Harald Hardrada, boqorkii ugu dambeeyey ee Vikings ah: Biography, taariikhda iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Yaa ku noolaa qarnigii line- King of Norway Harald III darantahay, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Harald Hardrada, oo wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah ciqaab ugu cajiib ah oo uu waqti. In uu dhallinyarada uu musaafuriyay dalka hooyo uu ka, ka dibna qaatay sannado badan in la masaafuriyey, kasban waxyaabo isdabo mar ah. Harald shaqeeyay Russia iyo Byzantium. Ka dib markii in Norway soo laabtay, waxa uu helay sababo la isaga carshiga. Ka dib markii in, la kala duwan ah konung guul waxaan oo dhan dariska la diriray. Oo uu xilli ciyaareedkii hore ahaa dhulka ee England. Dhimashada Harald at Albion calaamadeeyay dhamaadka waayihii ah ee weerarada Viking Yurub (sabab this waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan "ka Viking boqorka ee la soo dhaafay").

carruurnimada

Aabbaha Harald III ahaa Sigurd Syr - konung Ringerike boqortooyada yar ee bariga Norway. Halyeeyga Viking waxa uu ku dhashay oo ku saabsan 1015. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa nus-walaalkiis Olaf II. In 1015-1028 GG. in adeerkiis qaaday carshiga oo ka mid ah King of Norway oo dhan. boqornimadii Olaf ayaa si firfircoon uga lulmado Sigurd.

Laga soo bilaabo carruurnimada hore, Harald Hardrada yaqaanaa in uu qof dagaal iyo daarna isaga. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, tayo sare leh ay qiimeeyaan Vikings ah. Waxay yihiin waxtar leh Harald muddo 15 sano ah. In 1030 Olaf la dilay, kaga dejiyey carshigiisii tartamaya gurigii awoodda estridsen Knud (ka dib naaneeso Wayn). Muhim in dagaalka uu ahaa Battle of Stiklastdire. Olaf naftiisa u lumiya, iyo Harald Hardrada ku dhaawacmeen. Waxa uu u suurtogashay in ay ka baxsadaan iyo in deriska Sweden carari.

caatada ah

Lahaanshaha hooyo laga badiyay, Harald iyo dalalka shisheeye bilaabay inuu sameeyo wixii isaga la sameeyaa ugu fiican. Waxa uu soo ururay oo uu kooxda u gaar ah oo waxaa isaga la bilaabay in ay u adeegaan at Mudrogo Yaroslava ah. ciidanka ayaa sidoo kale soo galay dagaalyahan caanka Eyliv Ragnvaldson. Prince of Kiev wakhtigaas ahaa dagaal kula Poland, iyo caawin Vikings noqday caawimo wayn isaga. Sida laga soo xigtay xore Scandinavian, Harald Hardrada ahaa qofka labaad ee ciidanka ka dib markii Yaroslav ugu.

Waxaa ka shaqeeya skalds siin sawirka ugu dhameystiran ee nolosha Viking ka baxsan Norway. In ay xafiiltamaan ee xore "Circle Earth" waa shahaadada adeegga ee Harald gooyo Byzantine. Michael IV Paphlagonian Harald daro Varangian ee Guard aqoonyahanada dalka. Iyada oo ay kormeerayaan ee Norwegian shan boqol oo rag caan ah. In adeegga dadka Gariigta ah burcad Harald Mediterranean la diriray. In 1036-1040 GG. waxa uu ahaa in taliyaha ciidanka Georgiya Maniaka. Ciidankan wuxuu u dhaqmeen ee Sicily, halkaas waxaa ka dhacay dagaal la Normans kuwaas oo halkaas ayay degeen.

Baxso ka Byzantium

Ololaha ayaa la soo dhaafay waaweyn Harald in hawshii boqortooyadiisa ahaa xakamaynta of kacdoonkii Bulgarian ee 1041. Sida ay legend, hoggaamiyaha mucaaradka Peter II Delyan shakhsi lagu dilay by Vikings Norway. sanadka soo socda, Harald III Hardrada Constantinople ka qeyb qaatay Inqilaab ah. Markaas ayuu, kuwaas oo ku dhacay dulli, lahaa in ay ka cararaan Byzantium.

Sida laga soo xigtay versions kala duwan, Viking halleeyeen ama Kiev ama Novgorod. On uu nasiib, wuxuu ka Greece ka qaadi kara lacag dhan waxay kasbadeen ah. Sida madaxa Ilaalada, ayuu uruuriyeen lacag badan. Oo kulli intaas oo dhagaxyo qaali ah, iyo dahab ayaa sidoo kale hayaa Russia.

Nolosha Russia

In 1043 Yaroslav Mudry Harald soo diray oo ay la socdaan wiilkiisii, ee Novgorod, Vladimir amiirka, in olole ka dhan ah Boqortooyada Byzantine ah, taas oo ka dibna Sharuucda Constantine Monomakh. Ololaha Tani waxa ay ahayd guul daraystay. Ciidamada badda ee dalka Ruushka ayaa gaartay daran. Dhinteen 6000 dagaal. Harald iyo Vladimir maamula si ay u noolaadaan oo ku soo celi Kiev.

isla xilliga qaboobaha in Norwegian guursaday gabadhii Yaroslava Mudrogo Elizabeth. Waxay lahaayeen laba carruur ah (Ingigerd iyo Mary). By habka, Viking ahaa Christian ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo ka mid ah caadooyinkii hore ee la soo dhaafay jaahilka in Scandinavia weli ma ay ku maqnaayeen. Sidaa darteed, Harald waxay ahayd addoontii ah oo Tawreed ah. From waxaa ku dhashay Norway King Magnus II iyo III Olaf nabadda mustaqbalka.

