Consort Aliphatic - waxa uu yahay waxan?

Consort Aliphatic - waa xeryahooda organic kuwaas oo u taagoo ku jira bonds hal kaliya. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid alkanes iyo cycloparaffins, astaamaha waxaa ka wada xaajoon doona in our wax.

formula guud ee alkanes

Wakiilada of class this waxaa lagu gartaa formula guud SpN2p + 2. By paraffins ka mid ah oo dhan xeryahooda isagoo silsilad furan diidanyihiin atamka ku xiran yihiin midba midka kale by bonds hal. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah, Consort aliphatic waa xeryahooda firfircoon ka yar, ay hesho "paraffins" magacooda. Ina keena aynu u ogaato qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada dhismaha oo ka mid ah wakiilo ka class this, nooca bonds ee u taagoo, isticmaalka warshadaha.

Sharaxaad kooban oo methane

Sida wakiilka ugu fudud ee fasalka la xusay waxaa laga yaabaa in methane. Waxa uu ahaa kuwaas oo uu bilaabo taxane ah oo Consort aliphatic. Si aad u muujin qaababka ay kala.

Methane waa gaseous walax xaaladaha caadiga ah ka yar iyada oo aan ur iyo midab. Xarunta ayaa la aasaasay by daatay ee dabiiciga ah iyada oo aan jiritaanka dhirta oxygen iyo xoolaha noolaha atmosfeerta. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa la helay in gaaska dabiiciga ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee hadda loo isticmaalaa sidii shidaalka ah ee wax soo saarka iyo guriga ee u tiro badan.

Waa maxay nooca bond kiimikada waa Consort kuwa? Aliphatic, yareysey xeryahooda organic covalent waa u taagoo kala horjeeda.

Britain waxay leedahay Britain foomka methane tetrahedral, nooca hybridization of atamka carbon in sp3, taas oo u dhiganta xagal iskala 109 digrii 28 daqiiqo. Waa waayo, taasu sabab, Consort aliphatic - kiimikaad waa xeryahooda firfircoon ka yar.

Gaar ahaan homologues methane

ka methane in gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo saliidda cayriin reebo ka kooban yahay Consort kale, kaas oo ay leeyihiin qaab la mid ah waxaa la. The afar wakiil ugu horeysay taxane homologous paraffins ku jiraan xaalad gaseous ee xulkii, waxay leeyihiin milmi yar ee biyaha.

Iyada oo sii kordhaya magnitude of mass kelli qaraabo arkay korodhka ee heerkulka karkaraya iyo CxHy barafku. Ka mid ah wakiilada gaarka ah ee dhowr ah oo uu jiro farqi u CH2, oo la odhan jiray farqi homologous. Waa xaqiijin ah si toos ah xarunta ka tirsan oo isku xigta this organic.

All Consort aliphatic - yihiin walxaha in ay yihiin dhaba L. in qase organic.

taxane isomerism

Waayo, wakiillo ka socda dhowr paraffins isomerism waa dabeecadda u ah lafaha carbon ah. Waxaa sabab u ah suuragalnimada in wareeg da'ayeen agagaarka eb carbon silsilado kiimikada ah. Tusaale ahaan, waayo, xeryahooda C4H10 Halabuurka hydrocarbon qaadan kartaa lafaha carbon toos ah - butane. Sida isomer ah dhismaha samayn doonaa 2-methylpropane, isagoo qaab jahaysteen.

kiimikaad caadi ahaan caan ku paraffins, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado reaction bedelay ah. Robab bonds sharxayaa kakanaanta oo ka mid ah fal-celin iyo hab xagjirka ah. Si aad u hesho shidaalka aliphatic halogenated, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qabtaan reaction halogenation ah, iyo Wabiyadan socota joogitaanka shucaaca UV. dabeecadda Chain of dhexgalka ay taasi dhacdo in dhammaan xubnaha taxane ah oo la siiyey. Shayga keentay waxaa loo yaqaan taagayo HALO ah. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in industry kiimikada sida qase organic.

