Crimea xoreynta, 1944. Crimean Offensive

Offensive Crimean ee 1944 waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ololaha ugu muhiimsan inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxa ay ku bilaabatay on 8 April. dheeraad ah ka fiirso sida xoraynta ee Crimean ku soo duushay Nazi.

Xaaladda on Jasiiradda

September 26 - November 5, 1943 lagu qabtay Melitopol, iyo on October 31 - November 11 ee isla sannadkaas - Kerch-Eltegenskaya hawlaha amphibious. Ciidamada Soviet ay awoodaan in ay jebiyaan oo qalcad ah ee dhul Perekop ah. bridgeheads qabtay on Peninsula Kerch iyo qaybta koonfureed ee Sivash ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo xoraynta dhamaystiran oo Crimea ma uu xoog ku filan. Peninsula qaadataa ciidamo cadow ballaaran, ay ku tiirsan yihiin difaaca ah. Dhul Perekop iyo Sivash ka soo horjeeda bridgehead ku booska cadowga ka koobnaa saddex, iyo Jasiiradda Kerch ah - oo ah afarta waaxood.

Jagooyinka dhinac

Ceyrinta cadowga ka Jasiiradda, Badda Madow Fleet ee USSR ah ay awoodi karto in dib u ah saldhig istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. Taasi waxay hagaajin lahaa xaaladaha hoyga ee Maraakiibta iyo dhaqanka colaadaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, u saarney ee Crimea daboolay garabka istiraatiiji Balkan ee Jarmalka, xiriirka ugu weyn maraa cidhiidhi si ay xeebta galbeed iyada oo loo marayo. Macnaha halkan, dowladda Jarmalka, markeeda, ku lifaaqan muhiimadda ugu weyn ee haynta ee dhulka. Waxay rumaysan yahay in ay sii hayn doona taageerada Turkey iyo xulafadooda Balkan. Hoggaanka Ciidanka 17aad, ku salaysan ee Jasiiradda, ayaa loo xilsaaray si meesha dambe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taliyayaasha cadowga si loo sameeyo qorshe faahfaahsan, "Adler" lacala dib u gurasho.

in lays ee ciidamada

By bilowgii 1944 ciidanka Jarmal kor u qaadeen laba kala qaybsanaanta. By dhamaadka bisha Janaayo ee Jasiiradda yimid 73aad iyo bilowgii March - Division lugta 111th. Bishii April, Ciidamada cadowga ka koobnaa 12 qaybsanaanta. iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen 7 Romania iyo 5 Jarmal. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo sideeda oo ciidammada bandhigaan laba-demisku weerar, qaddar ee faa'iido oo kala duwan. Guud ahaan, tirada ciidamada leedahay in ka badan 195 kun. Dadka. Division lahaa oo ku saabsan 3,600 oo madaafiic iyo qoryaha, 215 taangiyada. Iyada oo taageero hawada in ciidamada la siiyo 148 diyaaradaha. door muhiim ah in dagaal dhinaca Soviet lahaa inuu u ciyaaro 4 Yukreeniyaan Front. Ciidamada Command dhaqmaa hiddo. Tolbukhin. Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada ka joogay:

1. 51aad iyo 2aad Army ilaalada.
2. 78 th iyo meelaha 16 th deyr leh.
3. 19 Panzer Corps.

4 Yukreeniyaan Front sidoo kale ay taageerayaan Ciidamada Air 8aad. Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada guutada goonida joogo amray by Eremenko. falalka Her sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan taageero ka hawada. In maraakiibta dagaalka waxay ahaayeen lug. Command iyaga Oktyabrskiy Filipp Sergeevich. Ciidamada waxay ahaayeen si ay u taageeraan weerarka iyo carqaladeeyo isgaarsiinta cadowga. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo qayb ka ah ciidamada Soviet joogo Azov ka wadaan. Waxay by Rear Admiral Gorshkov amray. Ciidamada uu taageeray Xeebta Madaxa-bannaan ee Army weerar.

