"Borodino beerta" - Borodino War Gobolka iyo History Museum iyo Reserve

beerta Borodino - waa qayb ka mid ma aha oo kaliya ee dhulka, laakiin sidoo kale xasuusin ah in dhammaan ammaanta military ee ciidamada Ruushka oo difaacday dhulkooda hooyo, ma aha oo kaliya in XIX ah, laakiin sidoo kale in qarnigii XX ah. Waa maxay waxa ay ka dhigan tahay sanado badan ka dib markii ay guul weyn muwaadiniinta walaalahooda? beerta Borodino, sawirka kuwaas oo si fudud ma aha waxaan gaadhsiin karaa weynaanta meeshan taariikhi ah oo dhan, ugu yaraan hal mar noloshooda u leeyihiin in ay soo booqdaan Ruush kasta.

Guudmarka

Dad badan oo dhallinyaro ah Cunid taariikhda ammaanta dalkeenna, waa ogyahay berrinkii Borodino. Halkee meeshii dagaalka hore ciidanka jabin karin Faransiis ah Napoleon iyo ciidamada Ruush, loo yaqaan xataa tan shisheeye fara badan. Tan waxa u sabab ay taariikhda in muhiimada weyn ee dagaalka lagu hoobtay this ka dhacay dagaalkii Patriotic ee 1812. Waa in siyaabo badan oo beddelay, ma aha oo kaliya loogu talagalay Empire Ruush ah, laakiin sidoo kale for Europe.

beerta Borodino waa dhul galbeed ugu weyn ee ku naalaa of Mozhaisk. Waxay ku taalaa on goobta of xal miyiga. Waxa uu leeyahay magac ku habboon - Borodino. dejinta waxa ay la xidhiidhaa degmada Mozhaisk ee gobolka Moscow. Waxaa la dhisay meel u dhow tuulada Borodino. In meeshan ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay noqdaan taallo u ah ammaan iyo ruuxa Cameroon oo ka mid ah askari oo Ruush.

Museum-Reserve, iyo waxaa loo yaqaan - "field Borodino", waa xusuus laba dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. On waxaa la ogsoon yahay in dalal badan oo caalamka ah. Waxaa loo arkaa museum ugu da'da weyn abuuray dagaalka. territory reserve waa 110 sq. km. Waa in ka badan 200 raadkeeda, tiirarka iyo taxadiri. Qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ka mid ah - posts amarka Napoleon iyo M. I. Kutuzova, xusuus, taxadiri in meelaha joogista ciidamada Ruush.

Taariikhda ammaanta ciidamada Ruush

On dhulka dejinta casriga on 26 August (style cusub 7 September) ee 1812 wuxuu ahaa dagaal weyn ee u dhexeeya macnaha ciidanka Faransiiska ee Napoleon iyo ciidamada Ruush. Laakiin ma aha oo keliya Battle of Borodino waa kibirka dadka deegaanka. In 1941-1942. aagga ahaa line wanaagsan ee difaaca ee Moscow.

beerta Map Borodino waa laga buuxiyay la noocyo kala duwan oo calaamadaha loo diyaariyey kuwa ama meelo kale oo xusuus leh. The dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dagaalka Faransiis-Ruush dhacay intii u dhaxaysay wadada jir Smolensk. xarumaha militariga sida muhiim ah ayaa ku yaal dhulka:

• Bagration dareen (Semenov);

• redoubt Shevardino;

• batari The Rajewski.

Natiijooyinka dagaalka

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, xogta ee dagaalka Borodino goob joog ka ahaa 120 kun oo askari oo Ruush ah iyo 135,000 oo Faransiis. Ruushka ayaa lahaa 624 qoryaha, halka kooxda ay - 587. dagaal ku bilaabmay qabashada tuulada Faransiis ah Borodino, halkaas oo ka hor, waxay ahaayeen ciidamada Ruushka. The dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dagaalka ku bilaabay at 5:00 am, garabka bidix ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Halkaa marka ay marayso in kanaal ku taala ku dareen Semenovski Bagration. Waxaa jiray saacado badan ee dagaalka kululayd. Dareen marar badan gacanta ku maray in ay gacanta ku soo horjeeda. Earth ahaa gebi ahaanba daboolay meydka nin iyo fardo. In dagaalka this, Taliyaha ciidanka 2 Western P. I. Bagration ahaa gabtid ku dhaawacmeen. Ka dib markii in, Faransiis ayay u suuragashay in ay qabsadaan dareen.