Waxaa intaa dheer, dhammaan Consort aliphatic iyo leedahay beduliyum ku gubaan oo ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen ogsijiin si ay u sameeyaan biyaha iyo carbon dioxide. Iyada oo ku xidhan boqolkiiba carbon ee Britain ayaa waxaa lagu qoondeeyey ka duwan lacagta kulaylka. Ayadoon tirsan fasalka xeryahooda organic, dhammaan hababka sari waa dareen diidmo gube oo loo isticmaalo guryaha iyo warshadaha.

codsiga la taaban karo ayaa methane iyo dehydrogenation (sidaynu hydrogen). Sida ka dhashay geedi socodka waxa ay soo saartay alxamaad, taas oo feedstock kiimikada qiimo leh.

Isticmaalka alkanes iyo alkanes warankiilada

Dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachloride carbon - dareeraha ah waa qase organic kala duwan. Chloroform iyo iodoform loo isticmaalo daawada casriga ah. daatay ee methane waa mid ka mid ah hababka warshadaha soo saarka madow carbon, looga baahan yahay soo saaridda of Daac daabacaadda. Methane waxaa loo arkaa isha ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaha kiimikada ee gaaska hydrogen in ay wax soo saarka ee ammonia iyo ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee walxaha organic badan socday.

Consort roodhida

Consort aliphatic roodhida - inay yihiin wakiillo ka tiro ka mid ah ethylene iyo alxamaad. Falanqeeyaan ay guryaha aasaasiga ah iyo arjiga codsiga. Waayo, alkene lagu gartaa joogitaanka bond a double, si tirada guud ee formula uu leeyahay qaab SpN2p ah.

Marka loo eego nooca ka mid ah xeryahooda roodhida, Waa in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa in ay la fal xeryahooda: hydrogenation, halogenation, fuuq, gidrogalogenirovaniya. Intaa waxaa dheer, wakiillo ka ethylene awood u polymerization. Waa feature iyaga ka dhigaa wakiilada fasalka sheegtay in industry ee kiimikada casriga ah. Polyetylen iyo polypropylene - walax dhismaha warshadaha polymer salka.

Alxamaad - xubinta koowaad ee taxanaha ah isagoo formula guud SpN2p-2. Waxaa ka mid ah qaababka soocayaa xeryahooda, kuwaas oo kala saari karaa jiritaanka debaajiga xaafuun. Its joogitaanka sharxayaa socodka a dareen diidmo xarunta la halogens, biyaha, halide hydrogen, hydrogen. Haddii debaajiga xaafuun ee xeryahooda sida waa in booska ugu horeysay, ka dibna alkyne ah waxa lagu gartaa reaction bedelay tayo leh cusbada oo lacag adag. awoodda Tani waa fal-celin ah oo tayo leh si ay u alkyne ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado waxa ku shaydi leh alkene iyo alkane.

The Consort leedahay beduliyum yihiin xeryahooda xilliile roodhida, si kastaba ha ahaatee aan la arkaa in ay xeryahooda aliphatic.

gunaanad

Inkastoo ay kala duwan ee ka kooban tiro ka jira wakiillo ka xeryahooda aliphatic cokan iyo roodhida, waxay la mid ah ee u taagoo tilmaame oo tayo leh waa ku jira kaarboon iyo hydrogen. Khilaaf ku kooban taranta (qaaciidooyinka guud kala duwan) wakiillo ka CxHy cokan iyo roodhida sharaxo faraqa in habab falcelinta soo saaro alaabooyin kala duwan.

Taasi waa sababta xubnaha oo dhan fasalada xeryahooda kuwaas galaan reaction sari si ay u sameeyaan dioxide kaarboon, biyaha, qoondaynta xaddi gaar ah oo tamarta kulaylka, taas oo ka dhigaysa iyaga oo caan ah sida shidaalka ah ee nolol maalmeedka iyo warshadaha.