"General Sherman" - geedka ugu weyn caalamka. sequoia Rafaa

Sequoia - mid ka mid ah dhirta ugu weyn caalamka. In muddooyinka Jacka iyo Cretaceous, waxa ay ahayd wax caadi ah in Europe iyo Asia, laakiin waxaa haatan la ilaashaa kaliya ee buuraha reer California iyo Koonfurta Oregon. Tani dhirta relic Age pre-Ice, waxaa loogu yeedhi yaabaa fossils nool.

Features

sequoia Giant (Sequoia, geed bareejeeyo), magacaabay ka dib markii madax Iroquois ah, gabi ahaanba aan la aqoon in ay yurub ilaa 1850. geedihii Asheeraah A geedaha Rafaa filaan ah helay Lobb English ah.

Indians ayaa ugu baaqay sequoias ah "kaymaha awowayaashood." Taas ayaa ka dhigaysa dareen, sida ay u sharaxeen geed ma gaadhi keliya height ah 100-120 mitir, laakiin sidoo kale ku nool yihiin muddo dheer la yaab leh. Siddooyinkiisa sannadlaha ah ee ugu da'da weyn oo ka mid ah, waxaa la ogaaday in ay ka gaari karin da'da 3,000 sano.

sequoia Giant iska leh qoyska Taxodiaceae ah (gymnosperms Division). Tani waa geed dhilka la caleenta xaqse. In kasta oo alwaax qurux badan oo cufan waa la qiimeeyaa, waxaa macquul ah ee ay la isticmaalo ee dhaqaalaha yar yahay sababta oo ah yaraanta ba'an ee redwoods. Halkii, waxaa loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin madaxtooyada. Xeebeedka ee kooxda, kuwaas oo laga heli karaa Caucasus iyo xeebta koonfureed ee Crimean.

Sequoia iyo Giant Sequoia?

Inkasta oo geedo kuwani waa mid aad la mid ah, waxaa jira kala duwanaan u dhaxeeya.

Redwoods koraan ee waqooyiga California on a strip xeebaha cidhiidhi ah. Dadkaas iyaga ah, cimilada wanaagsan qoyan la ceeryaanta joogto ah. sequoia A Rafaa waxaa laga helaa on dalcadaha galbeed ee Nevada Sierra ah (at Joogga of 1.5-2 km). kooniska Sequoia laga yaabaa in aanay ka badbadinin markii qoyan. Waayo, finan abuur u baahan tahay cimilada qalalan iyo kulul.

dababka Forest, khatar ah in wax nool oo dhan, dhirta, kuwaas oo ka ciyaari kara kaalin ka mid ah taranka iyo koritaanka of Hannaan ah. Kooniska kulaylka la muujiyey, iyo abuur ah ku dhacaan dhulka, horay xor ka haramaha. geedaha Mature ay jilif awood ka dab uma oggolaanin sida ugu badan ee dhirta kale. Oo weelkii jidhiidha ahaa jir sequoia toosaa ku jiri kara ilaa 8000 litir oo biyo ah.

Kooxda Kuwani dhuftay sarajooggiisuna. Waxay ku doodayaan iyadoo qaar ka mid ah eucalyptus horyaalka ka mid ah dhirta ugu dheer. Sequoia gaaban oo yaryar oo height boqol oo mitir ah, laakiin waxa ay keeni baqaa dhumucdiisuna, oo waxay gaadhaa in ka badan 10 m. Ma aha sabab la'aan ay u yeedheen waxaa toosaa.

Tusaale ahaan, sequoia "General Sherman" ayaa goobada jir ah oo ka badan 35 m a. Si loo eryi goobaabin agagaarka Rafaa this, ku qaadan lahaa in ka badan 25 qof! Geedkan waxaa loo arkaa ugu weyn dunida oo dhan tan iyo 1931.

sequoias Giant - centenarians. Bilowga ee qarnigii XX ay jareen maxaa yeelay, alwaaxda qiimo leh. da'da geedaha la goostay by siddo koritaanka on jirrid ah. Waxaa soo baxay in qaar ka mid ah ayaa ku noolaa qiyaastii 3 kun oo sano! Waxay kor u koray waqtiga dhisayaan Silanyo caan ah marka kaliya ay Masriyiintu ku bilaabay.

sequoia Giant jahaysteen oo u hantidaan aad u xoog badan nidaamka xididka. Jilif ku jira walxaha karaahiyo kuwa lamid ah jilif iyo cayayaanka kale. By fangaska iyo lichens waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin badbaadinta kiimikada.

