Dhaqaalaha Finnish: Qaabkadhismeedka warshadaha

Finland - casriga ah gabi ahaanba oo kale iyo ficil ahaan ugu awoodda Midowga Yurub. Markaasaa waxaa taas ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in dalka this mugga ugu hooseeya tirada dadka ee Midowga Yurub, cimilada oo aad u adag oo qabow, kala fog degsiimooyinka iyo xad la taaban karo khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo alaabta ceeriin. Waxaana taa ugu wacan this, dhaqaalaha Finnish haysato aad u halis ah taas oo ku xidhan ansaxnimada siyaasadda gobolka, kuwaas oo si joogto ah loo hubiyaa caqabadaha casriga ah ee la xidhiidha dhakhso ku filan, xataa baad u odhan kartaa gabowga ee deg deg ah ee ay dadka iyo adduunka.

The fallaadhaha ugu weyn

Country Suomi doortay waddo adag, loogu talagalay in lagu gaarayo ujeedooyinka qaranka, sidii loo xoojin lahaa tartan wanaagsan saaxadda caalamiga ah, iyo horumar dhamaystiran oo daryeelka muwaadiniinta oo dhan ee dalka. Si taas loo gaaro, dhaqaalaha Finnish maanta waxaa loogu talagalay horumarinta waxtarka horumarka gobolka, taas oo ah si loo hubiyo in gobol kasta oo ah gobolka uu karin inuu si buuxda u Sagna awoodooda qarsoon. Marka tan la eego, dalka bixisaa in dayactirka ma aha oo kaliya meelaha ugu saboolsan, laakiin sidoo kale gobollada kale si ay u wanaajiyaan hab dhaqanka dhaqaale iyo iska caabin ah si loo bedelo masraxa adduunka ugu dareenka. Tani waa meel muhiim ah istiraatiijiyadda hadda ee Dowladda Finland.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Taariikhda horumarinta dhaqaalaha Finnish waa mid aad u firfircoon oo wanaagsan. Taasi waa kaliya wajiga of 1960-1970 sano, marka ugu sarreysa gaadhay tirada ugu badan ee dadka ku dhashay ee muddada guudahaan. Waxay ahayd waqti this waxaa socdaalka ugu weyn ee dadka leh da 'shaqo ee gobollada beeraha ee degaannada maamulka iyo warshadaha ah. The labaatan sano ee soo socota, dhaqaalaha Finnish waa yara deggan oo si siman u horumariyo. Dawladdu waxay diyaar u yahay in la abuuro dheelitirka ah loo isitcmaalo siyaabo kala duwan si ay u caawiyaan horumarinta ee jaamacadda magaalo, gobol iyo degmo. In tababar, taas waxay keentay in abuurka ah ee loogu yeero tuulooyinka farsamada, kuwaas oo ku yiil analogues suschestvuschey hadda US Silicon Valley - meel xirmaan hadafka ay khubaro ugu wanaagsan oo dunida ku baahsan. Iyo hab noocan ah waa hoggaanka Finnish keentay in xaqiiqda ah in shirkado badan ay si ula kac daweeyey tuulooyinka kuwaas oo si aad u hesho natiijooyinka loo baahan yahay in ay cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta. Mid ka mid ah tuulooyinka farsamada ee ugu weyn waa Oulu, taas oo aysan awoodin in ay siin wadadii awood horumarinta gobolka.

dhibaatooyinka

dhaqaalaha Finnish soo maray dhibaatooyin gaar ah sanadkii 1990, kaas oo markii danbe raacay by wajiga ka mid ah dib u soo kabashada. Dhibatooyinka ee gobolka ayaa sababay xaqiiqada ah in ay jirto dib u dhac ah ee koritaanka dadka goobaha warshadaha da'da jir ah shaqada, taas oo keentay in kaalmihii u halis ah oo ka mid ah xuduudaha ee loo yaqaan warshadaha Finland ka. Xaaladdan ayaa la siiyaa soo qaxeen si degdeg ah u shaqada ka aagga koonfur-bari iyo nawaaxigeeda ee dalka. Xaaladdan oo kale, degaanka ku hareereysan ee Helsinki si degdeg ah ku koray iyo farqiga gobolka kaliya potihnonku kordhay.

