Dalka Beeraha - ilaha muhiimka ah ee gobolka

dhulka beeraha (SKHN) waa aasaas u ah wax soo saarka ee cuntooyinka aasaasiga ah, quudintooda xoolaha iyo alaabta ceeriin for warshadaha gaar ah. Maxaa yeelay, iyagu ayaa ku dhow taliskii gaar ah loo isticmaalo, in ay hubiso ilaalinta, horumarinta taranka, iyo sidoo kale ka hortagga ka bixitaanka wareegga.

Noocyada SKHN dalka

Xildhibaan Xeerka Land ee Ruushka iyo Sharciga Federaalka "On Macaamilada Land Beeraha" № 101-FZ qoondaysaa qayb ka mid ah dhulalka ay loogu talagalay beeraha, noocyada soo socda ee dalka:

1. dalka Beeraha - dal ee qiimaha sare, iyadoo mudnaan gobolka oo ku xiran ilaalin gaar ah. Waxay yihiin hab wax soo saarka ee cuntooyinka aasaasiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, sida qeyb ka mid ah deegaannada dhaadheer meelaha aad u qiimo badan iyo wax soo saar, kuwaas oo bixiya ammaanka oo dheeraad ah.

2. Non-beeraha (e ku qaadasho) dhulka - dhulka dushiisa of kuwaas oo walxaha (dabiiciga ah iyo macmal ah) loo isticmaalo beeraha, iyo waxa ku jira dalka iyaga ku wareegsan.

Iyadoo la raacayo, qaybo SKHN laga yaabaa fudud ama adag. Xaaladda hore, waxay ka kooban yihiin hal nooc ka mid ah meelaha, kaas oo noqon kara siman ama non-uniform tayada iyo isticmaalka. adag A, markeeda, ka kooban yihiin labada beeraha iyo "adeegaya" dhulka ee boqolkiiba ka duwan.

Sida laga soo xigtay Fund Qaranka Land, degaanka ee dhulka beeraha ee Russia waa 195,6 milyan oo hektar, iyo meesha ay u SKHN dalka ugu adeegno - 207,6 milyan oo hektar.

Fikradda ah dhulka beeraha

Sida laga soo xigtay "List of Land iyo eraybixinta tirinayay," ayuu ansixiyey Wasaaradda Beeraha oo ka mid ah magaalada USSR 21.07.1970, dhulka beeraha - dalkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa beero, sida habka ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka: dalka layaal, jeexan, dhirta dilka ah (iyada oo aan meesha kaynta), tifqaan iyo daaqa (deerada jirin). Waxay yihiin habka wax soo saarka iyo non-uniform in qaab-dhismeedka, tayada, iyo god ay.

ereyadani waxay ka tarjumayaan sifooyinka of isticmaalka functional ah dhulka ay sabab u hantida dabiiciga ah (ciidda, gargaarka) iyo joogitaanka waxa on khayraadka loo baahan yahay si ay u qabtaan qaar ka mid ah hawlaha. Isticmaalka xilli, caddeeyo taliskii sharci ah oo ka mid ah goobaha gaarka ah.

Qaab dhismeedka iyo dalalkii SKHN

In Art. 79 LC RF-dhismeedka si cad loo qeexay ee dalka beeraha (layaal, hay, daaqa, dhirta dilka ah). In tirada amar 104 oo ka mid ah Federaalka Statistics State Service 20.12.2007 (cutubka 41) iyo lambarka 95 ka 30.11.2005 (cutubyada 12.5-12.1 1) Qodobada soo socda ayaa la sameeyay:

1. Plowland - beereed ah, kaas oo si nidaamsan baaraandegi iyo sida loo isticmaalo ka yar dalagga cuntada, sidoo kale meelaynta of koriyo (hothouses, koriyo) iyo labada (hadhuudh, khudaarta, dhirta saliid, cawska dilka ah iyo si bixi.). Arintaan waxaa ka mid ah:

• Net (madow) - aagga loo jeexi dayrta ee sanadkii la soo dhaafay dalagga xilliga qaboobaha ee sanadkan.
• Rookaha - meelaha vysokostebelkovye beeran dalagyo for lagu hayo ee barafka ee xilliga qaboobaha iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah nabaad guurka ciidda.
• digada Green - meesha lagu beeray la digiraha, kaas oo la sii baaraandegi doonaa digada cagaaran.

2. Haymaking - dhulka beeraha, si nidaamsan loo isticmaalo haymaking (cows calafka xoolaha oo bannaan).

3. daaqa - aag ah oo joogto ah ku gedman dadyaw xoolaha (daaqa).

4. Perennials - dhulka degan beerto macmal ah ku xoortay, geedo waaweyn oo midho iyo caleemo, loogu talagalay in lagu soo saaro dalagyada ah miraha, berry, iyo geedo yaryar oo alaabta farsamada.

In dhaqanka, kala saaro noocaan ah dal sida jeexan. Dalkan beeraha hore loo isticmaalay, waayo, dalka layaal laakiin aan hadhuudh ka hadhay 1 sano oo aan diyaargarayn hoos par.

Inta badan sidoo kale soo jeediyay in la sameeyo liiska fikirka ah "dalalkan oo ka xanibayo" - meelaha SKHN haboonayn caadi beeraha ama u baahan in dib u soo kabashada (biyaha cusbada, faraha badanu waxa cusbo, wiiqay, dhul dhagax ah, iwm ..). Oo degaanka ee dalka beeraha ayaa loo abaalgudi karaan waxtar lahayn oo sabab u ah arrimo dabiici ah (nabaad guur, dhul, waterlogging iwm), falalka Human (istimaalka) ama nin-dhigay masiibooyinka.

