo bixiya for ururka nidaamka fudud nooca. Laakiin haddii ay dhacdo this waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay isugu diyaariyaan qaladaad kale - la'aanta muuqaalada ka eryis.

jirrabaya shabakadda

Marka dhan wejiyada horumarka shabakad Bannaanka hoose maray iyo dhaqan tallaabooyin farsamo, khubarada bilaabaan inay imtixaanka kaabayaasha. Mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha weyn ee network waa tayo sameeyaa cabbiro attenuation on line ah. Waayo, falanqaynta channel joogitaanka of tijaabiyeyaal indhaha loo isticmaalo goobaha dhibaato. Dhammaan cabirka waxaa ku khadadka firfircoon isticmaalaya multiplexers iyo filtarrada. network isgaarsiinta Miisaanka badanaa imtixaano OTDR ah. Laakiin qalabka sida waxay u baahan tahay tababarka gaarka ah ee isticmaala, in aan ku xuso xaqiiqada ah in raad deciphering ay wax u qabanayso kooxaha khabiir.

gunaanad

Inkasta oo dhamaan dhibaatooyinka ee kala guurka ah si ay shirkado cusub technology in ay bixiyaan adeegyada isgaadhsiinta, si deg deg ah wax ku bartaan si ay xal dhab ah wax ku ool ah. Tartiib tartiib faafin iyo nidaamyada fiber optic qaab farsamo, taas oo ka mid ah technology hayaahi adag. "Rostelecom", tusaale ahaan, waxay bilaabeen inay soo bandhigto adeegyo badan format cusub ee 2013. Helitaanka awoodaha ee shabakadaha indhaha hayaahi ugu horeysay si aad u hesho dadka degan gobolka Leningrad. Waa maxay ugu xiisaha badan, bixiyaha adeegga ayaa la siiyaa kaabayaasha Fibre-optic ah, xitaa tuulooyinka degaanka. In tababar, taas u ogolaan doonaa in ay ku raaxeystaan macaamiishu ma aha oo kaliya telefoonka iyo internet, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ku xirmaan baahinta telefishanka ee digital.