In faahfaahin dheeraad ah, in Uusimaa, Varsinais-Suomi, Pirkanmaa iyo Pohjanmaa Pohoys muddada 1994-2000 koritaanka dhaqaale ee u dhexeysa 6.5%, halka heerka dalka oo ah 5%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwan ee gobolka oo kaliya sii xumaatay, iyo shaqo la'aanta ku koray. Waxaa xusid mudan in sanadkii 1990, ay heerka ahaa 3.2% ee dalka, iyo in 1995 - horeba 15%.

Period 2000

dhaqaalaha Sotsorientirovannaya Finnish ee sannadaha hore ee qarnigii 21-kii bilaabay in ay la kulmaan la barbardhigo in ka yar, laakiin madaxda iyo kuwiina dib marka la eego horumarinta gobolka isku mid. Heerka suubban ee koboc dhaqaale oo keentay in xaqiiqda ah in tilmaamayaasha horumarka dhaqaalaha ayaa la safan iyo isku dheeli tiran. Barbaro ah in ay this, waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah hoos u gaabis socdaalka ee dadka ku nool degsiimooyinka waaweyn iyo xarumaha warshadaha, sida badan dadka Finnishka ah waxaa la soo waxa la yiraahdo overpopulation: qaybta adeegyada bulshada waxay bilaabeen in ay la kulmaan ciriiri weyn, qiimaha guryaha ayaa sidoo kale si weyn u kordhay oo ahaa mid aad u heer sare ah ee badan.

All this macquul keentay in xaqiiqda ah in dhaqankan cusub ee dadka u dhaqaaqo agagaarkeedii, iyo degmada ay dadku ku nool kordhay. Intaa waxaa dheer, 2012 ahaa tub ee isugu shabahay qaar ka mid ah, oo ah geedi socod ee hoos ka mid ah dadka leh da 'shaqo da'doodu tahay 15-64 sano ee. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, 2025 tirada dadka ka weyn 64 sano sii korodhsan doonaa degmada caasimada by 80% marka la barbar dhigo heerarka hadda, iyo Eastern Finland la kulmi doonaan yaraanta shaqada, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, si weyn u xaddido waaxda wax soo saarka ee horumarinta sii horusocod ah. Hagaajinta marka la eego tirada dadka da'da shaqada lagu arkay doonaa oo kaliya in ganacsiga, dalxiiska, ganacsiga, iyo caafimaadka.

togan

Oo ka mid ah tayada wanaagsan ee waqooyiga dalka ay yihiin kuwa soo socda:

• furfurnaanta ee dhaqaalaha Finnish.
• xasillooni siyaasadeed.
• Xeel kaabayaasha.
• Isku hallaynta ah hababka isgaarsiinta.
• dhexgalka The kaamil ah inta u dhaxaysa shirkada, cilmi baarista, xarumaha kala duwan ee hadda jira farsamada iyo jaamacadaha.
• xawaaraha horumarinta ee alaabta cusub iyo teknoolajiyada.
• heerka A filan waxbarashada ee dadka deegaanka.
• cimilada fiicnayn for ganacsiga.

qaybta dadweynaha

shirkadaha laga leeyahay dalka State waxay bixisaa kaalin muhiim ah horumarinta dalka. Inta lagu jiro 1990, ayaa lagu reebay shirkadaha sida ay gacanta dawladda, sida: Machadka Maamul Dadweynaha, xarunta map-ka, daabacaadda iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee maray gaar qayb ka mid ah:

• "Qaad" (turxaan iyo kiimikada).
• "Fortum" (waaxda tamarta).
• "Outokumpu" (wax soo saarka).
• "Valmet" (injineernimada farsamada).
• "Sampo" iyo "Sponda" (adeegyada maaliyadeed, real estate).
• "Stora Enso" (timber, alwaaxa iyo warshadaha saxarka iyo warqad).

