Elbrus - ka buurta Greater Caucasus

Elbrus - buurta, taas oo dhab ahaantii ay awoodaan in ay amaah ku tuur, labada climbers doonaya inay qabsadaan shir ku xigta, oo safarka ah ee ugu badan, kuwaas oo sannad kasta u yimaadeen inay cagteeda cad, si ay u dareemaan awoodda iyo xoogga ee ugu sarreysa dhagax. Dabcan, ninna ma uu niyad.

Maqaalkani waxa uu sheegi doonaa ma aha oo kaliya oo ku saabsan sida, in waxa buuraha Elbrus, laakiin sidoo kale barayaa akhristayaasha in qaababka ay, qarsoon magacyada, khuraafaadka iyo halyeeyadoodii hore.

Qaybta 1. Tilmaanta Guud ee shayga juquraafi

Elbrus - buurta, unbaa loo arkaa meesha ugu sarreysa ee Ruushka, oo ku yaalla qaybta waqooyi ee Greater kala duwan oo buurta Caucasus, soohdinta reer Karachay-Cherkessia iyo Kabardino-Balkaria.

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in inta u dhaxaysa Europe iyo Asia ayaa weli ma aasaasay soohdinta saxda ah, mararka qaar taag Gallobayse top buurta Yurub ugu sareeya iyo ka mid ah "Todobo shirwaynayaasha" waa. Waxaa dhici karta in qaar ka mid ah wakhtiga iyo juqraafiga, ugu dambeyntii loo ogol yahay khilaafka, laakiin waxaa la ogsoon yahay si xaqiiq ah Elbrus - buurta, taas oo ah wax-u stratovolcano a ancipitate. Its danbow koorta-qaabeeya la sameeyey oo ku saleysan volcano hore, iyo hal dhibic dhulka of view, labada danbow gabi ahaanba waa marno madax banaan, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay qaab a classic iyo bohol si cad loogu dhawaaqo.

buuraha Elbrus Caucasus ... ... Kuwanu waa meelaha dhab ahaan caan ku tahay taariikhda qadiimiga ah. Dad yar ogahay in da'da la go'aamiyo sida qaybta sare ee kaas oo, tusaale ahaan, ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee Russia halaagnay Gaf toosan. Waxaa la aasaasay iyo taariikhda qarax ee la soo dhaafay, waxay ahayd abbaaraha 50 sano BC. e.

Qaybta 2: maqan ee magacyada ugu sarreysa

Waxaa laga yaabaa in su'aasha ah ee, halkaas oo waa Buur Elbrus, yar ha fikir, laakiin jawaabtu tahay ardayga Caraabaah iyo celcelis ahaan, laakiin taasi ku saabsan eray ee magaca la og yahay in tiro yar.

Guud ahaan, waxaa la ogaadaa in vertex uu leeyahay dhowr magacyada. Guud ahaan waxaa jira in ka badan dersin.

Maanta waa arrin adag in la ogaado oo u yimid magaca hore, iyo qaar ka mid ah ka dib. Magaca casriga ah ee buurta, sida uu sheegay mid ka mid ah version, waxay ka timaadaa "Aytibares" Iran, kuwaas oo lagu turjumay hab Ruush "buur" ama "cajiib ah" (version of afka Zend ah). peak Karachai-Balkarian loo yaqaan "Ming-Tau," taasoo micnaheedu tahay Ruush sida "buur kun." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira Balkars, kuwaas oo u wac yar ka duwan - "Ming-Tau", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "buurta kooraystay." wakiilada Modern of umadan weli odhan "Elbrus-Tau" - "buurta ku xeeran oo lashiidey dabaysha".

Waxaa ka mid ah magacyada badan stratovolcano sidoo kale la kala saaro magaca "Dzhinpadishah", kaas oo ka Turkic turjumay codadka sida "Eebaha Ruux ka", "Orfi-tube" (Abkhaz) - "Mountain barakeeyey" ama "Yal-mashquulo" (Joorijiyaan) - "baraf baar ".

Qaybta 3: Waa maxay height ee Mount Elbrus?

