Cathedral St George ee Yuriev-Polsky: photo, naqshadaha

magaalada yar ee Yuriev-Polsky hoos Vladimir waxaa la aasaasay 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. From iyo tobnaadna wuxuu u qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad, waxay ahayd xarunta of dhaxal yar. Tan iyo 1212 waxaa la leedahay Svyatoslav - awow u ahaa aasaasihii magaalada. Gobolka by heerarka magaalada, dabcan, aan la leh Zalesskoye degsiimooyinka ugu muhiimsan, waxay caan ku tahay khasnadihii ay farshaxanka marka la barbar dhigo karo.

Oo in kastoo ay jiraan waa masterpiece hal naqshadaha qadiimiga ah ee magaalada, laakiin uu kaga tegey ilaa hadda ka dambeeya dhismayaasha badan oo la mid ah.

The caanka St. George ee Cathedral

In Yuriev-Polsky waxaa loo dhisay in sharaf of guusha, oo ku guuleystay amiir Dolgoruky of Bulgars Volga ah. Tani waxay dhacday 1221. Taalladaas guul Tani, sida laga soo xigtay chroniclers ah, waa "la yaab leh oo la yaab leh, qurux badan oo arinku" dhismaha, mid ka mid ah nooc ka mid ah.

Taariikhda dhacdo

At meeshii hadda St. George ee Cathedral, weli in 1152 Yuri Dolgoruky amartay in la dhiso dhagax cad kaniisad yar yar. Waxa uu jirayaa, iyada Georgiyu Pobedonostsu, kuwuu u yeedhayna uu sokoeye iyo kiisii u gaar ah. In 1230 uu awow - Svyatoslav - halaagnay dhismaha uu awoowe, maxaa yeelay waxa ay "yaraaday oo jabay." Iyo in ay meel ku 1230th waxaa la dhisay Cathedral St. George ee Yuriev-Polsky, taas oo uu noqday ma aha oo kaliya wax taaj oo ka mid ah naqshadaha Vladimir-Suzdal, laakiin sidoo kale dhismaha ugu dambeeya cad dhagax hore ee duulaanka Mongol-Tatar.

Features macbudka

Ama ka hor ama ka dib xitaa qofna waxa ay awood u dhaafo quruxda cajiib ah oo ay masterpiece. Waa inaan sheegaa in uu isku dayo soo noqnoqda ayaa si joogta ah lagu sameeyo. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Cathedral St. George ee Yuriev-Polsky, sawir ku saabsan asalka ah oo guriga qaaday dalxiis kasta oo booqday magaalada this, wuxuu noqday noocooda ah ee waseeqeeyay Moscow ee, ka dhisay Kremlin ee 1326. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida kiniisadda ma u awoodin inuu dhiso. Just ma heli karo sayid sida kuwa awoodi doonaan in ay ugu yaraan qayb ahaan faa'ideysan hannaankii dhagax la mid ah oo cad oo gebi ahaanba daboolayaa Cathedral St George ee Yuriev-Polish. Pictures rooga huwiyey derbiyada macbudka at sare iyo hoose.

nolosha labaad

Its dhismaha waxaa la dhisay muddo afar sano ah. Waxay leedahay in ay qaab asalka ah in ka badan laba boqol oo sannadood taagan, ilaa in 1460 ma dhicin burburkii of xafiiltamaan ee, sida muuqata, awoodin inuu qaado xamuulka culus. Ma qanci caddaymo kale ah oo sabab u George ee Cathedral ayaa la burburiyay in Yuriev-Polish. Qadiimiga, oo daraasaad ku cadayn jidheed ee la soo dhaafay ayaa muujinaysa in ay sabab u noqon kartaa cilad tectonic, iyo sidoo kale dhulka.

By amar ee Grand Duke ee si fiican u yaqaan dhise Moscow V. D. Ermolinu waxaa la baray in ay ka shaqeeyaan soo celinta. Injineerka ayaa hore u lahaa qaar ka mid ah waayo-aragnimo in dib u soo celinta oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha qadiimiga ah. Waxaa la sheegay in Ermolin haddana soo ururiyey Yuryev-Polsky Cathedral ee St. George (sawiro laga arki karaa maqaalka). Injineerka ayaa sheegay in uu ku kaniisadda iyo cibaadaysiga soo celiyo, "isaga sida hor u geliya." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taasi run ma aha.

eegtaa New

Intii lagu guda jiray shuqulladaada soo celinta ayaa arrin si dhib leh ku margado Joogaba, sanayd ee dhismaha weyn ee, waxay noqon more ponderous. Inta badan reliefs ku lumeen, oo sayidyadooda ku haray wareersan, taas oo ah sababta tolnimo macbudka siiyey aragti ah ee aan kala sooc lahayn ku kala firdhay oo aan lahayn dareen gudaha ah images goobta ugu wacan.