Tirada guud ee isutagga Soviet ahaa oo ku saabsan 470 kun. Dadka. At asturidda ciidamada waxay ahaayeen abbaaraha laba kun 6. Hoobiyayaal iyo qoryaha, 559 qoryaha is-baasuukayaal iyo taangiyada. From falalka lugta badda taageeray markab 4, line 1 iyo 2 doomood oo nooca ilaalinta, 6 baabbi'inaya, 8 hodonka ah saldhig, ilaalada 80 iyo 47 ee dooman'ka ah, quusta 29, 34 gaashaaman, 3 gunboats iyo weelasha kale ee kaabayaal ah.

taageero firfircoon oo ka tirsan ciidamada Soviet la siiyo kooxaha jabhada Crimean oo la sameeyey bilowgii 1944. Waxa ay tirada guud ee ahaa oo ku saabsan 4 kun. Dadka. Kooxaha ayaa la isku daro ee xarunta Bariga, Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta. Ciidamada Soviet lahaa Fadilmo a badan ciidanka cadowga. Ciidamada Soviet isku duba horjoogayaal Vasilevsky iyo Voroshilov.

Dhibaatooyinka la xiriira shuruudaha

Liberation of Crimean ah ee 1944 ayay ahayd in la bilaabo bishii Febraayo, tirada 18-19. Lixaad ee February ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in dagaal qorshaha. Ka dibna, si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilowga xilli ciyaareedka waxaa dib loo dhigay dhowr jeer. Isla mar ahaantaana, ayaa dagaal on Dnieper xeebaha. Rate amarka diray Vasilevsky calaamad muujinaysa inuu ku soo bilowdo weerarka ilaa xoraynta dhulal ah si Kherson.

Ka dibna, waxaa la siiyey amar ka duwan. Gaar ahaan, Vasilevsky waxaa la baray in ay bilaabaan hawlgalka aan ka dambayn March 1, iyadoo aan loo eegin sida uu noqon doono in la sii daayo Dnieper xeebaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, madaxa ciidamada u sheegay in GHQ in, siin xaaladaha cimilada, dagaal u lahaa in ay sugaan ilaa bartamihii March. Laga soo bilaabo mudadaas Taliska Sare ee lagu heshiiyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 16,03 Wasilewski helay tilmaamaha cusub, sida laga soo xigtay oo howlgalka lahaa in la bilaabay ka dib markii goobta qabashada Nikolayev iyo Odessa horumarinta. Laakiin markaas, sababtoo ah cimilada, dagaalka lahaa in dib loo dhigo ilaa 8-dii April.

The qorshaha of amarka Soviet

Liberation of Crimea ee 1944, ayay ahayd si ay u fuliyaan horumar degdeg ah a in si qoto dheer ee 170 km. cadaw qabtay ayaa waxaa loo qorsheeyay 10-12 maalmood. Xaaladdan oo kale, heerka celceliska maalin kasta ee ka hor lugta lahaa in ay 12-15 km, Haanta Corps - 30-35 km. Ujeedadu waxay ahayd in la woqooyi amrayo weerarada isku mar - ka Syvash iyo Perekopa iyo bari - by Kerch Peninsula. Iyada xoraynta Sevastopol iyo Simferopol, la qorsheeyey in aan kala tagno kooxda iyo baabi'iyo cadowga, ka hortagga ay ka bixitaanka Jasiiradda. dhabarjab ugu weyn ee loo moodayay in ay ku riday ka dhigteen in qaybta koonfureed ee Sivash ah. Haddii wax tallaabo ah guulaha ay ciidamada ugu weyn tegey on Perekop saddex jagooyinka cadowga. Lahaanshaha qabsaday ciidamada Jankoi Soviet siiyo fursad si loo horumariyo si Simferopol iyo Kerch Peninsula in gadaal Jarmal. weerar Secondary loo moodayay in Perekop halkay ku. Ka hor inta ay hawsha Independent Army Xeebta ahaa in ay jebiyaan difaaca ee soo duulay iyo ilaa xagga woqooyi ee Kerch. Her qayb ka ahaa in ay weeraraan xeebta koonfureed ee Jasiiradda. Ciidamada isku Key ayaa loogu talagalay xoraynta Sevastopol iyo Simferopol.