Inta lagu jiro muddada 1990-2000. Privatization ayaa keenay in khasnadda dawladda 11 billion oo doolar.

gaar warshadaha

Finland (maanta dhaqaalaha dalka uu ka jiro koritaanka gaabis leh inta kale ee Midowga Yurub marka la barbar dhigo) sida qaybaha waaweyn ayaa kaynta, macluumaadka, isgaarsiinta, metallurgy, tamarta, mashiinka-dhisidda, cuntada-, dhismaha, iyo daryeelka caafimaadka iyo bixinta adeegyada ganacsi. Waa in la ogaadaa in waaxda beeraha ee muddada 1940-1950 ayaa keenay ee dalka in ka badan 25% ka mid ah wax soo saarka qaranka ee guud, iyo in maalmood our - 3%. At booska ugu horeysay baxsaday collar, oo abuuraa 60% GNP ah. Ilaa 1980, waxa uu si tartiib ah ku koray iyo saamiga saamayn warshadaha, laakiin maanta ay share go'an yahay qiyaastii 28%.

alwaax Recycling

Kaymaha - Xoolo ugu weyn ee gobolka Finnish. Waxaa ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee processing qoryo muuqato; UPM-Kymmene, Stora Enso oo Metsä Group. By habka, shirkadda dunida-yaqaano Nokia ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay hawlo ganacsi ay la furitaanka dhagax saxarka ah, iyo kaliya in horraantii 1990 go'aansadeen in ay tagaan ka howgala of isgaarsiinta.

Waqtiga 2007 10% wadarta dunida dhoofinta labada saxarka kaynta iyo waraaqaha ku jiray Finland. Iyo qiimaha dhoofinta warqad daabacaadda iyo ku jiray oo dhan hal-shanaad ee guud ahaan dhoofinta.

Metallurgy iyo injineernimada farsamada

dhaqaalaha Finland ee qeybta this ka wakiil yahay shirkadaha sida:

• Sisu Auto - saarka ee taraagyada iyo baabuurta gaarka ah ee qaybta ugu baahida warshadaha difaaca.
• Wärtsilä - saarta matoorada waayo, weelasha awoodda kala duwan, habab nooca-fur, shaabadihiisa, Hab kontaroolo iyo wixii la mid ah.
• Wekman - saare ee marmarka biraha.
• Kone - saarta wiishashka, dhaqaaqin la socdo, escalators iyo wiishashka rakaabka.
• Abloy - dunida soo saaraha caanka ah ee nidaamyada dareysa, qufulada, hardware naqshadda, qufulada, oo ay ku jirto farsamada korontada.
• Rautaruukki - saaraha ee dhismayaasha birta dhismaha iyo steels gaar ah.
• Outokumpu - saarta ahama.

Waxay kale oo keentaa dakhli la taaban karo hawlaha First Macdanta Quantum ee shirkadda, taas oo waxa la oggol yahay iyo ku hawlan horumarinta ugu weyn ee anigaa iska Finnish ah nickel ciidda, oo ku yaalla Lappland. Muga-soo-saarka waa kala duwan ee 10 million tons sannadkii.

By dhamaadka 2015, 121,000 qof ayaa ku lug leh maslaxadda injineernimada ah. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo dhoofinta, 2015 waxay ahayd guul wayn for warshadaha. Dakhliga ka yimaada iibka lacag 12.6 billion euros.

ganacsiga birta waxaa gaarka ah ee wax soo saarka ee steel. Ka dib markii natiijada 2015 Finland waxay ahayd meel 31-aad ee dunida marka la eego mugga guud ee dhalaalid ee birta (3.9 million tons). daqiijin jireen Steel si buuxda u daboosho baahida dhammaan gobolka gudaha bir ah suuqa.

warshadaha kiimikada

Kaalinta saddexaad ee formation of GDP Finland ee. waxyaabaha kiimikada waa qiyaastii heer la mid ah ee dalka sanado badan, ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka baahida aad u xoog badan, ma aha oo kaliya in suuqa shisheeye, laakiin sidoo kale in guriga ay.