The dagaal arxan la mid ahayd batteriga Rajewski, kuwaas oo ahaa xarunta of booska Ruush. Intii uu socday dagaal lagu hoobtay oo ay ku dhinteen kumanaan kun oo askari oo labada dhinac, askari Ruush soo bandhigay doonista Cameroon inuu ku guuleysto. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Faransiis ah ay awoodaan in ay qabsadaan sidii loo xoojin lahaa Russia ee xarunta iyo garabka bidix, Napoleon ku caasiyeyn ka go'an tahay sida ay u dagaalamaan in ay dhimasho iyo cadowga gurteen si ay asalka ah.

The Battle of Borodino waxaa loo arkaa ka geysteen taariikhda dagaalo hal maalin. Waxa lagu dilay 45 kun oo Ruush oo ku saabsan 40 kun Faransiiska. Isla mar ahaantaana labada dhinac ayaa laga badiyay askari oo keliya ma aha, laakiin sidoo kale saraakiisha. In dagaalka this dilay 23 Ruush iyo 49 Guud Faransiis, taas oo si weyn u wiiqay ciidanka jabin karin Napoleon ka hor.

Qiimaha mid ah Battle of Borodino

The Battle of Borodino - mid ka mid ah waxay geysteen taariikhda ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Waxay ahayd mid aad u sax ah ku tilmaamay in novel ee Leo Tolstoy "Nabadda iyo Colaadda". cidhibtii dagaalka oo intaasu waxay ahayd Napoleon ee baxsado. Wuxuu ma aha oo kaliya ka tagay Moscow ku qabteen laakiin sidoo kale laga badiyay oo ciidankiisa kun iyo France badan.

salka matxafka

In 1837, Ruush Emperor Nicholas I soo iibsatay magaca wiilkiisa Alexander saamiga guryaha ee tuulada Borodino. talaabo muhiim ah in uu dhowro xusuusta oo ka mid ah halyeeyadii ciidanka Ruush ahaa furitaanka August 26, 1839 taallo in ay askar Ruush, oo ku yaalla on batteriga Rajewski iyo reburial ee dambaska Bagrationa P. I. mustaqbalka ee aagga this museum waxaa la aasaasay, ka go'an in mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu weyn ee taariikhda Ruushka Empire. beerta General kormeerka la soo saaray karaa Wiinkeey sare, oo ku yaalla meel ka baxsan Slides tuulada. waxaa On in maalinta dagaalka waxay ahayd aragti post M. I. Kutuzova. Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeygii hore duug ah, bilowga ah ee Battle of Taliyaha in Chief Flying Eagle, uu saadaaliyay in guusha reer Ruush. Waxaa la shimbir this waxaa pooping on obelisk ah, on ag tuuli maayo this.

In 1912, sannad guuradii 100aad ee dagaalka ku taallo dagaalka waxaa la aasaasay 33 kala duwan kala qaybsanaanta, regiments, Asluubta, shirkadaha iyo batariyada. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waa on tuulmooyinkii dagaalka kala xajmi duwan on bangiyada of durdurrada iyo dhaadhacyadii webiyada. Inta badan taxadiri la dhisay by deeqaha ah saraakiil iyo askari ee ciidanka, dhaxlay horyaalka dagaallamay unugyada Borodino.

taxadiri Borodino

Macaamiisha beeraha Borodino fursad u leeyihiin inay arkaan mar kale 50 taxadiri wanaagsan, labada taliye u fiican oo askari oo Ruush fudud. Oo kulligoodna waxaa lagu qasbay in ay ku faani awowayaashayo, abuurto dareenka waddaninimo ee qof kasta oo Banii'aadan. The taxadiri ugu weyn ee beerta Borodino ah:

• Obelisk Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzovu, abuuray by naqshadeeyaha ugu caansan Vorontsov-Velyaminovym.

• dareen Bagration.

• dhimashada askar Faransiis.

• batari The Rajewski.

• askari oo Ruush.

• Utitsky Kurgan (Hill Gardens).