Crimea Dhaafka 1944:. Dagaalka

Shan cisho ka hor weerarkii ka dhacay madaafiic culus, dhismaha muddo dheer dad badan oo cadowga la Halaagay. Sirdoonka Militariga ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay April 7 fiidkii. Waxay xaqiijisay Enron macluumaad amarka Soviet ku saabsan cadowga. Oo maalinta siddeedaadna ee April bilaabay hawada iyo madaafiic diyaarinta. Guud ahaan, way qabsadeen 2.5 saacadood. Liberation of Crimean ah ee 1944 bilaabeen ciidamada lama filaan ah oo ka tirsan ciidamada 51aad hoos amarka Lieutenant-General Kreizer. Weerarka waxaa ka bridgehead ka fuliyay qaybta koonfureed ee Sivash ah. Laba maalmood ka dib dagaal xooggan oo. Sidaas darteed, ciidamada Soviet u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan oo ka difaaca Jarmal. 51th Army galeen garabka kooxaha Perekopskaya. Isla, Qaybta Ilaalada 2aad Zakharov galay Armenian ah. April 11 subax, 19 Panzer Corps ayaa lagu qabtay Dzhankoy.

Under amarka kala qaybsameen Vasiliev si guul leh u soo dhawaaday inay Simferopol. Jarmalka, baxsanaya deegaanka, xoojinta ku dhow halkay ku Perekop tagay oo waxay bilaabeen inay ka baxaan Peninsula Kerch ah. Habeenkii ee weerarka laga bilaabo 11,04 Separate Ciidamada Badda. By subaxdii ciidamada ka qaadeen Kerch - unit daafaca deyrka lahaa in qaybta bari ee Jasiiradda. In dhammaan meelaha caddibaadda Jarmalka kuwaas oo u gurteen inay Sevastopol. Xeebta galbeed ee weerarka waxaad fartaan Wannaagga ilaalada 2aad. Ciidamada dhinaca Yalta. 51 Army, iyadoo la isticmaalayo falalka guul Corps 19-ka, iyada oo aaga steppe in bilowgii horumarinta Simferopol ah. A ciidanka ciidamada gaarka ah ku socday iyada oo Belogorsk (Karasubazar) iyo Theodosia Sevastopol. 13 Ciidamada Soviet April ayaa xoreeyay Feodosia, Simferopol, Yevpatoriya, iyo 14-15 tirada - Yalta, Bakhchisarai, Alushta.

Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa dhanka kale sii waday in ay gurto. Aviation 4 th iyo 8 th Army dhuftay foori awood at ciidamada Jarmal iyo qanjidhada isgaarsiinta. Oktyabrskiy Filipp Sergeevich, amray Maraakiibta Soviet, amray inuu dego maraakiibta la soo duulay sun.

jabhada

dhulka hoostiisa Crimean ay muujiyeen geesinimo gaar ah iyo geesinimo leh oo dagaalka. Ka hor inta unugyada dhexdhexaad lahaa hawsha inuu baabbi'iyo qanjidhada, khadadka isgaadhsiinta, gaadmo cadowga gadaal iyo qashin on isgoysyada buurta, baabbi'iyeen jid tareen ah, carqaladeeyo dekedda ee Yalta, iyada oo aan la siinayo ciidamada Romanian-German guurto waxaanad u guuraan. dhulka hoostiisa ayaa sidoo kale si looga hortago burbur ku gaadiidka cadowga iyo shirkadaha warshadaha, degmooyinka.