Fikradda iyo noocyada kala duwan ee dalka non-beeraha

dalka Non-beeraha - dalkan, dusha sare ee taas waa aasaaska (ku salaysan) ee deggan goobaha qaar beeraha (meelaha adeega, ilaalinta iyo wixii la mid ah.).

Hababka noocan ah sababo ku qoran Art. 77 RF LC. Liiska waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Dhulka qabsadeen by geedaha iyo ku xoortay, lagama maarmaan ah in dalka laga dhacdooyinkan gurracan ilaaliyo. ma At beerto waqti isku mid khuseeya khayraadka kaynta oo si buuxda ay leedahay mulkiilaha, kuwaas oo la tuuro iyaga oo ugu go'aankeeda (goynta). Sida laga soo xigtay Fund Qaranka ee Dhulka ka, meesha iyo dalka la beero geed Woody nooca ilaaliya waa 19 million hektar.

2. Land ku taala ku dul xidhmay balliyada. By dambaysta ah waxaa loogu tala galay balliyada, dhulal (ma dulqaado) iyo shaqo ka waraabin jireen, taas oo sida h. 2 Qaadada. 8 Xeerka Biyaha ee Ruushka, ma sheegaan hantida. Sida of 2016 deegaanka ee dalka ka yar meydadka xiran oo biyo gaadhay 13 million hektar.

3. Dhulka, ku lug leh wadooyinka gudaha iyo xidhiidhka beeraha (nidaamyada noqoshadii xoriyada, tuubooyinka waraabka, iwm ..). Waxaa xusid mudan in hoos waddooyinka macnaheedu waddooyinka tuulooyinka (ogalayn, samonakatannye) tamashle iyo ruts, ha iska leh, Federation Ruush gobolka ama degmada. Land waddooyinka Russia oo dhan mashquulin meel ka mid ah 2.3 million hektar.

4. dhagra la dhismaha iyo qalabka loo isticmaalo processing (hoose), wax soo saarka iyo kaydinta alaabta beeraha (daqiijin jireen, bakhaarada, iyo drives kale caanaha.).

Non-beeraha dalka waa shay kooban, halkaas oo dalkii waa waxa ugu muhiimsan, iyo noocyo kala duwan oo walxaha - accessories.

dhulka beeraha sida shay

Inta badan dhulka ee sharciga waxaa loo arkaa wax madax bannaan ee xuquuqda hantida, ama waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida isku micne ah ee guriga. Tusaale ahaan, Art. 58 Land Code of Federation Ruush uu ka hadlaayo beereed, daaqa Deerada, kuwaas oo ah in hantida muwadiniinta ama ururada, iyo 2 ee Sec., Art. 4 of Law ah № 101-FZ "dhulka" badalay fikirka ah "dhulka".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la bedelay this aasaas ahaan waa qalad iyo xataa khatar u ah meelaha tirakoobka SKHN xisaabinta ee dalka Russia iyo go'aan ka soo baxay ay qaab-dhismeedka. Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in ay "dhulka" ma aha xuduudaha qofka iyo kuma jirto in cadastre gobolka sida wax madax bannaan. In isbeddelkaas sokeeye (sale, kirada, iwm). Waxaa ka qayb qaadan kartaa oo keliya degaanka gaar ah.

Xadidaada meelaha wareegga dadweynaha SKHN

sirqoollada SKHN Yeelanaya fuliyay sida ay xeerarka sharciga madaniga ah iyo dalka oo ay tixgeliyaan xadka jira. Arintaan waxaa loola jeedaa in mamnuucidda la aasaasay by PPA ama shuruudaha oo xaddido heysata xaq u-socodka ah ee lahaanshaha ama dabeecada ee SKHN dalka.

Sharciga Federaalka № 101-FZ bixisaa, waayo, xayiraad soo socda:

1. Mamnuucidda ajnabiga (shakhsiyaadka, shirkadaha ka qayb shisheeye in ka badan 50%) si ay u bartaan dalka beeraha. Xaaladdan oo kale, kirada dhulka tiro aan xad lahayn oo aan la mamnuucay karo.

2. Awood la'aanta in la beddelo caga bartilmaameedka oo aan sabab cad sharciga. Isticmaalka dhulka beeraha oo aan ujeedada qabashada hawlaha la xiriira lama oggola.

3. In la dhiso SKHN xadka size dalkii la leedahay karaa hal qof ama urur. tilmaamayaasha gaarka ah waxaa go'aamiya heerka gobolka laga bilaabo 10% ilaa 90% ka mid ah aagga guud ee dalka ee degmada gaar ah.

4. Xaq u leeyahay ee mudnaanta iyo mawduuca degmada maamulka goobta lagu iibsado SKHN ee kiiska ay sale.

Xayiraad in wareegga ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in dhulka beeraha yihiin walxaha istiraatiiji ah, hubinta sugnaanta cuntada ee dalka. Dhibaatooyinka hortaagan wareegga xorta ah ee dalka waa sharciga ku dhowaad dhammaan wadamada, iyo in Russia ay arrin jilicsan yihiin. Tusaale ahaan, in Danmark ururka waxa uu xaq u lahayn in ay iibsadaan ama dalka jeexjeexay, oo iibsada wejiga iyo jirka waa ku noolaa ugu yaraan 8 sano oo meelaha miyiga ah.