First awr Army ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye

Dhig Army koowaad iyo awr ee taariikhda gaarka ah Ciidanka Cas. formation Tani, taas oo jirtay in 1919-1921 GG., Maamulida inuu la diriro on xaquuqda aadanaha ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Budyonny dagaal iyo awr ee Donbass, Ukraine, Don ah, Kuban, Caucasus, ee Poland iyo Crimean ah. In Midowga Soofiyeeti First iyo awr lagu helay xaaladda halyeeyga, sida marna ahaa in qayb ka mid kale oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas.

abuuridda

Caan First Army iyo awr la abuuray November 1919. Go'aanka ku saabsan in laisla qaatay Golaha Military Kacaanka. Hindisaha ayaa u dhiganta sameeyey doisprezece Stalin. Halabuurka The ciidanka ka koobnaa seddexda horyaal iyo awr 1da Corps. Wuxuu by Manida Budenny amray. Waxa uu ahaa kii uu hogaaminayo dhismaha cusub.

Habeeynimadii of dhacdadan ciidamada Budennogo qabsadeen saldhigga Kastornov ee gobolka casriga ah Kursk. Waxay eryadeen Socda Asluubta Mamontov iyo haragoodu. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, khadadka telefoonada iyo telegaraafka ayaa la burburay, taas oo ah sababta Budyonny ma aan aqoonin in uu yahay - Taliyaha Ciidanka koowaad ee awr. On ay go'aan rasmi ah ogeysiiyo in Stary Oskol. Xubno ka mid ah Golaha Military Kacaanka ee dhismaha cusub ayaa sidoo kale loo magacaabay Voroshilov iyo Shchadenko. The ugu horeysay ee uu horey u ka qeyb galay urur oo ka mid ah ciidamada Red 10aad, kii labaadna wuxuu lahaa waayo-aragnimo ah ee formation of qaybo yar yar.

qalab

Bilowga December 1919 waxay u yimaadeen inay Budyonny mustaqbalka Marshal Egorov, Stalin, Voroshilov iyo Shchadenko. Si wada jir ah ay u saxiixay amarka №1. Sidaas First Army iyo awr la abuuray. Amarkan waxaa loo sameeyey in Velikomikhailovka. Maanta waxaa jira museum a xusuus of Army koowaad ee awr.

ciidanka cusub ee la abuuray ayaa guul bilowga ah ee maalmood ee ugu horreeya jiritaankeeda. December 7 guul darro soo gaaray qolof caddaan Konstantin Mamontov. Valuiki qaaday. Waxaa jiray Isgoyska tareenka muhiim ah oo halkaasna waxaa joogay tareenada la rasaas iyo cuntada. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay fardo iyo boorsooyin badan.

In dagaalka for Valuiki baaritaano gaar daran sugayay Division 4aad. waxaa Against waxaa ku urursan dab culus ee tareenada gaashaaman. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, kala qeybinta habsami leh ku shaqeeya oo isku duubay oo xanjaadka u Valuiki.

Waxaa markii hore la qorsheeyey in awr ku jiri doona shan kala qaybsanaanta iyo awr. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u la'aan dadka marka hore waxaa ka mid ah saddex keli ah. Sidoo kale, sida faa'iidada labada kooxihii lugta iyo avtootryad Sverdlov lagu daray. Waxaa ka mid ah 15 baabuur Jaha la qoryaha darandooriga. Waxaa jiray Stroeva koox dad ah (12 diyaaradaha). Waxaa loogu tala galay si ay u sahamiyaan oo la dhiso xiriir u dhexeeya qaybo ka mid ah ciidanka. By awr jirtey iyadoo 4 tareenada gaashaaman: ". Awr Red" "Kommunar", "Business", "Dhimashada in Directory" iyo

Donbass

Marka Valuiki qaaday Budyonny helay amar cusub: inay line Kupyansk tagaan - thaymiin. Golaha Military Kacaanka ay go'aansatay in ay ku dhufan dharbaaxo ugu weyn ee ay weheliyaan jid tareen ah, iyo kaabayaal ah - jihada of Pokrovskoye. Weerarka ayaa la fuliyay dheereeyaa, sida hoggaanka Soviet ka cabsaday in White ku Socda muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha anigaa baabbi'in doonaa. Oo adkaysay gaariyo, goobaha caafimaadka, saldhig sahayda. On December 16, Army Red galay Kupyansk ah.