In qarniyadii soo socda soo kabsaday Cathedral Yermolin St. George ee Yuriev-Polsky ayaa si joogta ah wax laga beddelay. Sidaas daraaddeed, in belfry qarnigii toddoba iyo waxaa la dhisay on its balbalada galbeedka. In 1781 waxaa loo bedelay kale - dheeraad ah oo cajiib ah, taas oo la qotomiyey dhinaca galbeed, iyo St. George ee Cathedral qariyeen afar dhaadhaca, laakiin lahaa in ay cover pozakomarnoe, oo dhan macbudyo dhagax cad.

In 1809-1827 GG. dhismaha ugu weyn waqooyiga iyo koonfurta waa u xiran yihiin oo ah ku lifaaqan diiran cusub sacristy. Waxaas oo dhan ayaa dhalisay burbur cusub iyo dhalanrog ee taallo qadiimiga, taas oo maanta si cad u arki karo in badan oo ka mid ah sawiro jir ah. St. George ee Cathedral helay ay hadda u habeysan kaliya ee qarnigii labaatanaad, markii ay ugu danbeyn burburiyay, sababtoo ah waxaa kharribaad dheeraad ah.

Waa inaan sheegaa in eeda Ermolina arrin aan run. waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd ma aha oo kaliya in la soo celiyo Cathedral St. George ee Yuriev-Polsky, kuwaas oo naqshadaha waa mid gaar ah, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u cilinta si ay blocks kuweyga xardhay ahaayeen hannaankii dhagax mar adag, midoobeen ujeedadu caadi ah, hawl aad u adag lagu rido isaga ka horreeyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, adigoo aan gacanta ku jirin sawiro ama sawirro, oo waxaa la siin xaqiiqada ah in badan oo ka mid ah dhagxantii oo sabab u ah burburkii ayaa si fudud u baabbi'iyey, ha u ahaa ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn.

yabban tahay

About xardho in hubaal Cathedral ee St. George, qoraal ah oo wuxuu ku yidhi badan. yabban tahay Her ilaa qarniyadii labaatanaad ayaa u waxyoonay fanaaniin badan oo ku hawlan alwaax "indha la '" dhafnaa.

nidaamyada sir ah iyagoo muujinayay in xoolaha, shimbiraha iyo dhirta, iyo libaaxyo, berriga la dabo tidcan - oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid, isagoo xayawaan Ilaah, ammaaneen wax abuura ee sawirro dhagax cad la dhalaalayay xardhey Cathedral ee St. George ee St. George ee.

Stone "shalash"

hannaanka ma aha oo kaliya on darbiyada diyaarada ugu xidhay, laakiin dhammaan faahfaahinta shiidaa naqshadda sida caasimadaha, tiirar iyo portals. Tirokoobyada dadka iyo xoolaha, iyo dugaag-awaalka - oo dhan interspersed sharraxdid ubaxa sir ah. Sidaas darteed, si buuxda dahaarka shalash dhagax George Cathedral eg sir ah qaabeeya cut block ka dhagax adag. Si hufan sababta oo ah dhismaha, kanu wuxuu ahaa isqurxin iyo iid.

naqshadaha

Cathedral yar. Its guriyo lateral balbaladood "baxda". Waxay hor istaagay meelaheedii dednaaba on Aamino of a zakomars guushu. West balbalada, taas oo ahayd dhinaca asal ahaan ka weyn oo ka sarreeya. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa dabaq labaad iyo heesta ah, loogu tala galay qoyska princely. In geeska a, at kulanka of derbiyada waqooyiga iyo bariga, halkaas waxaa joogay goobta cibaadaysiga yar oo ka mid ah Trinity, taas oo ahayd meel xabaaleed amiirrada JuR'EVSKIJj ah. Out halkan iyo maanta waa arkosoly dareemi, halkaas oo in 1252 oo waxaa lagu aasay Prince Svyatoslav.

The guriyo ee cathedral waxaa lagu qaybiyey saddex pilasters saamiyada. Farsamadan waa caan naqshadaha Ruush qadiimiga ah iyo waa calaamad ka mid ah macbudka afar tiir. dhigoodu dadban ee cathedral halkaas zone arkaturno-columnar, taas oo waqtiga burburinta qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad ayaa ka badbaaday oo aan si buuxda. Waxa uu sidoo kale kordhiyay weheliyaan qaybta sare ee apse ah, sidoo kale kala semi-columns. In labada heerarka ee suunka la siiyaa daaqadaha ku filan sare, iyo si toos ah in ka badan xarunta macbudka ugu weyn istaagay sedjibeke kiciyey on madaxa a taallo gaar ah.

Markaasaa macbudkii waxaa markii hore ahayd

Khubarada ayaa soo jeedinaya in load noocan oo kale ah dib jabiyay-, iyo sidoo kale meelaha dedan oo sare oo sababay burburkii booska ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Architecture-of version asalka ah ee dhismaha waxaa lagu gartaa bararka iyo firfircoonida. Joogaba, caato ah, oo ay weheliso saddex balbaladood asalka ah, siiyey wayn Fadilid cathedral iyo stolpoobraznoe.