About 60% oo dhan alaabta kiimikada lagu iibiyo Midowga Yurub iyo Bariga Yurub. dhaqaalaha Finland ayaa maanta inta badan ku leedahay dhinaca horumarinta dhaxeeya kooxo sida warshadaha kiimikada, sida:

• "Kemira" - group, oo ku takhasustay soo saarka ee kiimikada, Bacriminta, rinjiga, lacquers, Beeyada, adhesives. Waa Rafaa tani waa mid ka kaliya ee soo saaraha dunida kooxo dhamaystiran oo kiimikada-fasalka sare ee bleaching saxarka warqad. Waxaa sidoo kale ah hogaamiyaha dunida ee wax soo saarka ee formic acid.
• "Kemira Grow Sidee" - sida fallaadhaha weyn ee group hawl doortay soo saarka ee Bacriminta iyo xayawaanka feed.
• "Tikkurila" - ugu weyn ee soo saaraha Old World of warshadaha, dhismaha iyo rinjiga guriga ku nool. Intaa waxaa dheer in shirkadaha ku yaal si toos ah Finland, Group waxay leedahay warshado ay Latvia, Poland, Estonia, Netherlands, Italy, England iyo Russia.

By habka, ku dhowaad 40% dhammaan shaqaalaha warshadaha ee ku lug leh howsha bacyaal. The soo saarayaasha polymer ugu weyn waa: "Borealis" Polimers Oy "," Dina Kiimikooyinka ".

warshadaha cuntada

dhaqaalaha Finland ayaa, waxaa si kooban looga hadlay this article, siyaabo badan ku xiran tahay warshadaha cuntada, taas oo, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waa arrin xasaasi ah gaartay cunaqabatayn aargoosi ah by Ruushka, soo bandhigay bishii August 2014. Gaar ahaan, shirkad Valio ku takhasustay soo saarista caanaha, ayaa ganaax ku khadadka wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo diiradda on hirgelinta suuqa Ruush.

Mid ka mid ah shirkadaha keentay in warshadaha cuntada ee Finland waa Fazer shirkadda - saaraha caanka ah shukulaatada. mugga weyn ee kafeega soo saaray Paulig Group.

In berrinkii shirkadaha wax soo saarka khamri yihiin madaxda buuxda Sinebrychoff (hawlgala tan iyo 1819kii) iyo Hartwall.

injineernimada Electronic iyo korontada

Tani laan ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah korontada, isgaarsiinta, qalab caafimaad, iyo waxaa loo arkaa ugu farsmada heerka sare ah waaxda dhaqaalaha ee Finland. baaxadda ugu wayn ee soo saara waa: "ABB", "Nokia", "Ensto Finland Oy" iyo "Vaisala".

In 2015, warshadaha ayaa keenay in miisaaniyadda Finnish ah 6.6 bilyan euros, taasoo ka yar tahay tirada 2014 3%. Isla mar ahaantaana in dhammaan shirkadaha ee ka howgala this 40 500 oo qof ayaa ka shaqeeya. Sida wax soo saarka mugga alaabta elektaroonik ah oo koronto ah, ka dibna Finland waxaa la dhimay. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqda ah in dalka uu leeyahay heer aad u sarreeya oo qiimaha wax soosaarka, oo sidaas daraaddeed inta badan ee shirkadda Finnish ayaa qaar ka mid ah khadadka-soo-saarka ay ka baxsan gobolka bixiyey si ay u xasilin ah faa'iidada iyo tartan wax soo saarka.

Dhismaha maraakiibta

Production maraakiibta iyo qalabka badda - shiidaa waxaa aasaas u ah meelaha sida dhaqaalaha ee Finland. Marka la soo koobo, industry this waxaa loo arkaa dhexgalaan teknoolojiyad sare ugu of warshadaha. Khubarada qiyaaso suuqa Finnish dalka 1% ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee dunida guud ee maraakiibta, safay, huuriyada, baraf-jebiya. Laanta siiyey 20 kun oo shaqo. Maanta ee Finland toddoba shipyards dhisay, ugu weyn ee oo ku yaalla Turku, oo ku takhasusay dhismaha maraakiibta dalxiisku rakaabka.

nidaamka kormeerka

In arrimaha ay gacanta gobolka Finnish oo ku salaysan xeerka dawladda ee dhaqaalaha. Finland, sida xubin buuxda ka ah Midowga Yurub, aad xidhhidha raacaysaa dhamaan sharciyada iyo dardaaranka jira ee Guddiga Yurub, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aanu had iyo jeer saamayn si nabad ah ku ganacsiga Finland. Tusaale ahaan, Directive ku hoos ee kaarboonka gaaska ayaa horseeday in hoos u weyn ee dalalka warshadaha sabab u ah kharashka sii kordhaya ee shirkadaha hawlgalka hirgelinta shuruudaha ay.