First Army iyo awr waxaa la abuuray si ay ula dagaallamaan ciidamada c Dobrarmii, ka dhigay isku day lagu guulaysan ilaa Maarso in Moscow. Haddaba White gurteen, iyo kuwo gaduud ah, u dhaqaaqo koonfur iyo koonfur-galbeed tilmaamaha, raaciyey colka xoogga Soviet.

Bishii December, ka hor inta hawsha iyo awr Army ahaa in ay ka gudbaan webiga Seversky Donets River ee degaanka Loskutovka - Nesvetevich. Inkastoo xilliga qaboobaha, barafka ku dul kuma aan xoog ku filan si ay u dhali miisaanka oo ka mid ah awr iyo madaafiic. Sidaa darteed, waxa uu ahaa 2 siyaabood oo ay ka gudbaan kala ooday tan dabiiciga ah: in lagu soo qabto buundada dhammaadeen ama dhisi aad isgoyska u gaar ah. White Guard amarka soo diray in bangiga woqooyi ee webiga ciidamada Fresh. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, subaxdii of 17 December Golaha Kacaanka Military soo saartay amar ay ku qasbi Donets ah.

First Army iyo awr ahaa in ay diiradda saaraan ciidamada gaashaaman u gaar ah, soo jiid ilaa raarka, hagaajin tareenka ee, buuxsama rasaas. Hawlgalka ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay horumarinta degdeg ah. Taas darteed, iyo awr Army koowaad ee Budenny aad bay u fog ka dariska regiments saaxiibtinimo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Donets Seversky weli waxaa ka farxiyay. Oo waxaa dhacday December 23, 1919 at waqti isku mid ah la qaatay Lisichansk.

End of 1919

December 25-26, sii dagaal culus oo dhinaca Popasnaya. Vela ay 12 th lugta Division, in uu horay u la kaashanayo tareenada gaashaaman guurto. On ay hab gembiday ciidamada Corps 2aad ee Kuban ah. December 26th Division baxay inuu khadka Popasnaya - Dmitrievka. Oo isla maalintaas 4 th ee Don iyo awr Corps waxaa dibadda kexeeyey Krinichnaya - Good. By December 27 awr Army line si buuxda u guuleysto Bakhmut - Popasnaya. White, ayaa dhanka kale, ayaa isku diyaarineysay inay counterattack garabka bidix.

Tegaayo ka danbeeya Donets Seversky ah, First iyo awr lagu sii cadaadis ku hoos amarka Guud Shkuro iyo Ulagai. December 29 Debalcevo bidix cad, iyo maalinta ku xigta - iyo Nikitovka Gorlovka. regiments In dagaal weyn oo u dhow tuulada of Alekseev-Leonovo looga adkaaday ahaayeen qeyb ka yihiin qeybta Markov ah.

9 lugta iyo 11 awr Division sii si ay uga soo Gorlovka. January 1, 1920, oo waxay ku station iyo dhegeyste Amvrosievka. Waxaa halkan waa qeybinta cad Circassian guuldarro burburiyo. haraadiga ay u carareen koonfur-bari iyo koonfur-galbeed. usbuucii la soo dhaafay ee 1919 maxaabiis ah oo cad lagu guda jiro badiyay 5000 oo qof oo lagu dilay 3,000 oo qof. Red iyo awr lagu qabtay 170 qoryaha, 24 qoryaha, 10,000 qolofka, 1.5 kun oo faras iyo qalab kale oo ciidan.

By January Donbass gebi ahaanba waxa uu ahaa gacanta Bolshevik. guul Tani waxa ay ahayd muhiimadda shaqada iyo istiraatiiji ah, dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee weyn. Jamhuuriyadda Soviet fursad u helay inuu gobolka proletarian dadku ku badan yihiin, halkaas oo ilaha kaydkiisu shidaalka. Iyo awr lagu furay jidka ugu gaaban for weerar lagu qaaday Rostov iyo Taganrog.

Rostov

In cusub 1920 First Army iyo awr ka qeyb qaatay guud ahaan waaweynaa ee Novocherkassk Rostov-shaqayn iyo dhowr beddeshay jihada. January 6 ciidamada ay qabsadeen Taganrog. Halkan ku shaqeeya dhulka hoostiisa Bolshevik ballaaran.

