Dhismaha cagta sida calaamad oo kaamil ah evolutionary ee jirka aadanaha.

bipedalism Evolutionary dhigi qaybaha gaarka ah ee lafaha aadanaha, taas oo uu leeyahay analogues no ka mid ah oo gogo 'oo la mid ah ka mid ah lafaha wakiilada kale ee dunida xayawaanka. First, badala qaab-dhabarta, taas oo loo ogol yahay qofka in ay degan yihiin meel vertical si ixtiraam leh in dusha sare ee uu dhaqdhaqaaqa. Iyo marka labaad, nooca, siiyey load joogto ah on cagta, lafaha cagta in uu is beddelay, si ay u, markeeda, dareemay daal lahayn halka socda ama taagan. Daily fal kasta oo sida baabuurta la qaybgalka ee addimada hoose, ninkii bartey cadaadis dhan ay miisaan u gaar ah on this anatomy muuqda jilicsan iyo mid yar. Dhismaha cagta waa mid aad u adag tahay in dabeecadda, sida qaybta dhismaha ku jira tiro badan ee lafaha, seedaha, kala-goysyada, oo aad u dhuuban, iyo sidoo kale kala duwan ee dabeecadihiisa functional muruqyada. Lafaha halkan, sida runtii in kasta oo kale oo qayb ka mid ah jidhka ku jira lafaha in ay u sameeyaan muuqaalka kala duwan ee cagta. Sida gacmaha addimada sare, iyo in cagta, waxaa jira saddex waaxda muhiim ah.

1. Tarsos ah. Sidaas daraaddeed in qayb ka mid ah xiriirisa badan oo lafaha embriyaha of darafkeeda hoose ganaax. Sida laga soo xigtay in ay qaab-dhismeedka histological oo ka mid ah lafaha tarsal loo kala saari karaa sida geed isbonji la yidhaahdo tirada aad u gaaban. Guud ahaan, waxaa jira toddoba lafaha Tarsos yar, kuwaas oo ugu weyn waxaa loo tixgelinayaa isku dhac iyo calcaneus. Qaar kale, kuwaas oo, saddexda waslad-qaabeeya, ama bulukeetiga guryaha iyo lafaha galay xagta ee dhinacyada ay si weyn uga liidataan labada ugu horreeya. Dhismaha cagta gaar ahaan in uu leeyahay tiro badan oo kala goysyada articular on dusha a yar. Astragalus lafo soo gaaray sameynta wadajirka canqowga ah. lafaha ka haray cagta aadanaha ayaa sidoo kale ku xiran in midba midka kale via goysyada kale.
2. Hock. Waa qayb ka mid ah dhexda u dhexeeya lafaha predplyusnievymi iyo phalanges cagaha. Metatarsals waxaa lagu abaabulaa xoogaa distal saddex waslad-qaabeeya iyo lafta ama bulukeetiga guryaha. In lafaha plyusnievyh jira saddex durkiya, madaxa, oo iyaga isku xira la phalanxes, jidhka iyo salka xira, kuwaas oo qaab-dhismeedka jidh lafaha yar tarsal kalagoysyada.
3. Phalanges. Iyagu waa sida caadiga ah saddex, ma ka mid yihiin farta ugu horeeyay, taas oo ay jiraan phalanges laba kaliya. Tani waa qayb ka mid ah oo kaliya of xidhmooyin ah, kaas oo noqon kara xodan iyo unbent, iyada oo aan la tixgelinayo si wadajir ah anqawga, taas oo ah nus ka mid ah lafaha lugta.

Dhismaha cagta leeyahay feature kale oo gaar ah, oo dhan si ay booska toosan ee jirka oo dhan mahad. Xaqiiqada ah in dhidibka gaadhya cagta waxa uu ku yaalaa ku dhawaad at xaglo xaq u leedahay inaad dhidibka taagan qaybtii proximal ah addimada hoose, si kastaba ha ahaatee, lafta aagga ma aha in diyaarad la mid ah sida ay qaar ka mid ah foomamka gaadhya ah, iyo qaybaha kale ee ay xafiiltamaan ee transverse. Qeybtii concave ee calaacalaha jeeda cagta, iyo convex ah - in ay dusha danbe, siday u kala horreeyaan. Qaab dhismeedka cagta waxa uu ku siinayaa springiness, barti iyo macaanaa ee wiiqmin. At intiisa kale, qof caafimaad qaba si ay dhulka u xidh taabtay lafta ciribta (ay buuraha leh) iyo madaxa lafihii jab. Wax kasta oo kale oo waa ku xiga si ay dhulka ugu waa unugyada jilicsan cagta. Halkaa marka ay marayso, ie, waqti nasasho, xafiiltamaan ee taageeraya, oo ay matalayaan oogada sare ee cagta, sidoo kale taabto dhulka, iyo qarkiisa ka soo horjeeda gudaha wax yar ka dabaqa kiciyey oo u dhaqmo sida guga caleen (guga set group). Inta lagu guda jiro socdaan xafiiltamaan ee flattens group guga, waxaa ku soo laabtay ay markii hore, oon Jilcinta tallaabo lana yareeyo culeyska miisaanka jidhka on foot laftiisa.