Waxaa laga yaabaa in su'aashan ugu yaraan hal mar noloshaada xiiso daabaca badan. Laakiin jawaabtu ma aha sida sahlan isaga sida ay u muuqato at jaleecada hore. Waa maxay sababta? All arrinta ee dhegyadii of dhismeedkooda.

Sida aan kor ku xusay, Elbrus - buurta, oo ka kooban laba danbow koorta-qaabeeya. height galbeed - 5642 oo mitir, iyo bari - 5621 m. iyaga qaybsadeen badan dusha sare ee koore ka gaartay 5300 oo mitir oo meel fog ka soo midba midka kale wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 3000 mitir.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee uu go'aamiyo xajmiga Elbrus Ruush Academician K. Wisniewski ee 1813.

Xusuustaa taariikhda, meesha ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee dunida waxaa loo arkaa Mount Everest (Qomolangma), oo sarajooggiisu - 8848 oo mitir, marka la barbardhigo oo peak buurta noo muuqataa yar.

Qaybta 4. Darnaanta cimilada degaanka

Mount Elbrus ... fuulayaan to top of iyada oo inta badan ku riyoon labada climbers khibrad iyo bilowga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la samayn karaa ma, waqti kasta. The wanaagsan ugu waa xagaaga, July iyo August.

Wakhtigan cimiladu waa ka xasilloon oo ammaan ah si ay u booqdaan meelaha sida. heerkulka xagaaga dhif dhaco ka hooseeya -9 ° C, in kasta oo soo bixitaankii iyo dhicitaankii noqon kartaa ilaa -30 ° C.

Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa April, in meelahan qiimihiisu jiilaalka a adag oo qabow. In cimilada qabow, booqasho uu ku peak durba waa wax aan macquul aheyn, oo jaranjarrada loo fuulaana waxay in ay xiranyihiin oo ismiidaamin ah.

Qaybta 5. Waxqabadka Kobenhagen

Elbrus waa mid cajiib ah oo u gaar ah. Description Mountain qaadataa waqti aad u badan, maxaa yeelay, mar kasta oo laga helay muuqaalada iyo aad u badan oo xiiso leh.

In this article, waxaan ka hadli doono oo kaliya ugu dam ah. waxbarashada Geological ee volcano ku bakhtiyeen tusay joogitaanka layers kooban ash Kobenhagen, taas oo la aasaasay by ee Mandheera qadiimiga ah. On lakabka ugu horeysay, saynisyahano ayaa cadeeyay in qarax aad u horeysay Elbrus dhacay oo ku saabsan 45,000 oo sano ka hor. Lakabka labaad, waxaa la sameeyay ka dib markii qarax Kazbek. Waxaa dhacay 40 kun oo sano ka hor.

Hadda waxaa la ogsoon yahay in ay ahayd ka dib markii labaad, oo awood badan, xataa heerka casriga ah, qarax oo ka mid ah Neanderthals, kuwaas oo degay godadka maxaliga ah, ay dalka ka tagtay oo waxay u tageen in search of xaaladaha wanaagsan dheeraad ah u ah nolosha.

qarax ugu dambeeyey ee volcano Elbrus dhacay oo ku saabsan 2000 sano ka hor (50 sannadood E.. BC).

Qaybta 6. warkii Mount Elbrus

Guud ahaan, Caucasus Buuraha, Elbrus gaar ahaan, waxaa loo gelinayo in badan oo ka mid ah halyeeyada iyo khuraafaadka ugu yaab leh oo dahsoon.

Mid ka mid ah sheekooyinka sheegayaa in wakhtiyadii hore ku noolaa aabbe iyo ina - Kazbek iyo Elbrus. Oo labadoodaba waxaa ka dhacay jacayl la gabar aad u qurux badan u yeedhay Mashuk. Kaliya gabar iyadu ma laga yaabaa doorashada u dhexeeya labada geesiyaal ammaan badan. Muddo dheer, aabbihiis iyo ina tartamay, ma doonaya in la siiyo in midba midka kale wuxuu ku dhuftay ilaa u dhaxeeya dagaal lagu hoobtay. Wayna la dirireen ilaa ilaa Elbrus aabbihiis kama garaacday. Laakiin, ogaaday inuu camal laga cabsado, ina soo jeestay cirradayda walbahaar. Waxa uu mar dambe ma doonayay in ay jecel yihiin, soo saaray qiimaha la jecel yahay mid ka mid ah nolosha iyo ka Elbrus qurux Mashuk jeestay, markii dambe isugu mindi la seeftii isla wixii uu aabbihiis dilay.