Maalintii ugu horraysay ee sanadka cusub iyo Budyonny Shchadenko si loo caddeeyo xaaladda u tageen inay ka qayb sare ah kooxihii ka. Voroshilov waxaa loo tixgeliyaa khabiir ku ah Donbass, iyo ku hadhay ee xarunta ciidanka ee Chistyakov ah (uu ku qoray racfaan ka shaqeeya Basin Donets ah). In Kolpakovke Budyonny la kulmay Semyon Timoshenko. Si dhakhso ah uu qeyb ka guureen Matveyev Kurgan. Waxaan la dagaalamaynay ku saabsan Generalskoe Bridge. Night January 7 White sameeyey isku day lagu guulaysan in counterattack.

January 8, Division Tymoshenko markii ugu horeysay soo galay ee Rostov-on-Don. dagaalo Street ee magaalada socday saddex maalmood. qalad Big Guard Command White la go'aansaday in la xoojiyo meelaha ay difaaca oo ku taal duleedka Rostov, laakiin ma fiiro gaar ah u ilaaliyo agagaarkeedii iyo bartamaha magaalada. muuqaalka on jidadka iyo awr cas ahaa si lama filaan ah in soo horjeeda ee Bolsheviks u dabaal mass Christmas.

January 10 si aad u badbaadiso Tymoshenko yimid 33aad Division Lewandowski iyo Rostov ugu danbeyn maray gacmaha Bolsheviks galay. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalada ka haystaa ahaayeen oo ku saabsan 10 kun Madrid. In gacmaha Army Red waxay ahaayeen daraasiin qoryaha, iyo laba boqol iyo qoryaha darandooriga iyo hantida kale.

Golaha Military Local Kacaanka warbixin guul si Lenin iyo Golaha Military Kacaanka ee Front Southern soo diray. Waxaa la sheegay in mar hore qabsaday Rostov iyo Nakhichevan, iyo cad tuuraa for Gniloaksayskuyu iyo Bataisk. roob dadaalka reebay raad dheeraad ah cadowga. In Aksay White halaagnay isgoyska of Don ah, iyo in Bataysk - iyada oo Koysug. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa u suurtagashay in ay badbaadin buundada cas iyo tareen webiga ee Rostov ah. magaalada ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha, Taliyaha ciidanku waxay, oo la aasaasay Guddiga Kacaanka.

Caucasus

Ka dib markii White tagay bangiga ee Don iyo Donets ah Basin, Dagaalka ugu weyn ayaa u dhawaaday in ay Caucasus, halkaas oo, oo u tegey Army koowaad ee awr. Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye, dhacdooyin sida bixinta havandeskapspenning iyo beddelidda in jihooyin kale waxay ahaayeen dad badan oo weyn. At koowaad ee dhajinta on Northern Caucasus diriray 8, 9, 10, iyo 11-Army. White, iyo kuwo gaduud ahaayeen siman xoog u dhigma, laakiin wakiilada dhaqdhaqaaqa White ku lahaa awr dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo iyaga siiyey fursad fiican in ay wadaan.

Oo uu March hore (on Platovskaya) Budyonny bilaabay on 11 February. Jidka adkeyd, sida bangiga bidix ee Sala ahaa la'aan dhamaystiran oo waddooyinka. gaariyo Machine-qoriga ayaa go'an ku gaari baraf ah. Gaadhi iyo madaafiic way liqday ee lakabka meter oo baraf cusub ee. Waxa ay ahayd adag iyo fardo. Waqti ka, Budyonny helay ay sirdoonka u gaar ah, kala duwanaayeen gaar dulqaadashada iyo darbay xaaladaha adag ee dagaalka. ka dibna waxay ku hawlan afgembi beerta haraaga ah Army koowaad iyo awr, ayaa la furay xilligii Soviet.

On February 15, iyo awr cas ee aagga dabadda ee biriijka ka gudbeen Manych oo bilaabay si loo horumariyo on Shablievku. Ciidamada Red ka faa'ideystay gudcurka oo wuxuu ku socday meel Whites, iyaga keenaya dharbaaxo lama filaan ah. Shablievka loo qaaday maxbuus helay Caloosheeda Guutada 1-dii Kuban Asluubta Vladimir Kryzhanovsky.

Egorlyk

Laga soo bilaabo 25-ka February si March 2, dagaalkuu Egorlykskaya - tallaabada ugu weyn ee dagaalka iyo awr, waayo, War dhan Civil. First Army iyo awr lagu qaaday qayb ka mid firfircoon waxa ku jira. Budyonny ahaa awoodaan in ay jabiyaan ciidamada General Kryzhanovsky iyo Aleksandra Pavlova. Tirada guud ee awr, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay kulanka, wuxuu ahaa 25 kun oo qof.