Weerar on Sevastopol: diyaarinta

On April 15-16, Army Soviet bilaabay diyaarinta weerar. dhabarjab ugu weyn ee loo maleeyey gobolka of Balaclava. In ay codsi ahaa in lagu lug iyo qayb ka mid ah dhibcood la xidhiidha ee qofka shakhsiga ah iyo garabka bidix ee Army 51aad ee. Ciidamada Soviet lahaa in ay jebiyaan oo difaaca cadowga degaanka ee Sapun Mountain iyo height ah oo ka mid ah waqooyi-bari Safiya ah. Sayidka, kooxda cadowga ayaa jeclaan lahaa in tan iyo gacanka, oo ku yaalla dhinaca galbeed ee Sebastopol. Command rumeysan yahay in guuldarada cadowga on Hill Sapun ah, inkastoo oo dhan dhibaato ah in ay la socdaan weerarka, ayaa loo ogolaan lahaa in ay jebiyaan iska caabin ah ee cadowga boosaska daafaca. In band 2aad ilaalada. Ciidamada la qorsheeyay in ay keeni weerar sare. Si aad u leexin dareenka duulay ee, uu u maleeyeen in 2 maalmood ka hor weerar ugu weyn. amarka Soviet dhigeysa ciidamada hawsha jabinta iyada oo difaaca koonfur Belbek cutub oo lugta 55aad iyo 13aad Corps ilaalada ah. ciidanka lahaa si ay u horumariyaan weerar ee qaybta bari ee Waqooyiga Bay iyo buuraha Mekenzievy in ay riixaan cadowga kooxaynta biyaha oo soo baabbi'i.

colaadaha

19 iyo 23 April laba isku day in ay jebiyaan oo meel ugu weyn ee dhanka daafaca ee gobolka Sevastopol la galay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidamada Soviet ku guuldareystay. Command go'aansaday in ay isku urursadaan, diyaariyo ciidanka in ay sugto helitaanka shidaalka iyo rasaas.

Weerarka ayaa bilowday 5-tii May. Ciidamada ilaalada 2aad. ciidanka tegey on weerar, khasabtay cadowga kooxaha ka jiho kale lagu wareejiyo. At 10:30 on May 7, iyada oo taageero hawada xoog leh bilaabay weerar guud. Ciidamada oo ka mid ah kooxaha ugu waaweyn ee Soviet ay awoodaan in ay jebiyaan oo difaaca cadowga on stretch 9-ka kilomitir ah ee u. Inta lagu guda jiro dagaal kulul, ciidamada qabsaday Sapun Mountain. May 9 askari Soviet galay Sevastopol ka koonfur-bari, bariga iyo waqooyiga, xorayn magaalada. Ciidamada haray ciidanka 17 ee cadowga, raaciyey Corps 19-ka, gurteen inay Cape Chersonese, kuwaasi oo ay gabi ahaanba la burburiyay. waxay maxaabiis ahaan u ahaa 21,000 oo askari iyo askari cadowga. Ciidamada Soviet qabtay qalabka iyo hubka cadowga.

Battle Dhameystirka

In 1941-1942. cadowga qaatay 250 maalmood oo ay ku hantiyaan Sevastopol, kuwaas oo dadka heroically derbiyadeeda difaacay, ciidamada Soviet galay sii deyntiisa qaaday maalmood oo kaliya 35. Horeba by May 15 xarunta bilaabay in ay helaan macluumaad ku qabtay qaababka iyo unugyada military parade on eryidda soo horjeeda ee ka soo saarney.

gunaanad

Liberation of Crimean ah ee 1944 oggol yahay soo laabashada aagga dhaqaalaha iyo istaraatiijiga ah ee ugu muhiimsan dalka Soviet ee. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen ujeedada ugu weyn ee colaadaha in la gaarey. Dhamaadka abaalmarinta Project dagaalka ay ka qayb-eryidda ee cadowga ayaa abuuray Jasiiradda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilad ee Crimean iyo ka dibna aan la aasaasay.