• 7 lugta Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon Ciidankii.

• Wild Horse madaafiicda.

• 2 qeybinta Cuirassier.

• guutada Volyn.

• Qabriga of General Bagration.

• Lithuanian Ciidankii.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• 3aad lugta Division of General PP Konovnitsyn

• «Dhererka Roubaud."

• 24 Division lugta.

• ciidammadoodu Moscow iyo Smolensk.

• Finland Ciidankii.

• 3aad iyo awr Corps iyo 1 Horse Battery.

• 12 Division lugta.

• 2 batari Horse Artillery Brigade kabtanka Raalya FF

In waddada isku xirta tuulada Borodino in matxafka, waxay u taagan on a haan haysa T-34. Taalladaas waxaa ka go'an in askartii 5 Army difaacaneysa Moscow ee 1941. calaamad xusuus calaamadeeyay aagga deyrka DOT Mozhaisk, dhisay 1941.

xabaalo wadareedyo

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay taxadiri iyo tiirarka, qaar ka mid ah ku yaalla oo ku reserve xabaalo wadareedyo taas oo ah been askartii Ruushka iyo Faransiiska kuwaas oo ku dhintay sannaddii dagaalka ee Borodino. horyaalka taallo Bakhmetev soo socda waxaa lagu aasay saraakiil Ruush naftooda siiyey in dagaalka in. The museum-reserve waxaa qabriga Mass of askari oo lagu dilay kaynta Utitskom. Calaamadda xusuus u ah oo ku saabsan la qotomiyey 1962. Isla mar ahaantaana on site in yaaliin dareen Bagration, hadhaagii askari oo labada ciidammadii laga helay. Ka dib markii reburial ee rasmi ah oo la furay Qabriga Askariga la aqoon. In 1912, meeshii ay jirto meel lagu amarka Napoleon, waxaa lagu riday oo keliya taallo in ay Faransiis u dhaceen. waxaa On waa qorraa: ". Dhimatay oo ciidan faro badan"

sidoo kale waxaa jira aaska askartii Soviet oo duurka ku 1941-1942, GG, kuwaas oo gebi ahaanba soo socda jilayaasha kale ee xusuus, aasaasay sharaf ah geesiyaal of War ka Patriotic ee 1812 Sidaas darteed, Borodino Station waa qabriga badan ee askarta Soviet 5 Army.

Military History Museum

beerta Borodino, oo ku yaalla xarunta of History Museum Military ah, soo jiidata boqolaal dalxiisayaal ah maalin kasta. dhismaha ugu weyn ee la dhisay sanadkii 1912, waqtiga sanad guuradii 100aad ee dagaallada caanka ah ee dunida, tuulmay ee 1812 Waa hadalkay hodan ah soo bandhigtay oo durriyadii rag caan ah sida ka Battle of Borodino.

adag Architectural iyo xusuus

At meeshii mar ahaa mid ka mid ah dareen ka Bagration, maanta taagan qurux badan oo adag naqshadda iyo xusuus. Waxaa ka mid ah:

• Badbaadiyeheenna Borodino Convent, kuwaas oo dhismaha waxaa fuliyay 1830-1870 GG

• Church of Badbaadiyeheenna ah.

• keniisad Kolotsky, taas oo ahayd xarunta Kutuzova M. I.

• Church of dhalatay ee, shukaansi dib ugu dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII ah.

Badbaadiye Borodino Convent aasaasay Margarita Mihaylovna Tuchkova meeshii ninkeedii dhintay - General AA Tuchkov. In gurigeeda bandhig yar oo kor loo dhigay 1994, guri 3 qol. Waxay sheegaysaa nolosha lamaane this caan ah oo taariikhda aasaasay of keniisad ah. In qolka ugu weyn waa xusuus ah u noqdaan General Tuchkov.

museum Modern nolol-hawada

Qarnigii XXI ee Museum-Reserve soo bandhigay kooxda martida ay bandhig cusub oo cinwaankiisu yahay "Borodino -. Dagaalkii reer Rafaa" Waxay ku taalaa shukaansi dhismaha ka batteriga Rajewski ah. The salaysan bandhig yihiin waxyaabaha asalka ah ee la xidhiidha ee Battle of Borodino. Waxaa ka mid ah: calammo iyo heerka shaqo; hubka; dharka askarta Labadii Col; abaalmarinta; waraaqaha; kaararka; alaabtaada. Halkan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay iyo natiijada ka yimid hawshii dagaalka. iyaga waxaa ka mid ah jajabkii bam, kubadaha madfac, rasaas. Bandhiga waxaa ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan oo shuqullada tahay in loo abuuray by ka qaybgalayaasha iyo saffarro kuwa dhacdooyinka qadiimiga ah. Sidoo kale soo bandhigay farshaxankiisa Kaapelitalo qarniyo XIX-XX.