2nd Division Tymoshenko, qarinayaan in godkii si gaar ah loo ogol yahay in aad iskaaga u qaban column cadowga, ka dib markii taas Whites waxaa qariyey dab madaafiic culus. Waxaa jiray weerar xoog leh. White wareersan oo waxay bilaabeen inay Dumayn. Waxa ay ahayd 4 th ee Don Corps.

Under General Pavlov ahaayeen meelo kale. Xaggiisa kabtan in amarka Corps 2aad ee Don ah. Kooxdani waxa ay la kulmeen hormuudkii oo ka mid ah Qaybta lugta 20aad (ayeey u soo guurtay Egorlyk Dhexe). Si lama filaan ah oo safafka Pavlovians wedged 4aad iyo awr Division iyo awr. Si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa madaafiic iyo qoryaha machine, waxaa jiray goynta daran. Budyonny iyo Voroshilov keentay Brigade 1aad iyo gooyay jidadka cadowga baxsado in Ergolyku Dhexe.

In guuldaradii dagaalka ku soo gaaray xoog muhiim ah oo cad - Cossack awr. Taas darteed, waxay bilaabeen dib u gurasho baahsan ee soo horjeeda awoodda Soviet. Taliyaha Ciidamada koowaad ee awr ma ku guuldareysato inay ka faa'iidaystaan guul, kooxihii ay hoos qabsadeen Stavropol iyo Chomutov. raacdada dheeraad ah oo cadowga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos u dhac. Ku dhaco dhalaalid guga laga cabsado.

Kuban

March 13, 1920 waxay ahayd in Egorlykskaya Budyonny helay amarkan cusub ee Golaha Military Kacaanka ee Front Caddaan ah. Wargeyska ayaa ku jira si ay u soo gudbaan webiga Kuban. On March 14, faraska hore u yimid Ordzhonikidze (xubin ka mid ah Golaha Military Front) iyo Tukhachevsky (Taliyaha hore).

Si dhakhso ah ciidamada u soo baxeen inay xilli ciyaareedka cusub. On the bangiyada ee Kuban ah ayaa la burburiyay guryo Sultan Giray. cad Socda halaagnay inta badan isgoysyada ah. Halkii, ay dakad ku cusub, waxaa cusboonaysiiyey buundooyinka saameysey la dhisay. By March 19 awr First wuxuu u gudbay Kuban ah.

Saddex maalmood ka dib, Budyonny in Maikop yimid. Halkan waxay u adeegi jirtay shan kun oo ciidan Shevtsova. Waxay ahaayeen-Bolshevik maskax Awliyadiisa, taas oo ka koobnayd Badda Madow iyo kooxaha Caucasian. Xulka Shevtsova sidoo kale ka caawiyay dhismaha awoodda Soviet in Tuapse iyo Sochi.

Maikop ka waddo istraatiiji ah ee view, magaaladuna waxay ahayd muhiim, sida waxaa jiray shidaalka oo qiimo leh. Ay askartu waxaa si toos ah ku hawlan First Army iyo awr. Dagaalkii Sokeeye horeba waa tub ah. White Socda on Lugbuur oo dhan. hawlgalka Maikop ahaa ee la soo dhaafay si ay u Budyonny Caucasus.

Poland

In guga ee 1920 ciidanka First awr Budyonny ahaa dagaal kula Poland (ilaha wakhtigaas ereyga "hore Polish" loo isticmaalo). Muhiimad ahaan, waxa qayb ka mid ah colaad guud oo dalka ka mid ah Empire Ruush ahaa burburtay.

52 maalmood Budennogo ciidamada ayaa ka soo dhaqaaqay Maikop magaalada Yukreeniyaan of Uman. All time this dagaalka sii ciidankii reer UNR ah. Bishii May iyo June 1st awr ka qaybqaatay hawlgalka Kiev ee Ciidanka Cas. In labada maalmood ee ugu horreeya weerar, ayay u suurtagashay in ay ka adkaan of Kurovskiy Ataman ah.

hore Polish jabay on June 5. Askarta iyo kuwa turumbada ka mid ah Ciidamada koowaad iyo awr lagu galay Zhytomyr ah. doorka ugu muhiimsan ee guusha this ciyaaray Division 4th, amray by Dmitry Korotchaev. ciidankii Polish Small ka adkaadeen. badan oo Ciidamada Red lagu sii daayay maxaabiistii. Oo isla maalintaas oo polish ka tagay Berdichev.