Inkasta oo uu firfircoonida iyo compositional ee Cathedral St. George ee St. George ee, wuxuu ahaa xoogaa ka liita dhismayaasha la mid ah ee Kiev iyo Smolensk, ayuu palpably ka xoogbadan, si ay u saftay weyn leh. Oo waxaas oo dhan kor ku xusan qayb ka ah qaninimada iyo quruxda of threads ee, oo daboolaya derbiyada oo dhan.

gudaha

Inside Cathedral ee St. George waa waasac kugu filan. Taas waxay ku gaartey mahad xaqiiqada ah in tiirarka on kuwaas oo booska uu, dhigay ballaaran marka laga reebo oo u dhaqaaqday derbiyada. meel bannaan oo meesha allabariga gooni uga caqabad ugu weyn hooseeyo on taas oo leben ah la jaro deesis.

Cajiib ah oo fiican iyo rijiyeeyay on design gudaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kiniisadda, taas oo uu leeyahay ma nalal aan dabiici ahayn, had iyo gudcur, sidaas darteed si ay u arkaan oo dhan midabada in photos ka, waxa mararka qaarkood aan macquul ahayn waa. Guud ahaan, gudaha ee cathedral ee aan loo qaadan Karin ay decoration ka baxsan marka la barbar dhigo.

guriyo

On darbiyada lacag-jaalle ah ee Cathedral ee aad isticmaali karto saacadaha waxbarashada Suul sir ah ee dhagaxa ah. waxbarashada muddada dheer ee restorers iyo farshaxanka ayaa ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in si buuxda u gaadhsiin dhisaa fikrad ee asalka ah oo u badan ama ka yar dayactir.

The walxuhu ugu muhiimsan in qurxinay Cathedral St. George ee Yuriev-Polsky, tixgeliyaa "Badalka" on Aamino galbeedka, "toddoba Adeeyada" iyo "Trinity". On dhinaca woqooyi waa "iskutallaabta The" iyo "Daniel in den libaaxa." walxuhu sida "loosoo", "The Orans Virgin", waxaa lagu qurxiyey Aamino koonfureed.

galaasyada The string dhan quduusiinta ayaa ka muujinayaa in suunka arkaturno. Farsamadan waa sida cathedrals Gothic ee Europe. On derbiga waqooyiga waxaa la rinji taageerayaal badan oo ah amiirradii dadka Vladimir guri ammaan. Waxa kale oo la sameeyey iyo gargaarka ballaaran Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Quduuska ah ka muujinayaa in hubkiisa military, xanbaarsan yahay astaanta gaashaan of guri ammaan ah princely a - Bacalna shabeel.

abuureyaal

chroniclers kale qadiimiga xiiseynaya waa sayidkii kan Abuuray cathedral kii. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa muujiyay sida aragtida ah in qoraaga qudhiisa ahaa Svyatoslav. Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in inkastoo iyo amiir u qaaday qayb weyn ku abuuraya design ugu dambeeya ee this masterpiece naqshadda, voplotitelyami in uu naftiisa u ahaayeen farsamo Ruush caadiga ah.

In abuurka cathedral ayaa door caan ah, oo Mitrofan - kiniisadda Vladimir, lagu gubay tataarka. Waxa uu ahaa shakhsiyad aad u fiican, nin ka mid ah dhaqanka sare, siyaasi xariif ah oo sokoeye iyo farshaxanka. Cilmi aaminsan yihiin in waxa kii horumariyo xardho yaabka nidaamka in hubaal Cathedral St George ee Yuriev-Polish ahaa. In maadooyinka iyada dareemay aqoon qoto dheer oo keliya ma aha Patristic, laakiin sidoo kale suugaanta ruuxi Ruush.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira ayaa sheegay in dhismaha macbudka hortiisu waxay ahayd sayidkayga ah oo ka mid ah Bulgaria Volga. Markaasaa waxaa taas ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in cathedral la dhisay in si buuxda la-Vladimir Suzdal jihada of naqshadaha. Waxaa muhiim ah in qaab-dhismeedka noocan oo kale ah ma suurto gal ah in loo isticmaalo sida rag saaniciin ah in weli haysan lahaa waayo-aragnimo ku filan. Kaliya koritaanka hal abuur leh ee carvers Ruush dhagax, kuwaas oo nuugo waayo-aragnimo la isugu gudbiyo ee ka horreeyay, iyo sidoo kale tusaalooyin fiican ee farshaxanka maxaliga ah iyo kuwa shisheeye, ogol yahay hal mar si ay u abuuraan dhagax cirfiid-Sheeko la Been - St. George ee Cathedral ee St. George ee.