Mar kale ee Norway

Lacagta la ururiyay intii uu socday adeegga ee Empire Byzantine ah, loo oggol yahay Harald si ay u ururiyaan ciidan xoog badan, oo waxaa isaga la inay dib u laabtaan. In Norway, ka dibna xeerarka ma karbaashi, oo uu Magnus Dobry. Harald, wuxuu ahaa abti. Waxa intaa dheer in Norway, Denmark Sharuucda Magnus. Ka faa'iidaysanaya this, oo uu soo horjeeda sameeyey isbahaysi la codsadaha mas'uuliyiinta dalka deriska la ah, Sven Estridsenom. Magnus ogaaday in isbahaysiga noocan oo kale ah uu lama qabsan karo, oo wuxuu u bixiyey si ay u noqon inuu co-Ninkaas la adeerkiis. Harald darantahay isku raacay.

sano ka dib markii la soo gabagabeeyo heshiiska, Magnus si kedis ah ku geeriyooday. Harald Hardrada iyo Queen Elizabeth ee Norway ayaa noqday laba boqornimada ee dalka. The taliye cusub kaliya ku hawlan xoojinta xasiloonida gudaha gobolka. Boqortooyada ogyahay muhiimada ay leedahay ganacsi faa'iido, iyo in 1048 la aasaasay sahlanaato ee baayacmushtariyaasha meel Oslo. Later waxa ay noqotay magaalada oo dhan ee Norway

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Vikings ay yihiin kuwo aan ku filan. Magnus leedahay iyo Denmark, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu dardaarmo taajka iyada Sven Estridsenu. Harald, ku riyoon jiray midaynta oo dhan dagaal Scandinavia, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday inuu deriskiisa. Deenishka ayaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka soo horjeeda aan waxtar lahayn. Waxay soo gaaray dhowr guul darro, iyo Norway xitaa gubay magaalada weyn oo ganacsi Hedeby. In 1062 Sven ka adkaadeen dagaalka ku badda iyo ceeb ka carareen. Laakiin in kasta oo ay horumar oo dhan, Harald ma noqon oo ahaa boqorkii dalka Denmark. isaga Si colaadeed sida dadka caadiga ah ee dalka, iyo in la ogaado. Ogaaday waxba tarayn ee sheegashooyinka ay, Harald Hardrada gabagabeeyay dunida Sven.

dhexe oo awood

Harald diriray ma aha oo kaliya in Denmark, laakiin sidoo kale ka soo Sweden. In 1063 fallaago boqorkii ku abtirsan been furay Norway. Boqortooyada Swedish taageeray ah: Earls mucaaradka. Harald, in kastoo aan ku guuleysan karo Denmark, Eebase ma aha ilaa siin waxa ay kasbatay lahaa isaga. Sidoo kale 1063, ayuu kala jejebiyey ciidanka isbahaysiga iyo mucaaradka ee Sweden oo dagaalka ku jira ee Vänern.

Xakamaynta wax calaamado ah oo mucaaradka inay isaga xooggiisa, ayna darantahay aan xishood badnaa ee warbaahinta iyo muujiyeen naxariis. Waxa ay ahayd intii uu Earls Norway iyo muwaadiniinta hodanka ah ayaa markii ugu horeysay si buuxda hoose ay boqortooyadu ugu xoogaysato. All khilaafsan tahay siyaasadaha of King, oo ay ku jiraan cashuurta sare iyo dagaallo joogta ah, waxay soo hijrooday dalka ama loogama qaadi nolosha. Iyada dhexe, Harald Hardrada, Viking boqorka ee la soo dhaafay, riyaaqay taageero kaniisadda Christian.

Dhoofnay England

In la gaaro xasilinta ee Norway, boqorka qarashgareyn karaan inta kale ee maalmood uu nabad. Laakiin waxaan ku riyooday dheer dhallinyarada Harald Hardrada? Guurka King isaga siiyey mid dhaxal leh, oo sidaas daraaddeed kalsoonida sii of guri ammaan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Boqortooyada ayaa weli lagu gartaa taarkan dhallinyaro ah, ku riyoon jiray conquests cusub oo la kordhiyo ay amar. Sidaa darteed, marka xaaladda loo ogol yahay isaga in uu ku dhawaaqo in uu dalab xoog ku Britain, isagu ma uu guul daraystaan in ay ka faa'idaystaan fursaddan.

Inta lagu guda jiro nolosha horreeyay ee Harald carshiga Norwegian, Magnus, lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo boqorkii heshiis Harthacnut in uu socon doono dhimashadii uu dhaxalka lahaa ka dib. xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee heshiiska aan la xaqiijiyay by taariikhyahan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa la dooddan Harald gaaray Albion, taasoo keentay for ciidan badan.

dhimashada

King of England ee 1066 ahaa Harold II Godwinson. Waa isaga iyo hor Harold. konung Norwegian diiwaan taageerada walaalkiis adoo Caayan oo uu soo horjeeda, Tostig Godwinson. disembarkation Viking ka dhacay waqooyiga of England.

Battle hore ee Fulford, meel u dhow York, noorwiijiga guul u badan. Laakiin liibaanta ahaa muddo kooban ah. Shan maalmood ka dib (September 25, 1066) Harald darantahay guuldarro burburiyo oo lagu dilay dagaalka ka dib markii lagu dhuftay dhuunta by fallaadho cadowga. In England gaaray 300 maraakiibta Viking. Baxsado ahayd 25 kaliya jirka ah ee King iyo guryahoodii bay ku noqdeen. Oo waxaa lagu aasay Trondheim. Dhowr usbuuc ka dib, Harold II ayaa la dejiyey Godwinson tartamaya cusub oo carshiga reer England - Norman William kaliga ah.