Dhaqaalaha ee Finland (canshuurta kaas oo, kadis ah, waa mid qaali ah oo noqon kara ilaa afartan boqolkiiba ee dadka gaarka ah) oo ay weheliyaan shaqo cad oo sharciga ku saabsan ilaalinta macaamiisha, kaas oo lagu bedelay in 2013. Intaa waxaa dheer, wax ku ool ah ka shaqeeyaa sharciga antitrust, taas oo, markeeda, waxaa nidaaminaya by tiro ka mid ah falalka sharci Fikirka-baxay.

hogaamiyaha logistics

«Posti Finland Dhaqaalaha» (Posti Finland Dhaqaalaha) - Shirkadda ugu weyn Finnish takhasusay processing iyo diraya of kala duwan ee badeecadaha iyo badeecooyin. Shirkadda Tani waxay ka shaqeeya in lala side Yanwen. Laga bilaabo March 25, 2015 «Posti Finland Dhaqaalaha" waxaa ka mid ahaa in liiska siyaabo lagula talinayaa in ay samatabbixin on mid ka mid ah goobaha shopping ugu caansan Aliexpress. site waxay ku talinaysaa habka bixinta for diraya xamuulka ee ka yar $ 7. Iyada oo taageero ka «Posti Finland Dhaqaalaha" iibsatay badeecada raadraaca maraa ilaa xad si dhakhso ah oo si cad u. Xiriiriyaha ayaa network si aad ah loo ramified alaabta iyaga u gaar ah, kaas oo macaamiisha ku dhow isla markiiba la marsiin doono iyo tayo isku mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ee "post dhaqaalaha Finland ee" waxay bixisaa macaamiisheeda (labada gaarka loo leeyahay iyo shirkadaha) tiro ka mid ah adeegyada online arrin, si aad u hesho qof aqoon u leh in si faahfaahsan website-ka rasmiga ah ee shirkadda.

Banking iyo caymiska

Sida of January 1, 2015, 291 hay'ad maaliyadeed ayaa ka diiwaan gashan Finland. 279 - yihiin bangiyada, 11 - lacag maalgashi, labo ka mid ah kuwaas oo elektaroonik ah (in 2014 ay sabab u tahay isbedelka ee ay sharci tahay inay go'doonsan tahay in sharooto dhuuban oo kala duwan).

bangiga ugu weyn ee Finland - OP-Pohjola Group, taas oo uu leeyahay 450 laamood oo ka shaqeeya 12.3 kun oo qof. In kaalinta labaad waa bangiga ah oo lagu magacaabo Nordea Pankki Finland Plc leh tirada shaqaalaha by 7.4 kun oo qof.

Qaybta ugu weyn ee dhan ee gobolka nidaamka dhaqaale yihiin bangiyada khaas ah oo ganacsi. Waana mid ka, Finland - Hogaamiyaha cad ee Northern Europe in tirada dadka deegaanka per hal hay'ad maaliyadeed. tiradaasi le'eg yahay ilaa 15 kun oo qof oo unit bangiyada.

Waxaa xusid mudan in arrimuhu xun ku filan in waaxda dhaqaalaha ayaa keentay in hoos u dhac in qiimaha hantida ee ganacsatada bangiyada oo dhan. mugga guud ee hay'adaha maaliyadeed Finland ee January 1, 2016 wuxuu u yar in ka badan 684 billion euros, taasoo ka yar yahay 2015 ku dhawaad 3%. Hoos u dhacay sababtoo ah mugga of daynta by deynsanaya badan oo Yurub hoos.

gunaanad

Si aad u taariikhda, Finland, Russia (ay dhaqaalaha waxa ay hadda haysato ma aha xilliga ugu fiican) - dalka, doonaya inay si karti leh oo si deg deg ah uga bilowdo xiriirka ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo ah sii cunaqabatayn ay. Hoggaamiyayaasha labada quruumaha waa ogyahay in noloshiisu kama istaagaan, waana in si deg deg ah ula qabsadaan caqabadaha of our mar hore dhab ah u adag.