On dhulka duurka Borodino waxaa dejinta a, "Doronin," taas oo ah matxaf la wada nolosha military iyo soo ridayeen. Its feature ugu muhiimsan waa in dhammaan dhismayaasha, shay, wax, iyo faahfaahinta gudaha - wax dhab ah.

museum kale

Mid ka mid ah Bannaanbaxyada ugu caansan ka mid ah matxafka-reserve - ". War Gallery" Waxay ku taalaa ee dhismaha ee refectory oo ka mid ah Church of Badbaadiyaha Convent Borodino ah. The Battle of Borodino ahaa mid aad u hami, sidaas bandhiga qoreysa in ka badan 70 Wehbe mid ah saraakiisha ciidanka Ruushka, kaas oo waxaa jira wax badan oo ka mid ah Jeneraaladii caan ah oo yar-yaqaan. In ka badan saddex meelood taliyayaasha ah oo dagaalka ku jira ayaa ku dhaawacmay ama dhaawac jug. The Battle of Borodino aad u weyn u saameeyaa Layouts iyo tarabuunka kala duwan.

iid Orthodox iyo dib u dhiska ah ee dagaallada

beerta Borodino 2005 ahaa goobta ee iidda dhalinyarada International "Brothers". kooxaha wadaniyiinta badan ayaa ku lug leh reconstructions in cilinta dagaalka ku dagaal ee 1812 iyo 1941 Sannad kasta tiro sii kordhaysa oo ka mid ah ururada kala duwan waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb iyaga in. xamaasad noocan oo kale ah siinayaa dadka casriga ah fursad ay ku eegaan dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah ee dalkiisa iyada oo indhaha dadka ka qayb iyaga in. Tani waxay isku daya in ay la soo dhaafay kuu ogolaanaya in aad si buuxda u la kulmaan taariikhda iyo sii dadka qarniyada. Xubno ka mid ah kooxaha taariikh military oo si firfircoon oo ku lug leh barnaamijyada waxbarasho oo badan, bannaanbaxyo, si documentary ah ku ganaan.

Sidee si ay u gaaraan matxafka

Meejaad badan soo booqdaan beerta Borodino ah. Sidee in ay ka Moscow hesho in ay? Ka hor inta ku museum-reserve ma adagtahay in la gaaro. Waxaa lagu tagi karaa:

• By baabuur, u socday oo 102 km oo ah jid Minsk ee. Markaas waxaad u baahan tahay in midigta loo leexdo jihada of Mozhaisk. ka tilmaamaha si tuulada Borodino u baahan yihiin inay ku aflaxaan 12 km.

• baska ee wadada long-distance №457 «Moscow Mozhaisk." Fadhiiso waxa on, waxaad samayn kartaa joogsiga baska saldhiga metro ee "Victory Park" ah. Kuwa soo socda waa in si joogsiga "Borodino" tag.

• By tareenka aad ka heli kartid Belorussky tareenka si Borodino Station, ka dibna ku socon waa in aad si museum laftiisa socdaan 3 km. Waqtiga safarka ku saabsan yahay 3 saacadood.

Museum-Reserve qaadataa tours group iyo Socdaalba firaaqada labadaba. shaqaalaha museum khibrad leh caawin doonaa doorashada ee wadada iyada oo dhulka duurka Borodino ah, adag naqshadda iyo xusuus. Waxay ka hadlaan oo dhan daqiiqado ah mid ka mid ah dagaaladii ugu weyn ee taariikhda dalkeena.

In tuulada Borodino waa cafe a "Mozhayskoe beer weyn", halkaas oo dalxiisayaal nasan karo iyo qalbi qabowsado.