Beautiful Mashuk dheer oo aad u ooyay badan Knights iyo ayaa sheegay in dalka oo dhan ma jirin geesiyaal sida, iyo in ay adag tahay in ay ku noolaadaan dunida this aan iyaga arkaya.

Ilaah ka maqlay iyada oohin, oo waxay u jeediyeen Kazbek iyo Elbrus ee ah kuwa buuraha dhaadheer, qurux badan oo kor ku xusan oo Caucasus mar dambe sii jirin waa. Beauty Mashuk uu soo buurta ka yar. Oo haatan, ka qarnigii qarnigii, maalin ka maalin, waxaa jira gabar dhagax oo u muuqdo mid ah shirwaynayaasha xoog badan oo aan go'aan ka mid ahaa laba geesiyaal ka dhaw iyo ka jeeeeshihiin Ilaahay wadnaha iyada oo dhagax ah oo ...

Qaybta 7. Taariikhda ka conquests weyn

In 1829, uu hoggaaminayo madaxa duulaan cilmi Georgiem Emmanuelem la sameeyey jiirtii koowaad ee Mount Elbrus. Xubno ka mid ah duulaan ku noqday inta badan aqoonyahano: .. Physics, botanists, xayawaanka, Haseyeeshee, iwm Waxay guulaystay qaybta bari ee Elbrus iyo taariikhda ka dhigay sida discoverer ee mid ka mid ah danbow ugu weyn ee dhulkeenna Earth.

First fuusho Elbrus Kilar Khachirov - kaari. A dhowr sano ka dib waxaa la jebiyey, iyo meesha ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee buurtan - Western. duulaan The, oo ay climbers British madax Florence abaabulay ahaa Grove, ka dhigay safarka qaybta galbeed ee Mount Elbrus ee 1874tii. Ninkii ugu horreeyey inay fuulaan dusha sare waxaa ka mid ah, sidoo kale, wuxuu ahaa kaari ah, waxaa Balkar, Axiiyaah Sottayev - xubin ka mid ah duulaan ugu horeysay.

Later, waxaa jiray qof u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato labada sare ee Elbrus. Waxay ahayd topographer ku A. Ruush V. Pastuhov. Waxa uu 1890 ku kici karo shirwaynaha galbeedka, iyo in 1896 - bari. Ninka la mid ah ayaa ka dhigay maps faahfaahsan ee Mount Elbrus.

Waa in la ogaadaa in weli ay jirto stratovolcano ah waa climbers buurta ugu caansan oo dunida ku baahsan. Si aad u fuuli iyada top, climbers qaataan celcelis ahaan ku saabsan hal todobaad.

Laakiin maalmahan, waxaad qaadan kartaa baabuur cable ka, taas oo si weyn u fududeeya jidka oo uu tashiilo waqtiga.

At sare ah ee 3750 m jirto a "barmiil" hoy, halkaas oo hadda inta badan ay bilowdey in la koro Elbrus. hoy waxa uu leeyahay a gaadhi oo foosto lix-dahaaran iyo jikada si gaar ah u qalabaysan. At heerka of 4100 mitir waa buurta ugu sareeya ee hotel dunida - "kow iyo toban Shelter".

Qaybta 8. likaha Stone on Elbrus

Elbrus - buurta, kaasoo kara inuu captivate safra waayo muuqaalada dabiiciga ah, tusaale ahaan, qaababka dhagaxa weyn u gaar ah, loo yaqaan likaha dhagax.