Oo waagaas of June 1920, taliyaha First awr Army ee Army Red la hawlan horrayn abuuritaanka gacanta ku waddooyinka iyo tareennada ugu muhiimsan. Waxaa Budyonny link qarxay oo u dhexeeya Ciidamada Polish, kaas oo ka caawiyay ciidamada kale ee Soviet qabsadeen Kiev. Dabayaaqadii June, iyo awr u yimid in Novograd Volyn, iyo July 10 - in Rivne.

Dhamaadka July 1920 Budennys wareejiyay hoos Lions. Halkan waxay la kulantay Front Galbeed (hore waxay qayb ka hor Southwest waxay ahaayeen). August 16 ayaa ka farxiyay soo bahal reer galbeedka. Maalmihii dagaal lagu hoobtay oo loogu talagalay Lions. Against Army Cas shaqeeya diyaaradaha iyo tareenada gaashaaman. Dhacdooyinka agagaarka of Lvov ka sheekaysay "Sidee Steel ahaaye hagaajiyey", qoraal Nikolaem Ostrovskim dhacay.

Red awr weli ma ay qabsadeen magaalada. Amar ku bixiyay in Tukhachevskogo sii Lublin, ayay ka tageen goobta Lvov. In maalmood ee la soo dhaafay ee August ayaa la dagaalamaya Zamosc. Halkan taliyaha ciidamada koowaad ee awr in dagaalkii ka Budyonny Civil ayaa awoodi waayay in ay jebiyaan iska caabin ah ee polish ah oo ku hadla ee ku saabsan in ay dhinac ka mid ah Ukraine ee Army UNR ah.

Crimea

Bishii September 1920, Red awr ahaa bogga hore ee koonfurta, halkaas oo uu sii waday dagaal ka dhan ah Whites ay gacanta ku Crimea ee Wrangel. Raacay in howlgalka November Perekop-Chongarsky hoos amarka Mihaila Frunze dhamaaday shaqo u saarney cas.

iyo awr ayaa kaalin weyn oo guusha ee Red Army ee dagaallada meel u dhow bridgehead Kakhovka ah. Budyonny wada dhaqmeen la Second awr Army, oo wuxuu amray by Philip Mironov.

dagaaladii ugu dambeeyey ee ka mid ah formation caanka ka tirsan qaboobaha ee 1920-1921. Taliyaha Ciidamada koowaad ee awr mar kale keentay in ciidamada uu si Ukraine, halkaas oo maamulka Soviet sii waday in ay halgan kula Makhno. Taasi waxaa xigay kala iibsiga Waqooyiga Caucasus, halkaas oo ciidanka mucaaradka ka adkaadeen Mihaila Przhevalskogo. Kala diro Ciidamada koowaad iyo awr lagu qaaday bishii May 1921. xarunta ay sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan ilaa dayrta ee 1923 July.

Horumarka iyo awr ee Russia ayaa sababa rearrangements dhakhso u Xeelaysanayn dabacsanaan iyo ka-fiirsashada khayraadka ka xoogbadan, iyo Khayraadka Tamarta si ay jihada ee weerarka ugu weyn. iyo awr Red jeclaaday weerar lama filaan ah iyo in la dhexgalo cad qaababka iyo cutub oo iyaga u gaar ah oo kala duwan.

Doisprezece Stalin, madaxa mustaqbalka ee gobolka Soviet, ahaa Army Red sharafeedka in awr koowaad (title isku ahaa Marshal Egorov). Ka dib markii Dagaalkii Sokeeye, waxay heleen xaaladda calaamad muhiim ah oo dagaalka guul ka dhanka ah soo horjeeda ee Bolsheviks ah. Budyonny dhexdooda ugu horeysay ee shan horjoogayaal ah Soviet ahaa. sidoo kale waa saddex jeer abaal Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee.

Maanta ee gobolka Rostov Degmada Zernogradsky ka shaqeeya beeraha iyo rakuubbo of Army koowaad ee fardooley ah. In Lviv rakibay taallo Budennys. Jidadka iyo awr lagu qabto Stary Oskol, Simferopol iyo Rostov-on-Don. Her image farshaxanka lagu yaqaan ururinta Isaaka Babelya sheekooyin gaagaaban, filimada Yefim Dzigan, George iyo Vladimir Berezko Lyubomudrova.