General Sherman Tree

In California (USA) aasaasay Park Qaranka "Sequoia". Its qayb weyn ee - a "Forest Rafaa" - Grove oo ka mid ah dhirta ugu weyn caalamka. Ku dhawaad tusaale ahaan kastana wuxuu leeyahay magac u gaar ah. Waxaa ka mid ah geedka ugu caansan General Sherman. Waxaa si fudud u la yaab leh. Sequoia "General Sherman" - geedka weyn ee dunida. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in da'diisa waa 2300-2700 sano. Dhererka ma aha ugu badnaan ah dhirta -. "Keliya" 84 mitir, laakiin mugga Rafaa, dhismaha ku dhawaad 1,500 oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran, iyo culeyskiisu yahay 2,500 metrik wax ugu weyn ee ku nool caalamka ka dhigaa.

Markaasaa waxaa taas ma aha xadka, maxaa yeelay, redwoods ka bixi noloshaada oo dhan. Oo waxay dhiman ee da 'halkii inta ay size toosaa. Waxaa jira yimaado daqiiqad marka jirridda geedka mar dambe ma qaban karto miisaanka weyn. Wuxuu kaliya jabo. A "General Sherman" sii wadaan in ay koraan, kordhinta ay dhexroor sanadkiiba ugu yaraan kala bar centimitir ah. Currently, isagu waa ka badan 11.1 m!

Geed noocan oo kale ah waa weyn soo jiidata dareenka gaarka ah ee dalxiisayaasha. Park Qaranka "Sequoia" sanad kasta waxaa la booqday by tobanaan kun oo dad ah kuwaas oo doonaya in ay arkaan yaab this dunida, la sawiro intii iyaga ku xigtayna.

Magacaabay in sharaf of geesiga

General Sherman, taas oo loo magacaabay in sharaf of geedka - geesiga US qaranka. Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye, wuxuu xitaa ka sii badan oo caan ka badan General Grant. Hawlgalka ayaa sida ugu fiican ee loo yaqaan hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Sherman waxay ahayd halgan ee Atlanta, ka dib markii taas wuu aqbalay is dhiibin ee Army colkii ah, oo uu hoggaaminayo Johnston. In 1869, General Grant ka dambeeya taliyaha ciidamada Mareykanka ee sare.

In 1879, naturalist James Wolverton Township, intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye isna wuxuu u adeegay ciidanka Sherman Sarreeye a, wuxuu u yeedhay geedka weyn ee magaca Taliyaha uu jecel yahay.

Waana mid ka, labaad ee ugu weyn dunida oo waxaa loo arkaa sequoia "General Grant".

soo jiidashada park

ka dalxiisayaasha "Giant Forest" Marka laga reebo waxaa soo jiitay by the tunnel-log. In 1937, guud ahaan wadada ee park ka dhacay sequoia Rafaa, xanibeen jidka baabuurta. Si aad dib Jidka shaqaalaha park ee lagu qasbay in ay iska jar in width tunnel a of 5 m iyo height ah Wood oo ku saabsan 2.5 m. Go'aansaday in aan la nadiifiyo, iyo waxa ay mid ka mid ah jiidashada ugu weyn noqday.

In dhexe ee park waxaa buur dhagax adag Moro Rock, on top of taas oo jaranjarada ah. On top of view cajiib ah oo dhan "Kooxda kaynta." iyaga iyo godad badan soo jiitaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku xiran yihiin dadweynaha, marka laga reebo hal.

park qurux badan iyo geedo toosaa hadda waa khatar. Sii socda ee ka sano ee ugu dambeysay ee ay abaartu ku California ayaa sababay dabka badan, kuwaas oo aan xitaa u adkeysan kartaa redwoods ugu awooda badan. la'aanta A qoyaanka ciidda joogsaneyso ah ee caleemaha yar yar. Nasiib darro, centenarians kuwaas baaba'aan yaabaa wejigiisa dhulka.