Ilaa iyo hadda, qofna ma ninna waxba kama oga sababta dhagaxyada dadku u yaqaan likaha, iyo meel ee Caucasus Sidaana sida mar dambe arkay. On aag yar guri (250 x 100 m) kala firdhiyey darsin laba sawiro "fangaska" sida. In badan oo ka mid ah waxaad ka arki kartaa jeexdin ah.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isticmaalaan awowayaashayo in nooc ka mid ah si ay diinta. Gaar ahaan cajiib ah waa dhagaxyo in eg weji kor u eegay. Qaar badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in this meel tamarta aad u xoogan wanaagsan yahay, oo xataa cimilada halkan waa mid aad u anomalous.

Qaybta 9. Elbrus Difaaca Museum

Difaaca Museum - matxafka ugu sarreeya dunida oo. Waxay ku taalaa at sare ah ee 3500 mitir ka sarreysaa oogada badda.

aqonsado gaadhista been in xaqiiqda ah in aanay waxa ay ku egtahay dhismaha, iyo sii dhacay degaanka ku hareereysan.

Hay'addani ayaa ka hawlgala tan iyo 1dii January 1972. Its horumarinta iyo ilaalinta ee ururinta waxaa had iyo jeer lagu daawaday cilmiga iyo laba shaqaale ah.

ururinta waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan 270 alaabta. Waa in la ogaadaa in intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka Labaad ee Elbrus waxaa ku yaalla hore ugu sareeya buurta. Meelaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen dagaalo kulul baas buurta, taasoo naasiga ah isku dayeen in ay qaataan si ay u hesho in ay Caucasus u sarreeyey.

qalabka Photodocumentary dhacdooyinkan oo sannado badan loo hayo museum this. Difaaca Museum Prielbrusye - waa urur hoos jooge gobolka, kaas oo la fuliyaa shaqada dhaqanka.

Qaybta 10. xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan Mount

• In 1956, oo lagu sharfayo guuradii 400aad ee Kabardino Balkaria, Elbrus Mountain waqti isku mid ah ayaan ahaa awoodaan in ay fuulaan koox ka mid ah 400 climbers.
• In 1998, dab dhismihii hoteelka "kow iyo toban Shelter" gubay. Si aad u taariikhda, goobta dhismaha jir alwaax, masuuliyiinta maxalliga ah dhiseysa cusub.
• In 1991, majaladda baxsan musqusha Magazine "kow iyo toban Shelter" ayaa loo magacaabay musqusha xun dunida oo dhan. Tani ma aha la yaab, la siiyo xaqiiqada ah in kumanaan kun oo dalxiisayaal ah oo buurta iyo climbers ka adduunka oo dhan muddo sanado ah ayaa meeshan loo isticmaalo ujeeddo gaar ah.
• Elbrus waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah danbow ugu halista badan dunida. Inta lagu jiro jiirtii buurta aad inta badan shilalka ka dhici. In 2004 oo keliya, ay ku dhinteen 48 orda, adventurers iyo climbers.
• In 1997, markii ugu horeysay sare ee Elbrus Waxaan ahaa in ay la yimaadaan baabuur gaar ah u qalabaysan iyo modified Land Rover awoodaan. ninkii eryay baabuur this - socotada Ruush Abramov.
• Mount Elbrus iska leh "Todoba shirwaynayaasha", marka lagu daro, waxa uu ku jira liiska ay kala yihiin: Aconcagua ee South America, Mount Everest ee Asia, Mount McKinley ee North America, Vinson Massif in Jacaylku, Kilimanjaro ee Africa, Puncak Jaya iyo Oceania iyo Australia.
• More on Elbrus ayaa 22 glaciers, taas oo u biilaabay saddex Wabiyaal Kuban iyo Baksan iyo Malka.
• Mararka sare ee climbers Mount Elbrus ka si deg deg ah u arki karaan Badda Madow iyo Caspian ah. Tani waxay ku xiran tahay cadaadiska iyo heerkulka, si ay u caawiyaan aad u koraa dib u eegis gacan.
• Sannadkii 2008, Mount Elbrus ayaa loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah toddobada mucjiso ee Russia.